RU2420057C2 - Method to predict crop capacity of green mass and oil nuts of safflower - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agriculture. Method includes optimisation of harvesting timings, establishment of a sum of average daily temperatures from sowing to "branching" phase and quantity of past precipitation, calculation of hydrothermic coefficient in the period from appearance of two-three real leaves to "budding" phase, and determination of green mass crop capacity with calculation. At the same time on completion of twenty days after full sprouts and during subsequent ten days, safflower studs are cut at the level of day surface from areas of 1 m², repeated thrice, and the predicted crop capacity of green mass at the end of the "budding" phase is calculated using the following formula:

where y - predicted crop capacity of green mass, kg/ha; M₂ - average mass of vegetation sprouts from the area of 1 m² as 30 days expire after full sprouts, g; M₁ - average mass of vegetation sprouts from the area of 1 m as 20 days expire after full sprouts, g; G_gr - hydrothermic coefficient of growing conditions from the moment of sowing to the "budding" phase in the previous period, mm/°C; G_m - hydrothermic coefficient of vegetation conditions in the predicted year from the moment of full sprouts to the "branching" phase, mm/°C; α - coefficient, which takes into account reserves of available moisture in a layer of 0-0.3 m during the vegetation period; ω - coefficient that takes into account heat availability for the plants in the vegetation period, °C/days; d₁ - coefficient, which takes into account effect of nutrient reserves in soil; d₂ - coefficient, which takes into account effect of applied mineral fertilisers NPK to form green mass; B - coefficient, which takes into account varietal properties of safflower plants to form and accumulate green mass; "П" - period of vegetation from sowing to blooming phase, days; Σt - sum of accumulated temperatures, higher than 5°C.

EFFECT: method makes it possible to increase validity of results in prediction of green mass of seed productivity in promising varieties of safflower.

4 tbl, 4 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture and can be used to assess the yield of new varieties and varieties of oilseeds, including safflower dyeing when cultivated in other soil and climatic conditions in rainfed and irrigated agriculture.

There is a method of rapid diagnosis of potential plant productivity, including selecting seeds, soaking them in a liquid and then measuring the biological characteristics of the seeds, which make a judgment about potential productivity, in which, in order to simplify the diagnosis and increase its reliability, a weak potassium salt solution is used as a liquid , and as a biophysical characteristic, the average rate of increase in the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution is used, which is directly dependent on t of potential plant productivity (SU, copyright certificate No. 1414355. A1. M. Cl ^4. A01G 7/00. Method for the rapid diagnosis of potential plant productivity / L.N. Vorobiev, N.N. Egorova, A.I. Martynenko ( USSR) .- Application No. 4139372 / 30-13; Declared 10/27/1986; Published 07.08.1988, Bull. No. 29 // Discovery. Inventions. - 1988. - No. 29).

The disadvantages of the described method of rapid diagnosis of potential productivity of agricultural crops to be introduced for cultivation in irrigated agriculture include the fact that, firstly, a weak solution of potassium salt does not affect the seed coat of oilseeds, secondly, there is no emission of hydrogen ions from the surface of the seed coat, and thirdly, this the indicator is indirect, because the seed coat of oilseeds and legumes in no way determines both the sowing and productive qualities of promising varieties, fourthly, the need for high-precision and expensive equipment. The described method does not take into account the conditions of cultivation of oilseeds and legumes before introduction, and especially the soil and climatic conditions of the zone provided for large-scale introduction.

There is also known a method for early diagnosis of the potential productivity of cultivar combinations of fruit crops, including determining during the period of active growth of annual cultivar combinations of fruit crops a physiological and biochemical indicator, the value of which is used to judge the potential productivity of a combination, in which plants are grown in controlled conditions, as the physiological and biochemical indicator determine the content of free proline in istyah and plants belong to potentially productive if proline content does not exceed 20-25 mg /% on dry substance (SU, Inventor's Certificate №1470239. A1. M. ⁴ Cl. A01G 7/00, A01G 17/00. A method for early for diagnosing the potential productivity of variety-rootstock combinations of fruit crops / T.N. Doroshenko, Yu.S. Pospelova (USSR) - Application No. 4302160 / 30-13; Announced 08/31/1987; Publish. 07.04.1989. Bull. No. 13 // Discovery Inventions. - 1989. - No. 13).

The results of many years of research have established that for a wide range of varieties of oilseeds and legumes, the content of free proline not only in the leaves, but also in the stems, first-order branches, inflorescences, and beans is not significantly different. Thus, the described method is not acceptable for assessing the potential productivity of oilseeds when cultivated in other soil and climatic conditions.

In addition to the described methods, there is a known method for assessing the potential productivity of agricultural plants, including sampling leaves, measuring biophysical indicators characterizing the combination of two phytosystems, and assessing potential productivity by the value of the measured parameters, in which, in order to increase the reliability of the method, sampling is carried out under irradiance of 10- 40 W / ^m2, immediately after the selection of the sample immersed in liquid nitrogen, measuring the biophysical parameter is carried out at a temperature Yid th nitrogen and light intensity of 300-2500 W / m ² as a biophysical indicator analyzed spectrum of electron spin resonance measured amplitudes A ₁ and A ₂ signals at g-factor 2.006 2.015 A ₁ and A _2, respectively, the coefficient K is calculated by the formula:

K = 2.75 A ₂ / A ₁ ,

at the same time, the potential productivity of plants in the current year is estimated by K, and if they coincide within the species by the value of A ₁ , and the higher values of K and A ₁ correspond to more potentially productive agricultural plants (SU, copyright certificate No. 1505472. A1. M. Kl ⁴ A01G 7/00, A01H 1/04 A method for assessing the potential productivity of agricultural plants / A.Yu. Borisov, N. M. Vandysheva, M. G. Goldfeld et al. (USSR) - Application No. 4343664 / 30-15 ; Declared 12/15/1987; Publish. 09/07/1989. Bull. No. 33 // Discovery. Inventions. - 1989. - No. 33).

The disadvantages of the described method for assessing the potential productivity of agricultural plants, including oilseeds, include obtaining indirect indicators that do not affect the seed productivity of the tested plants.

There is a method of determining the yield of apple varieties for growing them in a meadow garden, including measuring the potential yield and subsequent conversion to yield, in which, in order to increase the reliability and simplify the method, the measurement is carried out during growing fruiting, the initial level of axillary fruiting is measured as an indicator, and the subsequent recount is carried out according to the formula:

y = 37.2x-54.7

where y is the yield, kg / ha;

x - the initial level of the share of axillary fruiting,%

(SU, copyright certificate No. 1630677. A1. M. Cl ^5. A01G 7/00, A01G 17/00. A method for determining the yield of apple varieties for growing them in a meadow garden / V.F. Koltunov, V. M. Yakovuk (USSR ). - Application No. 46664079/13; Stated March 21, 1989; Publish. February 28, 1991, Bull. No. 8 // Discoveries. Inventions. - 1991. - No. 8).

The disadvantages of the described method for determining the yield of apple varieties, in relation to oilseed plants, are that safflower inflorescences are formed not from buds on vegetative shoots, but on branches of the first and second orders. The specified method is not acceptable for predicting the seed productivity of oilseeds during cultivation in both irrigated and non-irrigated agriculture.

There is a method of determining the term for sowing legumes on seeds in the mountains, including measuring the sum of temperatures and the amount of precipitation and calculating the hydrothermal coefficient according to the formula, in which, in order to increase seed productivity, the sum of temperatures and amount of precipitation is measured when predicting air + 10 ° C, and the sowing term set by hydrothermal coefficient in the range from 4 to 8 (RU, patent No. 20144768. C1. M. Cl ^3. A01C 7/00. Method for determining the timing of sowing legumes on seeds in the mountains / S.A. Bekuzarova, K.X .Besov, B.K. Mamsurov (RU. З application No. 4753139/15; Stated 10/25/1989; Publ. 06/30/1994).

One of the legumes - soybeans - belongs to the Fabaceae family, like all legumes. In the conditions of the Lower Volga region, the hydrothermal coefficient (SCC) of G.T.Selyaninov varies from 0.25 to 1.15. According to this indicator, it is impossible to establish the time for sowing seeds, such as chickpeas or soybeans, into the soil and, moreover, the expected grain yield of the varieties of chickpeas, soybeans, and beans cultivated earlier in conditions where the SCC varies from 4 to 8.

A known method for predicting the yield of winter wheat, which consists in determining the average daily temperature in May and depending on the applied doses of fertilizers predict yield by mathematical dependence:

y = 75.6-3.14x + 12.52d,

where y is the yield of winter wheat, t / ha;

x is the average daily air temperature in May, ° C;

d - dose of mineral fertilizers from 0 to 1 (0 - without fertilizers,

1 - N ₁₂₀ P ₁₂₀ K ₆₀ )

(RU, patent No. 2158498. C2. IPC ⁷ A01G 7/00. A method for predicting the yield of winter wheat / P.G. Akulov, M.N. Ponedelchenko, I.N.Sokoreva, N.S. Sokorev (RU). - Application No. 98121715/13; Stated 30.1 1.1998; Published 10.11.2000).

The disadvantages of the described method with regard to assessing the potential productivity of beans, chickpeas, soybeans for grain cultivation in irrigated agriculture include low accuracy of the forecast data. So, the average air temperature in May was 15.1 ° C according to the data of the weather station in Volgograd for 1997-2000, and the average long-term temperature was 16.4 ° C. Having accepted the condition that the regime of mineral nutrition of plants, for example, soybeans, nitrogen, potash and phosphorus fertilizers during the growing season is provided, i.e. d = 1, when substituting the indicated data, we have:

y = 75.6-3.14 · 6.4 ° C + 12.52 · 1 = 36.624 t / ha = 3.6624 t / ha,

and at d = 0, y = 75.6-3.14 · 6.4 = 24.104 t / ha = 2.4104 t / ha.

However, the above expression y = 75.6-3.14x + 12.52d does not take into account the moisture supply of soybean plants. In the absence of macro-fertilizers in the soil, soybean plants of any varieties will not provide a grain yield of 2.410 t / ha.

In addition to the described methods, a method for predicting barley yield is known, which consists in determining the average daily air temperature in May and, depending on the applied doses of fertilizers, barley yield is predicted by mathematical dependence:

y = 51.41-2.13 x + 10.3 d

where y is the yield of barley, kg / ha;

x - average daily air temperature in April - May, ° C;

d - dose of mineral fertilizers from 0 to 1

(0 - without fertilizers, 1 - N ₁₂₀ P ₁₂₀ K ₆₀ )

(RU, patent No. 2158500. C2. IPC ⁷ A01G 7/00. Method for predicting barley yield / P.G. Akulov, M.N. Ponedelchenko, I.N.Sokoreva, N.S. Sokorev (RU). - Application No. 98121739/13; Stated 11/30/1998; Publ. 10.11.2000).

The disadvantages of the described forecasting method in relation to the assessment of grain yield, for example safflower dyeing promising varieties, is that the proposed expression does not take into account a number of significant factors affecting the quality and size of the crop. Using the previously given numerical data for May (x = 16.5 ° C), because due to the biology of plants, for example soybeans, they are not sown in April, and taking the values d = 1 and d = 0, we have:

y ₁ = 51.41-2.13 · 16.4 + 10.3 · 1 = 26.776 t / ha = 2.667 t / ha;

y ₂ = 51.41-2.13 · 16.4 + 10.3 · 0 = 16.642 kg / ha = 1.664 t / ha.

The indicated interval of soybean grain yield is not real, and the numerical data themselves do not provide a reliable forecast for the tested soybean variety.

A known method of controlling the production processes of agricultural plants during the cultivation of winter crops in arid climates, including optimizing the timing, sowing rates and methods of sowing, setting the sum of average daily temperatures in the range of 550-650 ° C for 45-60 days from the moment of sowing until the vegetation ceases, the formation of tillering by plants in each node of three to four stems with a sufficient supply of sugars for plant resistance to sub-zero temperatures in the range of -18 ... -20 ° C during snowless periods and set setting seeding rates to form the density of the stems standing 500-600 pcs / m ² on chernozem soils and 300-450 pcs / m ² on chestnut soils, calculating the hydrothermal coefficient taking into account precipitation for a period with a temperature above + 10 ° C and the sum of positive temperatures for the same period, sowing in a ten-day period with soil temperature regime from +18 to + 12 ° C, in which the planned productivity of winter crops is determined by the formula:

y = a · S · Gc + b,

where y is the grain yield, t / ha;

a - coefficient taking into account the rate of seeding;

b - coefficient taking into account the soil and climatic conditions of the zone;

S - the actual amount of positive temperatures from sowing to the termination of the growing season, ° C;

Gc is the hydrothermal coefficient, mm / ° C, while with Gc less than 0.5 the seed sowing rate is reduced by 10-15% of the optimal zonal values, with Gc in the range from 0.5 to 0.9, the sowing rate is maintained, with Gc greater than 0.9, the seeding rate is increased by 20-25%, and with increasing seeding rates, the row spacing from 22.5 cm is reduced to 7.5 cm (RU, patent No. 2228607. C1. IPC ⁷ A01G 7/00. Production control method processes in the cultivation of winter crops in an arid climate / A.F. Rogachev (RU), AMSaldaev (RU), D.A. Rogachev (RU) - Application No. 2002126981/12; Stated 09.10.2002; Publish. 20.05. 2004, Bul No. 14 // Inventions. Utility models. - 2004. - No. 14).

The described method of managing production processes deserves attention in the sense that the proposed expression takes into account the seed sowing rate, the indirect soil and climatic conditions of the cultivation zone, the actual sum of the positive temperatures from sowing to the termination of the growing season, and SCC values. However, the proposed method only adjusts the seeding rate to obtain a guaranteed crop.

A known method for predicting the yield of winter cereal crops during cultivation in a sharply continental climate, including the establishment of timing, seeding rates and methods of sowing, determining positive sums of average daily temperatures in the range of 550-650 ° C during the period from sowing to the termination of vegetation, the formation of plants in each node tillering of three to four stems with a sufficient supply of sugars to increase the resistance of plants to negative temperatures in the range from -18 ... -20 ° C and the calculation of hydrothermal values th coefficient, wherein the coefficient value hydrothermal 0.5 seeding rate is reduced to 10-15% of the optimal values for crops with row spacing of 0.225 m; when the coefficient value is more than 0.9, the seeding rate is increased by 20-25% in crops with row spacing

0.075 m, with coefficient values ranging from 0.5 to 0.9, the seeding rate is maintained on crops with a row spacing of 0.15 m, and the predicted yield is established from the expression:

y = k ₁ · a · (1 / x) ² + k ₂ - (1 / x) + k ₃ / s,

where y is the expected yield, kg / ha;

a - seeding rate, pcs./ha;

b - the sum of the positive temperatures from the date of sowing to stable negative temperatures, ° C;

c - row spacing, m;

x - the duration of sowing in days from the recommended dates, days;

k ₁ = (0.6-0.8) · 10 ^-3 - coefficient of proportionality, taking into account the varietal qualities of each seed in the accumulation of grain mass, (kg-day ² ) / pc .;

k ₂ = (0.0512-0.0934) · 10 ^-4 - the coefficient of proportionality, taking into account the influence of temperature on the formation of the root system of plants, kg · day / ° C · m ² ;

k ₃ = (0.00007-0.00015) · 10 ^-4 is the proportionality coefficient taking into account the placement of plants on the field surface, kg / m (RU, patent No. 2248690. C2. IPC ⁷ A01G 7/00. Method for evaluating potential productivity agricultural plants, mainly cereal crops, when cultivated in a sharply continental climate / A.S. Sarafanov, V.V. Borodychev, A. Saldaev, A. Mayer, V. N. Krivko (RU) - Application No. 2003107065/12 ; Stated March 14, 2003; Published March 27, 2005; Bull. No. 9 // Inventions. Useful models. - 2005. - No. 9).

The disadvantages of the described method, in relation to the problem we are solving, are that it is desirable to know the predicted yield by the oilseed flowering period, and not at the end of the growing season. At the end of the “bean filling and seed ripening” phase, the actual yield of safflower dye seeds can be determined.

There is a method of evaluating the potential productivity of winter cereal crops, including optimizing the timing, sowing rates and methods of sowing, setting the sum of average daily temperatures in the range of 550-650 ° C for 45-60 days from the time of sowing to the termination of the growing season, the formation of tillering at each node three to four stalks with a sufficient supply of sugars for plant resistance to subzero temperatures in the range of -18 ... -20 ° C during snowless periods and the establishment of seeding rates for the formation of stem density of 500-600 pcs / m ² on chernozem soils and 300-450-pcs./m ² on chestnut soils, calculation of the hydrothermal coefficient taking into account precipitation for a period with a temperature above + 10 ° C and the sum of positive temperatures for the same period, sowing in a ten-day period with a temperature regime of +18 up to + 12 ° C and the calculation of the planned productivity of winter crops, in which the planned productivity is determined from the dependence:

y = k ₁ ax ² + k ₂ Σt ГТКbp ₀ x ^-1 + k ₃ bc ^-1 ,

where y is the potential productivity of winter ears of crops, t / ha;

k ₁ = (1.5-3.0) · 10 ^-6 - coefficient of proportionality, taking into account the varietal qualities of each seed in the accumulation of grain mass, t · day ² / pc .;

a - seeding rate, pieces of germinating seeds per 1 ha;

x - sowing duration in days, from the beginning of the recommended period for the zone, days;

k ₂ = (0.8-1.3) · 10 ^-3 - the coefficient of proportionality, taking into account the influence of the temperature regime on the formation of the root system of plants from sowing to care in suspended animation, t · day / mm · ha;

Σt is the actual sum of positive temperatures from sowing to the termination of the growing season, ° C;

GTK - hydrothermal coefficient, mm / ° C;

b = (0.6-2.5) - dimensionless coefficient of proportionality, taking into account the soil and climatic conditions of the zone;

p ₀ - stocks of available moisture in the root horizon, mm;

k ₃ = (0.04-0.08) - the coefficient of proportionality, taking into account the placement of plants on the surface of the field, t · m / ha;

c - row spacing, m

(RU, patent No. 2267909. C1. IPC A01G 7/00 (2006.01). Method for assessing the potential productivity of winter cereal crops / V.P. Zvolinsky, N.V. Tyutyuma, L.V. Bogosoryanskaya, AMSaldaev (RU) - Application No. 2004119679/12; Declared June 28, 2004; Published on January 20, 2006, Bull. No. 2 // Inventions. Useful models. - 2006. - No. 2).

The described method for assessing potential productivity takes into account most of the factors affecting yield. The proposed formula is valid for crops with a long growing season and is not acceptable for evaluating, for example, ultra-mature soybean varieties with a growing season of 100-120 days.

A known method for predicting the yield of winter crops during cultivation in an arid climate, including setting the time, seeding rate, methods of sowing, calculating the value of the hydrothermal coefficient and making a forecast for the mathematical dependence in which the predicted yield for the next year is established from the expression:

Y = k ₁ AGs (1 / x ² ) + k ₂ B / x + k ₃ c / Gs,

where Y is the expected yield, kg / ha;

A - seeding rate, pcs./ha;

B - the sum of the positive temperatures from the date of sowing to stable negative temperatures, ° C;

c - row spacing, m;

x - the duration of sowing in days from the beginning of the recommended dates, days;

k ₁ = (0.6-0.8) · 10 ^-3 - coefficient of proportionality, taking into account the varietal qualities of each seed in the accumulation of grain mass, kg · day ² / pc .;

k ₂ = (0.512-0.934) - coefficient of proportionality, taking into account the influence of temperature on the formation of the root system of plants, kg-day / ° C-m ² ;

k ₃ = (7-150) - proportionality coefficient, taking into account the placement of plants on the field surface, kg / m;

Gs - hydrothermal coefficient G.T. Selyaninova (RU, patent No. 2271096. C1 IPC A01G 7/00 (2006.01). A method for predicting the yield of winter grain crops in an arid climate / A.F. Rogachev, AMSaldaev (RU). - Application No. 2004123690/12; Application 2.08 .2004; Published March 10, 2006. Bull. No. 7 // Inventions. Utility models. - 2006. - No. 7).

Safflower plants are a short daylight crop with a short growing season. When cultivated under conditions of rain-fed agriculture and a sufficient supply of nutrients, the climatic conditions primarily exert dyeing on safflower grain.

A known method for predicting the yield of alfalfa seeds when cultivated in irrigated agriculture, including deep plowing with phosphorus-potassium fertilizers and soil herbicides, spring harrowing, sowing the culture with the wide-row method and irrigation in the budding phase with a one-time moistening of the soil to 90-100% lowest moisture up to 1.3-1.5 m with a norm of 1360-1500 m ³ / ha, and after flowering in the soil layer 0-55 cm, the moisture decreases to 50-55%, in the layer 51-100 cm - up to 70-75%, in a layer of 100-150 cm - up to 75-80% of the lowest moisture capacity, in which the average daily soil temperature in the last decade of April and the first decade of May, and the predicted seed yield in the second year of plant life is determined from the expression:

y = k ₁ xt + (k ₂ A + k ₃ · d + k ₄ P) / Gs,

where y is the predicted yield of alfalfa seeds in the second year of plant life, kg / ha;

xt - average soil temperature in the last decade of April - the first decade of May, ° C;

A - seeding rate, pcs / ha;

d - the amount of fertilizer NPK, kg AI / ha;

P - irrigation rate for the growing season, m ³ / ha;

k ₁ - coefficient taking into account the varietal qualities of each alfalfa seed in the formation and accumulation of grain mass, kg / (° C · ha);

k ₂ - coefficient taking into account the influence of temperature on the formation of the root system of plants in the first year of life, kg / (pcs · ha);

k ₃ - coefficient taking into account the reserves of mineral nutrition from the predecessor in the root-inhabited layer, kg / (a.d.kg / ha);

k ₄ - coefficient taking into account the share of natural precipitation in the formation of grain yield, kg / (mm · ha);

Gs - hydrothermal coefficient of T.G. Selyaninov, according to precipitation and the sum of temperatures above + 10 ° C during the life of plants from the beginning to the moment of termination of the growing season

(RU, patent No. 2271651. C1. IPC A01G 7/00 (2006.01). A method for predicting the yield of alfalfa seeds in irrigated agriculture / AF Rogachev, AM Saldaev (RU). - Application No. 2004125485/12; Stated 08/19/2004 ; Published March 20, 2006. Bull. No. 8 // Inventions. Utility models. - 2006. - No. 8).

The described method is acceptable for predicting the yield of legumes, in particular alfalfa seeds, when cultivated under irrigation conditions. However, this method does not take into account the characteristics of the culture of safflower dyeing when cultivated in irrigated and non-irrigated agriculture.

There is a method of assessing the potential productivity of agricultural plants, mainly collection varieties of spring cereal crops, when cultivated in a sharply continental climate, including optimizing the timing, sowing rates and methods of sowing, establishing the sum of average daily temperatures from the time of sowing to the termination of the growing season, establishing seeding rates for the formation of density the state of the stems, the calculation of the hydrothermal coefficient for the period of "sowing harvest" and the definition of the calculation of the planned productivity, in which a standard (zoned) mid-ripening variety, for example, spring wheat Albidum 28, is sown in advance, the optimal seed sowing rate is established, the actual sum of positive temperatures from sowing to the moment of grain formation, the hydrothermal coefficient, and the potential yield of collection variety samples are determined by the formula:

where y is the grain yield, t / ha;

a - coefficient taking into account deviations of seeding rates compared to the standard;

s is the actual sum of positive temperatures from sowing to loading grain of a standard sample, ° C;

Gs - hydrothermal coefficient of standard cultivation conditions, mm / ° C;

Gc.o. - hydrothermal coefficient of the conditions for the growth of variety samples before introduction, mm / ° C;

b - coefficient taking into account soil and climatic conditions;

c - coefficient taking into account the reserves of productive moisture of the soil during the period of “seedlings - the formation of grain” (RU, patent No. 2294091. C1. IPC A01G 7/00 (2006.01). A method for assessing the potential productivity of agricultural plants, mainly collection varieties of spring grain crops, when cultivating in a sharply continental climate / N.V. Tyutyuma, V.P. Zvolinsky, AMSaldaev (RU) - Application No. 2005122736/12; Declared July 18, 2005; Publish. February 27, 2007, Bull. No. 6 // Inventions Useful models. - 2007. - No. 6).

The described method for assessing the potential productivity of agricultural plants does not provide reliability of the results of predicting the seed productivity of a wide range of oil bean crops.

A known method of cultivating safflower, including sowing safflower seeds in saline soil, in which as saline soil use soil containing from 50 to 60 wt.% Saline solonetzic and from 20 to 30 wt.% Saline light chestnut soils, the rest is meadow chestnut soils, while sowing, from 18 to 20 kg of seeds are sown per 1 ha with seed placement with a row spacing of not more than 0.3 m (RU, patent No. 2111185. C1. IPC ⁶ A01B 79/02. Method for cultivating safflower / B .Yu.Dushkov, S.G. Chekalin. - Application No. 99106467/13; Stated April 2, 1999; Publish. November 20, 1999).

A known method for predicting interannual fluctuations in winter wheat productivity, in which they monitor the yield of grain crops in two induced regions associated with stable climatic relations with the forecast region for at least 30 years preceding the forecast year, and according to:

,

,

where y _i , x _i - the productivity of winter wheat in the inducing regions in the first previous forecasted year;

max y, max x - the maximum yield of winter wheat in the corresponding indicating region;

a, b - empirical coefficients characterizing the relationship of fluctuations in the natural conditions of the forecasted region with the indicative (temperature, precipitation, hydrothermal indicators, etc.).

a ∈ [0.2-0.4], b ∈ [0.3-0.8],

predict a rise or fall in yield, if, respectively

sign (Δ) = 1 or sign (Δ) = - 1

(RU, Application No. 2005114095. A. IPC A01G 7/00 (2006/01) Method for predicting interannual fluctuations in winter wheat productivity / IB Zagaytov (RU), L.P. Yanovsky (RU). - Claimed 11.05.2005 ; Published on November 20, 2006 // Inventions. Utility Models. - 2006 - No. 32).

The disadvantages of the described method in relation to the problem we are solving are the prediction of the yield of green mass and oil seeds of safflower dyeing after germination - the inability to predict the yield of green mass of safflower and oil seeds due to the lack of data on the main factors.

We have accepted this method as the closest analogue.

The essence of the claimed invention is as follows.

The problem to which the claimed invention is directed is predicting the seed productivity of safflower dyeing during introduction in the southeast of the European part of the Russian Federation.

EFFECT: increased reliability of the results of forecasting green mass of seed productivity of promising varieties of safflower dyeing.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known method for evaluating the potential yield of vegetative mass of safflower dyeing according to the first embodiment for green fodder, including optimizing harvesting times, setting the sum of average daily temperatures from sowing to the “branching” phase and the amount of precipitation, calculating the hydrothermal coefficient for the period the appearance of the first two to three true leaves before the phase of "budding" and the determination by calculation of the yield of green mass, according to the invention, in time after twenty days after full germination and the next ten days at the level of the daily surface of the field cut stalks of dyeing with an area of 1 m ² in triplicate, and the predicted yield of green mass by the end of the phase of "budding" is calculated by the formula:

where y is the predicted yield of green mass, kg / ha;

M ₂ - the average mass of vegetative shoots with an area of 1 m ² after 30 days after complete germination, g;

M ₁ - the average mass of vegetative shoots with an area of 1 m ² after 20 days after complete germination, g;

G _np - hydrothermal coefficient of growing conditions from the time of sowing to the phase of "budding" in the previous period, mm / ° C;

G _m - hydrothermal coefficient of vegetation conditions in the forecast year from the time of full germination to the phase of "branching", mm / ° C;

α - coefficient taking into account the available moisture reserves in the layer 0-0.3 m during the growing season;

ω - coefficient taking into account the heat supply of plants during the growing season, ° C / day;

d ₁ - coefficient taking into account the effect of nutrient reserves in the soil;

d ₂ - coefficient taking into account the influence of NPK fertilizers applied on the formation of green mass;

B - coefficient taking into account the varietal qualities of safflower plants for the formation and accumulation of green mass;

P - vegetation period from sowing to the flowering phase, day;

Σt - accumulated temperature above 5 ° C, ° C

The specified technical result according to the second embodiment is achieved by the fact that in the known method for assessing the potential yield of seeds of safflower dyeing, including optimizing the harvesting time of the baskets, setting the sum of the average daily temperatures from sowing to the phase of “budding” and the amount of precipitation, calculating the hydraulic coefficient for the period of the first two - three true leaves before the phase of "budding" and determination by calculation of seed yield, according to the invention, in the phase of "branching" of safflower plants cr the number of stems on an area of 1 m ² and branches of the first order is established in five-fold repetitive control plots, the number of buds on the branches of the first order is calculated in the “budding” phase, and the predicted yield of safflower seeds is calculated by the formula:

where Q is the predicted yield of seeds of safflower dyeing, kg / ha;

n is the average number of plants in five control plots in the phase of "branching", pcs / m ² ;

b - the number of branches of the first order on one stem, pcs / stem;

k is the average number of buds on one branch, pcs .;

Z _c - the average number of seeds in one basket, pcs .;

m _c - weight of 1000 achenes, g;

G _np - hydrothermal coefficient of growing conditions from the time of sowing to the phase "full ripeness of seeds in baskets" in the previous period, mm / ° C;

G _m - hydrothermal coefficient of vegetation conditions in the forecast year from the moment of appearance of two or three true leaves to the “budding” phase, mm / ° C;

η is the fruiting coefficient, taking into account the number of full seeds to the total weight in the basket;

α - coefficient taking into account the available soil moisture in the layer 0-0.3 m during the growing season;

β - coefficient taking into account adverse weather effects;

τ - coefficient taking into account damage to achenes in baskets of agricultural pests and pathogenic microflora;

ω - coefficient taking into account the heat supply of plants during the growing season, ° C / day;

α - coefficient taking into account the illumination of crops due to deviation of the seeding rate;

d ₁ - coefficient taking into account the effect of NPK fertilizers applied on the formation of green mass;

d ₂ - coefficient taking into account the effect of nutrient reserves in the soil on the yield of achenes;

d ₃ - coefficient taking into account the illumination of crops due to deviation of the seeding rate compared to the standard or variety sample before introduction;

A - coefficient of proportionality, taking into account the influence of macro- and microelements on the accumulation of mass of seeds and sowing qualities, kg / ha;

T - coefficient taking into account the period of sowing oil seed.

Information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed invention are as follows.

A method for assessing the potential yield of vegetative mass of safflower of dyeing varieties Tashkent 51 (standard) and Kamyshinsky 73, zoned for the Volgograd region, for green fodder includes optimizing harvesting times with the highest nutritional values of green fodder based on the data of the weather station in Volgograd (Volgograd State Agricultural Agricultural Organization academy "), the establishment of the sum of average daily temperatures from sowing to the" branching "phase and the amount of precipitation, the calculation of hydrothermal coe cient (G) G.T.Selyaninova period for occurrence of the first two to three true leaves up phase "budding" and definition calculation yields green mass.

The seeds of safflower dyeing both varieties Tashkent 51 and Kamyshinsky 73 are sown in the first ten days of April at a soil temperature in the layer of 0-0.10 cm not more than + 5 ° C. In the period after twenty days after the emergence of full shoots (green lines throughout the field with a pitch of 0.7 m) and the next ten days at the level of the day surface of the field with crops of safflower dyeing cut stems from areas of 1 m ² in triplicate. Green mass from plots is weighed on a laboratory balance with an accuracy of 1 g.

The projected yield of green mass by the end of the phase of "budding" before the mass flowering of baskets is calculated by the formula:

where y is the predicted yield of green mass by the period of mass mowing by rotary mowers (KIR-1.5 B) or forage harvesters (E-301, E-302, KSK-100 "Polesie", etc.), kg / ha;

M ₂ - the average mass of vegetative shoots with an area of 1 m ² after 30 days after complete germination, g;

M ₁ - the average mass of vegetative shoots with an area of 1 m ² after 20 days after complete germination, g;

G _np - hydrothermal coefficient of growing conditions from the time of sowing to the phase of "budding" in the previous period, mm / ° C;

G _m - hydrothermal coefficient of vegetation conditions in the forecast year from the time of full germination to the phase of "branching", mm / ° C;

α - coefficient taking into account the available moisture reserves in the layer 0-0.3 m during the growing season;

ω - coefficient taking into account the heat supply of plants during the growing season, ° C / day;

d ₁ - coefficient taking into account the effect of nutrient reserves in the soil;

d ₂ - coefficient taking into account the influence of NPK fertilizers applied on the formation of green mass;

B - coefficient taking into account the varietal qualities of safflower plants for the formation and accumulation of green mass;

P - vegetation period from sowing to the flowering phase, day;

Σt - accumulated temperature above 5 ° C, ° C

For comparison and obtaining comparable results in the pre-irrigation period, herbicides are added to the prepared soil to suppress weeds. This ensures equal conditions for plant growth during the "sowing - branching" period, the most difficult stage in the life of plants of introduced varieties of safflower dyeing.

To obtain the planned yield, the calculated doses of phosphorus, potash and nitrogen fertilizers are introduced (kg a.a. / ha). A certain norm of nitrogen fertilizers in irrigated agriculture is introduced with irrigation water as a top dressing, and in non-irrigated (rainfed) agriculture - with inter-row weeding and loosening. The necessary trace elements Mo, B, Co, Zn, Cu are introduced by spraying safflower plants during the “branching - budding” period. Sowing safflower seeds is carried out by design standards at a soil temperature in the layer of 0-0.10 cm not higher than 5 ° C. Vegetative irrigation is carried out by irrigation norms (m ³ / ha) to maintain soil moisture in a layer of 0-0.3 m not lower than 70-80% of the lowest moisture capacity (HB). Plant protection from agricultural pests are carried out by spraying dissolved in water with authorized means and preparations.

The predicted productivity of the vegetative mass is calculated by the formula (1).

The forecast error (in%) is established by calculation:

where Δ is the forecast error,%;

y is the predicted yield established by the above formula, kg / ha;

Q _fact - the yield of green mass from the control plots after mowing, kg / ha (g / m ² ).

Example 1. We give an example of calculating the predicted yield of green mass of safflower of the dyeing variety Tashkent 51 when cultivated on the experimental field of Gornaya Polyana State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education Volgograd State Agricultural Academy in 2006, 2007 and 2008. Estimated seeding rate of 250 thousand plants per hectare. The seeding rate was corrected for seed germination (96 ... 97%) and loss of plants (7 ... 8%) during harrowing before and after germination, (3-5%) - during cultivation of row-spacings. The sowing depth is 6 cm. The row spacing is 0.7 m. For each 1 linear meter, 20.6 seeds were sown, i.e. the step of placing plants in each row is 5 cm. The sowing time in 2006 was April 4, in 2007 it was April 8, and in 2008 it was April 2. The sowing is carried out by the mounted seeder SN-16 PM with the placement of disc coulters on the 70 cm row spacing. Disc coulters are equipped with restrictive flanges. Type of sowing apparatus - pin, for sowing medium-sized seeds. Before and after sowing, the experimental field was rolled up with smooth water filling and ring-spur rollers 3 KVG-1,4 (3 KVG-2,0) and 3 KKSh-6A.

Safflower seeds of the Tashkent 51 dyeing variety were purchased at the Kinelsky State Breeding Experimental Station (Kinel, Samara Region).

The hydrothermal coefficient of growing conditions G _np from the time of sowing to the “budding” phase in the previous period (according to the weather station FSEI HPE “Samara State Agricultural Academy) in 2006, 2007 and 2008 amounted to 1.26 mm / ° С; 1.18 mm / ° C, 1.31 mm / ° C, respectively.

The hydrothermal coefficient of vegetation conditions in the forecast year from the time of sowing to the “branching” phase (according to the weather station of the Volgograd State Agricultural Academy) was 0.86 mm / ° С in 2006, 2007 and 2008; 0.73 mm / ° C; 0.68 mm / ° C, respectively.

The value of the coefficient α, taking into account the reserves of productive (available) moisture in the root-inhabited layer of 0-0.3 m during the growing season, is set at horizons of 0-0.1 m; 0.1-0.2 m; 0.2-0.3 m, according to the actual soil moisture in the thermo-weighted way when sowing in the “branching” phase.

The coefficient α in 2006, 2007 and 2008 amounted to 0.37; 0.42; 0.29 respectively.

Phenological observations of the growth of safflower plants of the Tashkent 51 dyeing variety showed that during the vegetation period of plants from the time of sowing to the “flowering” phase in 2006 it was 218 days, in 2007 - 236 days, and in 2008 - 227 days. The value of the coefficient ω for the indicated years was 10.6; 11.4; 12.6 ° C / day, respectively. The sum of positive temperatures Σt> 5 ° С in 2006 reached 1867 ° С, in 2007 - 2171 ° С, in 2008 - 1948 ° С.

The values of the coefficients d ₁ and d ₂ according to the years of research (2006-2008) taking into account soil analyzes of plots are shown in columns 10 and 11 of table 1.

The value of coefficient B, taking into account the varietal qualities of safflower of the Tashkent 51 dyeing variety, introduced into the economy in 1929, is equal to B = 1.12 on the basis of numerous literature data and the state network of variety testing plots.

The average mowed green mass from three control plots after 20 and 30 days of full seedlings is shown by numerical data in columns 2 and 3 of table 1.

The actual yield (kg / ha) of green mass of safflower plants with fully formed baskets in 2006, 2007 and 2008 is shown in column 14 of table 1.

The projected yield of green mass, calculated by the formula (1) based on the refinement coefficients, is shown by numerical data in column 13 of table 1.

The forecast error made by the calculation according to formula (3) is presented in column 15 of table 1.

The average error in the forecast of the expected green mass of safflower of the dyeing variety Tashkent 51 as the green mass does not exceed 6.8%, which is acceptable for the forecast in agriculture.

Example 2. Table 2 shows the calculated experimental data on the forecast of the yield of green mass of the zoned varieties Kamyshinsky 73 for green feed for cattle according to the averaged data of 2006-2008. Safflower varieties Kamyshinsky 73 bred at the Kamyshinsky experimental agricultural station, now part of the GNU Nizhny-Volzhsky Research Institute of Agriculture of the Russian Agricultural Academy. Plots with sowing seeds of safflower varieties Kamyshinsky 73 were made on the same experimental field without irrigation. The seeding rate is 250 thousand germinating seeds of 1 ha. A mandatory list of technological operations is regulated by the recommendations for the cultivation of safflower in the conditions of the Lower Volga. Table 2 shows the actual and forecasted yields of green mass of safflower of the dyeing variety Kamyshinsky 73 and the magnitude of the errors in the forecasts. The above data testify in favor of the claimed method for assessing the potential productivity of the vegetative mass of safflower dyeing on green fodder.

A method for assessing the potential yield of seeds of safflower dyeing involves optimizing the harvesting time of the baskets, setting the sum of the average daily temperatures from sowing to the budding phase and the amount of precipitation, calculating the hydrothermal coefficient for the period when the first two or three true leaves appear before the budding phase and determining the seed productivity.

To establish the potential yield of safflower seeds on crops created in the early spring period in the phase of "branching" of plants on control plots in five repetitions without damaging the stems and branches, the number of stems (c) on an area of 1 m ² and the number of branches (b) are established. The results of miscalculations are recorded in the field journal. In the "budding" phase on the same plots, the number of buds (k) on the first-order branches is specified.

The predicted yield of safflower seeds of the tested varieties Milyutinsky 114 and Astrakhansky 747 is calculated by the formula:

where Q is the predicted yield of seeds of safflower dyeing, kg / ha;

n is the average number of plants in five control plots in the phase of "branching", pcs / m ² ;

b - the number of branches of the first order on one stem, pcs / stem;

k is the average number of buds on one branch, pcs .;

Z _c - the average number of seeds in one basket, pcs .;

m _c - weight of 1000 achenes, g;

G _np - hydrothermal coefficient of growing conditions from the time of sowing to the phase "full ripeness of seeds in baskets" in the previous period, mm / ° C;

G _m - hydrothermal coefficient of vegetation conditions in the forecast year from the moment of appearance of two or three true leaves to the “budding” phase, mm / ° C;

η is the fruiting coefficient, taking into account the number of full seeds to the total weight in the basket;

α - coefficient taking into account the available soil moisture in the layer 0-0.3 m during the growing season;

β - coefficient taking into account adverse weather effects;

τ - coefficient taking into account damage to achenes in baskets of agricultural pests and pathogenic microflora;

ω - coefficient taking into account the heat supply of plants during the growing season, ° C / day;

d ₁ - coefficient taking into account the effect of NPK fertilizers applied on the formation of green mass;

d ₂ - coefficient taking into account the effect of nutrient reserves in the soil on the yield of achenes;

d ₃ - coefficient taking into account the illumination of crops due to deviation of the seeding rate compared to the standard or variety sample before introduction;

A - coefficient of proportionality, taking into account the influence of macro- and microelements on the accumulation of mass of seeds and sowing qualities, kg / ha;

T - coefficient taking into account the period of sowing oil seed.

Example 3. Safflower dyeing varieties Milyutinsky 114 zoned in the Russian Federation in 1945. Safflower seeds of the Milyutinsky 114 variety for the purpose of testing were purchased at the Donskoy zonal experimental agricultural station. The values of the coefficients G _np for 2006, 2007 and 2008 are established on the basis of the agroclimatic directory of the Rostov region.

The average number of plants over the years to the “branching” period was established by calculation on plots with an area of 1 m ² at the established rate of sowing 300,000 germinating seeds per hectare. The actual number of plants is shown in the 1st row of table 3.

The number of branches of the first order is established by calculation in the phase of "branching", because during this period there are no 2nd order branches on the stems of safflower. These data are shown by numerical data in the 2nd row of table 3.

The average number of buds on one branch of the 1st order was established by calculation on 10 branches in the phase of "budding". Buds on branches of the 2nd order, as a rule, do not give full-fledged achenes.

The average number of full buds on one branch is shown in the 3rd row of table 3.

The average number of seeds in one basket and the weight of 1000 seeds were established on the basis of variety descriptions, exploratory experiments and refined by the results of field experiments in 2006, 2007 and 2008. This data is shown on lines 4 and 5.

The hydrothermal coefficient of vegetation conditions in the forecast year from the moment of the first two or three leaves to the “budding” phase was established on the basis of meteorological data of the Volgograd State Agricultural Station. These data are shown in the 7th row of table 3.

The value of the fruiting coefficient of the seeds in the basket is established on the basis of experimental data. The coefficient η is the ratio of full-weight achenes to their total number. For this, safflower seeds, isolated from one basket, are placed in Petri dishes and germinated. The value of the coefficient η is affected by the number of sunny days during the flowering period of the baskets, the absence of rainfall and the presence of pollinating insects, including and bees. These data are shown in row 8 of table 3.

Safflower dye is responsive to irrigation and the yield of achenes depends on the available moisture reserves. The coefficient α shows that the moisture supply in safflower crops in 2006 was 37%, in 2007 - 42%, and in 2008 only 29% (see line 9 of table 3).

Coefficient β takes into account adverse weather effects on seedlings, stem growth, branching, budding, flowering, pouring seeds in baskets and ripening of seeds in baskets. The value of the coefficient β is shown by the data in row 10 of table 3.

The coefficient τ takes into account damage to the seeds of safflower of the dyeing variety Milyutinsky 114 s.-kh. pests (safflower fly, moth) and pathogenic microflora. These data are reflected in the 11th row in table 3.

In the Volgograd region, the number of sunny days (insolation) and the sum of positive temperatures are enough for the full formation of the vegetative and grain parts. The values of the coefficients ω ₁ are shown in row 12 of table 3.

Safflower plants are responsive to mineral nutrition and micronutrient supplementation. Mineral nutrition reserves from the soil have a significant impact on the growth and development of safflower plants. Coefficients d ₁ , d ₂ and d ₃ show the share of NPK, mineral reserves in the soil and trace elements Mo, Bo, Co, Cu, Zn contributed to the formation of baskets and oil seed. This data is shown on lines 13, 14, 15 and 16.

Coefficient T reflects the sowing season of safflower: winter, winter, early spring. In winter sowing, safflower seed yield is 117 ... 126% compared with spring sowing, 102 ... 110% in winter sowing, and only 85 ... 87% in spring sowing (see row 18 of Table 3).

Based on the data obtained, the values of the predicted yields Q of safflower seeds of the dyeing variety Milyutinsky 114 in 2006-2008 were obtained. These data are shown in row 19 of table 3. The actual yield of safflower seeds based on the threshing of boxes on a laboratory thresher is shown in row 20, and the forecast error Δ is in row 21 of table 3.

The data presented show that the forecast error does not exceed 11%, which is acceptable for forecast estimates in agriculture.

Example 4. The variety of safflower dyeing Tashkent 747 was bred at the State Scientific Institution of the Caspian Research Institute of Arid Agriculture RAAS. Table 4 shows the main information on the yield of oilseeds of safflower of the dyeing variety Astrakhansky 747. The magnitude of the forecast error on the yield of oilseeds on average does not exceed 6.5%.

Thus, the information presented proves the possibility of achieving the technical result indicated by the applicant.

Table 3 The calculated and experimental data on the yield of oil seeds of safflower of the dyeing variety Milyutinsky 114 (according to averaged data from 2006-2008) No. p / p Name of indicator Symbol Dimension Years of research Three years on average 2006 2007 2008 one 2 3 four 5 6 7 8 one The average number of plants in five control plots in the phase of "branching" n pcs / m ² 28.6 25,4 27.9 27.3 2 The number of branches of the first order on one stem b pcs / stalk 11.6 12,4 13,4 12,4 3 The average number of buds on one branch k PC. 3.87 4.02 3.32 3.73 four The average number of seeds in one basket Z _c PC. 23.7 22.1 19.6 21.8 5 Weight 1000 seeds m _c g 38.6 37,4 39.2 38,4 6 Hydrothermal coefficient of growing conditions from the time of sowing to the phase "full ripeness of achenes" G _np mm / ° C 1.12 1,03 1.36 1.30 7 The hydrothermal coefficient of vegetation conditions in the forecast year from the moment the first leaves appear to the budding phase G _t mm / ° C 0.68 0.47 0.53 0.56 8 Fruit bearing coefficient of seeds in a basket η - 0.63 0.71 0.58 0.64 9 Coefficient taking into account the reserves of available soil moisture in the layer 0-0.3 m during the growing season ₤ - 0.37 0.42 0.29 0.36 10 Adverse weather factor β - 0.82 0.91 0.71 0.81 eleven Coefficient taking into account damage to achenes in baskets of agricultural pests τ - 0,086 0,091 0,077 0,084 12 Coefficient taking into account the heat supply of plants ω ₁ - 1.06 1.14 1.26 1.15 13 Coefficient taking into account the effect of applied mineral fertilizers on the formation of achenes d ₁ - 0.96 0.87 0.98 0.93 fourteen Coefficient taking into account the effect of nutrients in the soil on the yield of achenes d ₂ - 0.31 0, coefficient taking into account 0.26 0.33 fifteen Coefficient taking into account the availability of safflower microelements d ₃ - 0.15 0.18 0.16 0.16 16 Coefficient taking into account the illumination of crops due to deviation of the seeding rate a - 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 17 Proportionality coefficient taking into account the influence of macro- and microelements on sowing qualities A - 0.2570 0.1588 0.3213 0.2457 eighteen Coefficient taking into account the sowing period T - 0.87 0.87 0.87 0.87 19 Predicted achene yield Q kg / ha 1163 1320 1368 1283 twenty Actual oil seed yield Q _fact. kg / ha 1067 1183 1217 1155 21 Forecast error Δ % 8.97 11.63 12.46 11.02

Table 4 The calculated and experimental data on the yield of oilseeds of safflower of the dyeing variety Astrakhansky 747 (according to averaged data from 2006-2008) No. p / p Name of indicator Symbol Dimension Years of research Three years on average 2006 2007 2008 one 2 3 four 5 6 7 8 one The average number of plants in five control plots in the phase of "branching" n pcs / m ² 30,2 29.8 31.8 30.6 2 The number of branches of the first order on one stem b pcs / stalk 16,4 15.8 17,2 16,4 3 The average number of buds on one branch k PC. 4.17 4.45 4.27 4.29 four The average number of seeds in one basket Z _c PC. 46,4 51,2 43.9 47.1 5 Weight 1000 seeds m _c g 49.6 50,2 48.7 49.5 6 Hydrothermal coefficient of growing conditions from the time of sowing to the phase "full ripeness of achenes" G _np mm / ° C 0.21 0.27 0.24 0.24 7 The hydrothermal coefficient of vegetation conditions in the forecast year from the moment the first leaves appear to the budding phase G _t mm / ° C 0.68 0.47 0.53 0.56 8 Fruit bearing coefficient of seeds in a basket η - 0.87 0.93 0.91 0.90 9 Coefficient taking into account the reserves of available soil moisture in the layer 0-0.3 m during the growing season Ј - 0.37 0.42 0.29 0.36 10 Adverse weather factor β - 0.71 0.86 0.63 0.73 eleven Coefficient taking into account damage to achenes in baskets of agricultural pests τ - 0,095 0,093 0,081 0,089 12 Coefficient taking into account the heat supply of plants ω ₁ - 1.06 1,144 1.26 1.15 13 Coefficient taking into account the effect of applied mineral fertilizers on the formation of achenes d ₁ - 0.96 0.87 0.98 0.93 fourteen Coefficient taking into account the effect of nutrients in the soil on the yield of achenes d ₂ - 0.31 0.42 0.26 0.33 fifteen Coefficient taking into account the availability of safflower microelements d ₃ - 0.15 0.18 0.16 0.16 16 Coefficient taking into account the illumination of crops due to deviation of the seeding rate a - 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 17 Proportionality coefficient taking into account the influence of macro- and microelements on sowing qualities A - 0.4309 0.1296 0.3585 0.2723 eighteen Coefficient taking into account the sowing period T - 0.87 0.87 0.87 0.87 19 Predicted achene yield Q kg / ha 1752 1796 1955 1834 twenty Actual oil seed yield Q _fact. kg / ha 1642 1712 1812 1722 21 Forecast error Δ % 6.73 4.92 7.92 6.52

Claims (1)

A method for assessing the potential yield of vegetative mass of safflower dyeing on green fodder, including optimizing harvesting time, setting the sum of average daily temperatures from sowing to the “branching” phase and the amount of precipitation, calculating the hydrothermal coefficient for the period when two or three true leaves appear before the “budding” phase and determination by calculation of the yield of green mass, characterized in that in the period after twenty days after full germination and the next ten days at the level of the daily surface field and stems are cut with safflower area of 1 m ² in triplicate, and the predicted yield of green mass by the end of "budding" phase is calculated by the formula

where y is the predicted yield of green mass, kg / ha;
M ₂ - the average mass of vegetative shoots with an area of 1 m ² after 30 days after complete germination, g;
M ₁ - the average mass of vegetative shoots with an area of 1 m ² after 20 days after complete germination, g;
G _np - hydrothermal coefficient of growing conditions from the time of sowing to the phase of "budding" in the previous period, mm / ° C;
G _m - hydrothermal coefficient of vegetation conditions in the forecast year from the time of full germination to the phase of "branching", mm / ° С;
α - coefficient taking into account the available moisture reserves in the layer 0-0.3 m during the growing season;
ω - coefficient taking into account the heat supply of plants during the growing season, ° С / day;
d ₁ - coefficient taking into account the effect of nutrient reserves in the soil;
d ₂ - coefficient taking into account the influence of NPK fertilizers applied on the formation of green mass;
B - coefficient taking into account the varietal qualities of safflower plants for the formation and accumulation of green mass;
P - vegetation period from sowing to the flowering phase, day;
∑t is the sum of the accumulated temperatures above 5 ° С, ° С.