RU2419039C1 - Method to heat and inject current-conducting fluid, device for its realisation and heat-generating plant - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to methods and technical facilities for heating and injection of current-conducting fluids (CCF) and may be used in power engineering, in devices designed to pump and inject CCF in heating and hot water supply systems of buildings and structures, in various production processes, machines and plants. Method to heat and inject CCF is carried out with the help of a tight electrode heating chamber and includes transmission of AC current between a zero and a phase electrodes via CCF with heating of the latter until it boils, displacement of the heated fluid from the chamber into an injection line via an outlet check valve under action of steam pressure, steam condensation with underpressure development in the chamber and filling of the latter via an inlet check valve under action of the specified underpressure. At the same time the current transmission through the liquid is interrupted in process of displacement and is recommenced in process of the chamber filling as the lowering and rising level of CCF passes through the level of the chamber working cavity, which is arranged at the height h relative to the bottom, which makes 0.7-1.0 of height H of the specified working cavity, and a reversing heat exchange is developed in the chamber between CCF and the bottom, in accordance with which, in process of current transmission via CCF, the heat from CCF is transferred to the bottom and is accumulated in the latter, and after the specified interruption in the current transmission, the heat from the bottom is transferred to CCF. The specified reversing heat exchange is carried out with supply of some heat to the bottom, which is sufficient to maintain CCF temperature at the chamber bottom not less than the temperature of the specified fluid boiling. Besides, in the bottom part of the chamber, between the bottom of the latter and lower ends of phase electrodes, a zone of intense electric heating of CCF is created. Device to heat and inject CCF comprises a heating chamber arranged with the possibility to ensure above-specified intermittent mode of current transmission via CCF. Besides, the heating chamber is made with provision of reversing heat exchange. At the same time a "fluid-fluid" type heat exchanger is used with a heating fluid circuit and a heated fluid circuit, connected to a heat-consuming device.

EFFECT: reduced power inputs to heat and inject CCF, elimination of chances of steam supply into injection line and provision of the possibility to efficiently use the entire working space of the heating chamber with reduction of height and weight of the latter.

26 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of energy, and in particular to methods and technical means for heating and forcing conductive fluids, and can be used in electrode steam pumps (heart rate monitors) designed for pumping and forcing conductive fluids in heating and hot water supply systems, in various production processes, in particular, in chemical production, as well as in various machines and installations for special purposes.

The invention also relates to a power system, in particular to heat-generating plants, and can be used in heating and hot water supply of buildings and structures, as well as in various production processes, machines and plants.

A known method of heating and injection of a conductive fluid using an electrode sealed heating chamber with inlet and outlet check valves, including heating the source conductive fluid to a boil with the formation of steam above the conductive fluid, displacing the heated conductive fluid into the discharge line through the outlet of the specified chamber and the exhaust check valve under the influence of the pressure of the specified pair with the power off of the electrodes of the heating chamber after being displaced from after days of liquid, condensation of steam with the formation of a vacuum in the heating chamber and filling of the source of conductive fluid from the line of its supply to the heating chamber through the inlet of the last and inlet check valve under the influence of the specified vacuum, and the above-mentioned heating of the source of conductive fluid is carried out by passing electric current through it, passing between the electrodes of the heating chamber, while controlling the on and off power of these electrodes is carried out at using a control electrode located in the heating chamber, which is performed with the possibility of adjusting the level of its inlet and outlet openings relative to the bottom of said chamber (USSR author's certificate No. 1532776, IPC 4 F24H 1/20, F04F 1/04, publ. 12/30/1989).

The disadvantage of this method is the difficulty of controlling the working electrodes and the difficulty of controlling the temperature and flow rate of the liquid in the discharge line.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed method is adopted as a prototype method of heating and injection of conductive liquids, such as water, using a sealed electrode heating chamber with a vertical or close to vertical tubular body, inlet and outlet check valves, zero electrode and at least , one internal phase electrode, including passing an alternating electric current between the zero and phase electrodes through located in the heating chambers f conductive fluid with heating of the latter to a boil with the formation of steam over the conductive fluid, displacement of the heated conductive fluid from the heating chamber to the discharge line through the outlet check valve under the influence of steam pressure, condensation of steam in the heating chamber with the formation of vacuum in the latter and filling the heating chamber with conductive fluid through the inlet check valve under the influence of the specified vacuum (USSR author's certificate No. 1820046, IPC 5 F04F 1/04, publ. June 7, 1993).

In this method, an electric current is constantly passed through the entire volume of the conductive fluid filling the heating chamber, which increases the specific cost of electricity for heating and injection of conductive fluid per unit volume of the heated fluid entering the discharge line. However, inherent in the known method, the simultaneous heating to the boil of the entire conductive fluid in the heating chamber requires a long time, which leads to an increase in the duration of each cycle of heating and injection of the conductive fluid and, accordingly, to a decrease in the frequency of such cycles and a related decrease in the volumetric supply heated fluid in the discharge line. These disadvantages reduce the efficiency of the process of heating and injection of a conductive fluid by a known method.

A device for implementing the method of heating and injection of conductive fluid containing filled with conductive fluid sealed electrode heating chamber with a vertical housing, bottom, cover, phase, zero and control electrodes connected to its lower part with the supply line of the source conductive fluid through a vertical inlet pipe and inlet non-return valve and with a discharge line of heated conductive fluid - through the vertical outlet pipe and the outlet valve, the upper ends of said nozzles are located above the bottom of the heating chamber, which is adapted to adjust the level of the upper ends of said pipes with respect to its bottom (Inventor's Certificate USSR the above № 1,532,776).

A disadvantage of the known device is the complexity of its design and the resulting low reliability.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed device is a device adopted for the prototype for heating and injection of conductive liquid, for example water, containing a sealed electrode heating chamber filled with conductive liquid with a vertical or close to a vertical tubular body, bottom, cover, at least one inner a phase electrode and an outlet, connected by its upper part through the inlet check valve to the supply line of the source conductive fluid, and the lower part - through its outlet and outlet check valve with a discharge line of heated conductive fluid, while the housing at the heating chamber serves as a zero electrode (USSR author's certificate No. 1820046 mentioned above).

In this device, the phase electrode passes along the entire height of the heating chamber, which leads to the following disadvantages of the prototype. The process of heating the liquid in this device is carried out simultaneously in the entire volume of the conductive liquid filling the working cavity of the heating chamber, which requires a lot of time to heat the liquid to the boiling point necessary to start vaporization and subsequent displacement of the liquid from the heating chamber into the discharge line. The low heating rate of the liquid, in turn, leads to a low frequency of operating cycles in the heating chamber and, accordingly, a low volumetric flow of heated liquid to the discharge line (i.e., low productivity of the device as a pump), which limits the scope of the known device. However, in the prototype, an electric current is constantly passed through the conductive fluid until the process of displacing the fluid from the heating chamber to the discharge line. At the same time, both the low rate of heating the liquid to the boiling point and the constant transmission of electric current through the liquid increase the specific cost of electricity for heating and injection of the conductive fluid per unit volume of the heated fluid entering the discharge line, which reduces the efficiency and, accordingly, the efficiency known device. In addition, the installation of the phase electrode to the entire height of the heating chamber with a tight passage of the specified electrode through the lid and the bottom of the heating chamber complicates the design and manufacture of the device and increases its weight and cost. At the same time, the possibility of violating the tightness of the bottom of the heating chamber at the place where the phase electrode passes through it is not ruled out, which reduces the reliability of the device. However, in the prototype, the outlet of the heating chamber is located above its bottom at a considerable distance from the latter, which reduces the reliability of the known device, since it creates the possibility of steam from the heating chamber to the discharge line. As a result of condensation of the steam breaking into the discharge line, the latter causes an undesirable pulsation of the pressure of the conductive fluid, which disrupts the normal operation of the device.

A common disadvantage of the known methods of heating and injection of a conductive fluid and known devices for heating and injection of a conductive fluid are also large losses of heat released into the environment through the structural elements of the heating chamber, in particular through its body, bottom and cover. These heat losses lead to irrational energy costs for heating and pumping a conductive fluid, reducing the efficiency and, accordingly, the efficiency of the device for heating and pumping a conductive fluid.

Known heat-generating installation for space heating, containing a flow-through heating chamber with a vertical cylindrical body serving as a zero electrode, a longitudinal phase electrode installed in the specified body, a supply line of the source conductive fluid serving as a coolant, and a discharge line of a heated coolant, the first of which is connected to the exit, and the second to the input of the heat-consuming device (patent RU No. 2133918, IPC F24D 3/08, F24D 13/04, publ. 07.27.1999).

In the known installation, convective heat transfer is used, which causes large heat losses along the path of the heated fluid from the heating chamber to the heat consuming device due to the low convective flow rate of the fluid, which leads to unproductive energy costs that go to additional heating of the fluid in the heating chamber, compensating for these heat losses to ensure the input to the input of the heat-consuming device fluid with a given temperature. With an increase in the distance between the heating chamber generating the heated liquid and the heat-consuming device, these heat losses increase, and with them the indicated unproductive energy costs increase, which forces one to limit the specified distance, and therefore the scope of the known installation is also limited. At the same time, the use of convective heat transfer in a known installation requires maintaining a predetermined slope of pipelines connecting the heating chamber with the outlet and inlet of a heat-consuming device, which cannot always be practically realized, for example, due to the geometry of the room or for some other reasons. This fact also limits the scope of the known installation.

Closest to the claimed installation, the technical essence is the heat-generating installation adopted for the prototype, mainly for heating, containing a heat exchanger and a device for heating and pumping a conductive fluid, for example water, with a supply line of the source conductive fluid, the input of which is connected to the output of the heat exchanger, and a discharge line heated conductive fluid, the output of which is connected to the inlet of the heat exchanger, while the device for heating and forcing the current-carrying fluid the driving fluid is made in the form of a sealed electrode heating chamber filled with a conductive fluid with a vertical tubular housing serving as a zero electrode, a bottom, a cover, and a phase electrode mounted longitudinally with respect to the latter inside the said housing. The lower end of the phase electrode is located above the bottom of the heating chamber, and the outlet of the latter is located near the lower end of the phase electrode and away from the bottom of the heating chamber, which is connected by its upper part through the inlet check valve to the supply line of the initial conductive fluid, and the lower part through the outlet non-return valve with a discharge line of heated conductive fluid (USSR author's certificate No. 1751619, IPC 5 F24H 1/20, publ. 30.07.1992).

In this installation, during the displacement of the conductive fluid from the heating chamber after lowering the fluid level to the level of the lower end of the phase electrode, the current flow through the fluid in the heating chamber ceases, and along with this, the heating of the fluid ceases, as a result of which vaporization and displacement of the fluid from the heating chamber to discharge line. At the same time, in the bottom zone of the heating chamber below the phase electrode, the unplaced part of the heated liquid remains, and therefore, the indicated zone of the heating chamber is an inoperative zone, and the energy used to heat the unplaced part of the liquid remaining in the bottom zone of the heating chamber is , in essence, unproductive (unhelpful) costs and relate to losses that reduce the efficiency of work and, accordingly, the efficiency of a known heat-generating installation. At the same time, the location of the outlet of the heating chamber near the lower end of the phase electrode and at a distance from the bottom of the specified chamber reduces the reliability of the heat-generating installation, since it creates the possibility of breakthrough steam from the heating chamber to the discharge line when the voltage on the electrodes of the heating chamber rises above a predetermined value / or the magnitude of the current between them. As a result of condensation of the steam breaking into the discharge line, the latter causes an undesirable pulsation of the pressure of the conductive fluid, which disrupts the normal operation of the installation. The likelihood of steam breakthrough from the heating chamber to the discharge line increases with increasing rate of liquid displacement from the heating chamber, in connection with which the known installation can function normally only at a low frequency of operating cycles occurring in the heating chamber, and accordingly, with a low volumetric flow of liquid into the discharge line , which limits the scope of the known installation. In addition, the presence of a non-working zone in the bottom part of the heating chamber leads to an irrational increase in the height and mass of the latter and, accordingly, to an increase in the overall dimensions and mass of the installation, as well as to a decrease in one of the main indicators of the plant’s performance - the ratio of the volumetric supply of heated conductive fluid in the line discharge to the height and weight of the installation. Another disadvantage of the heat-generating installation adopted for the prototype is the large loss of heat released into the environment through the structural elements of its heating chamber, in particular through the body, bottom and cover of the latter. These heat losses lead to irrational energy costs for heating and pumping a conductive fluid, reducing the efficiency and, accordingly, the efficiency of the heat generating installation.

The objective of the present invention is to increase the efficiency of the process of heating and injection of a conductive fluid and to increase the efficiency and reliability of the device for heating and injection of a conductive fluid and to ensure thereby increasing the efficiency and reliability of the heat generating installation in which the specified device is used, while reducing weight and dimensions specified installation.

The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that in the method of heating and injection of conductive liquid, for example water, using a sealed electrode heating chamber with a vertical or close to vertical tubular body, inlet and outlet check valves, a zero electrode and at least one internal phase an electrode, including passing an alternating electric current between the zero and phase electrodes through a conductive liquid located in the working cavity of the heating chamber heating the latter to a boil with the formation of steam over the conductive fluid, displacing the heated conductive fluid from the heating chamber to the discharge line through the exhaust check valve under the influence of steam pressure, condensation of steam in the heating chamber to form a vacuum in the latter and filling the heating chamber with conductive fluid through the inlet reverse the valve under the influence of the specified vacuum, according to paragraph 1 of the claims, the passage of electric current through a conductive fluid the awn is stopped in the process of displacing the conductive fluid and is resumed in the process of filling the heating chamber when the level of the working chamber of the heating chamber is located at a height relative to the bottom of the heating chamber, which is 0.7-1.0 of the height of the specified working cavity, respectively passing through the lowering and rising level of the conductive fluid, while in the heating chamber create a reversible heat exchange between the conductive liquid and the bottom of the specified chamber, in accordance with which in the process All electric current passing through the conductive liquid, heat from the specified liquid is transferred to the bottom of the heating chamber and accumulates in the latter, and after the indicated termination of the electric current passing, heat from the bottom of the heating chamber is transferred to the conductive liquid, and the specified reverse heat exchange is carried out with the supply to the bottom of the heating chamber from an external source of thermal energy, the amount of heat sufficient to maintain the temperature of the conductive fluid during giving heat to it from the bottom of the heating chamber is not lower than the boiling point of the specified liquid, and further displacing the conductive liquid from the heating chamber into the discharge line after the said cessation of transmission of electric current through it is carried out using the energy of the vapor pressure generated above the conductive liquid due to the specified temperature the latter, while the reverse heat exchange is carried out with minimal energy costs of the specified external source of thermal energy, for which operate the bottom heating chamber of a massive material with high specific heat and high thermal conductivity.

The mass of the bottom of the heating chamber is set in accordance with the expression

M _d > [(1 + k) (Sh-V _e ) ρc _w / s- (1-k) M _k ] / (1-k + Δt ₂ / Δt ₁ ),

where M _d - the mass of the bottom of the heating chamber;

k is the heat loss coefficient determined theoretically and / or experimentally, taking into account the amount of heat lost as a result of its dissipation during heat exchange between the conductive fluid and the structural elements of the heating chamber;

S is the cross-sectional area of the working cavity of the heating chamber;

h is the height of the column of conductive fluid in the working cavity of the heating chamber at the time of termination of the passage of electric current through the conductive fluid;

V _e - the volume of phase electrodes and parts of their electrode holders located in the conductive fluid at the time of termination of the passage of electric current through the conductive fluid;

ρ, with _w - respectively, the density and specific heat of the used conductive liquid;

C is the specific heat of the metal from which the bottom, body, cover, phase electrodes and electrode holders of the heating chamber are made;

M _to - the total mass of the housing, cover, phase electrodes and electrode holders of the heating chamber;

Δt ₁ - the magnitude of the temperature change in the heating chamber 1;

Δt ₂ - the magnitude of the change in temperature of the bottom of the heating chamber when it is heated from an external source of thermal energy to maintain the temperature of the conductive liquid not lower than its boiling point.

In addition, in the bottom part of the heating chamber between the bottom of the last and lower ends of the phase electrodes create a zone of intense electric heating of the conductive liquid, for which the bottom of the heating chamber is used as a zero electrode, and the phase electrodes are placed in the heating chamber so that the lower ends of these electrodes are facing to the bottom of the heating chamber, while the phase electrodes are performed with a total area S _{e of the} surface of their lower ends, selected from the condition 0.4≤S _e / 8≤0.9, and the distance h _e between the lower ends of the phase electrodes and the bottom of the heating chamber is set from the condition 0.10≤h _e / H≤0.35, where N is the height of the working cavity of the heating chamber, and the heating chamber is made with a cylindrical shape of its working cavity, the height of H and whose diameter d corresponds to the condition l, 0 <H / d <2.0.

Moreover, in the discharge line after the exhaust check valve in the direction of the conductive fluid and near the specified valve, hydraulic back-up is created by throttling the flow of conductive fluid to ensure that the conductive fluid in the heating chamber is expelled from the injection chamber to the steam pressure line, which is sufficient in magnitude for the indicated displacement of conductive fluid.

The solution to this problem is also achieved by the fact that in a device for heating and injecting a conductive liquid, for example water, containing a sealed electrode heating chamber filled with a conductive liquid with a vertical or close to a vertical tubular body, a bottom, a cover, and at least one inner electrode a phase electrode and an outlet, connected by its upper part through the inlet check valve to the supply line of the initial conductive fluid, and the lower part is black without its outlet and outlet check valve with a discharge line of heated conductive fluid, according to paragraph 5 of the invention, the electrodes of the heating chamber are provided with a power and control unit, and the heating chamber is equipped with a level sensor of conductive liquid installed in its upper part at a height relative to the bottom of the heating chamber, component 0.7-1.0 of the height of the working cavity of the latter, and connected by its output to the input of the specified power supply and control unit, which is configured to switching and turning on the power of the phase electrodes upon receipt of a signal from the level sensor about the passage of the level of the conductive liquid of the specified sensor, respectively, when the conductive fluid is displaced from the heating chamber and when the last conductive fluid is filled, while the heating chamber is configured to allow reverse heat exchange between the conductive fluid and the bottom of the heating chambers with heat transfer from the conductive fluid to the bottom of the heating chamber during the flow scan of the electric current through the conductive fluid until the specified phase power is turned off and the heat is transferred in the opposite direction - from the bottom of the heating chamber to the conductive liquid with a further lowering of the level of the latter after the specified power failure of the phase electrodes, and the bottom of the heating chamber is massive of material with a high specific heat capacity and high thermal conductivity and is equipped with an external source of thermal energy, preferably made in the form of electron a holder mounted on the outer surface of the specified bottom, preferably from the lower side of the latter, the mass of the bottom of the heating chamber and the specific heat of the material used for its manufacture, as well as the thermal power of the specified external source of thermal energy, being set to allow transmission from the bottom of the heating chamber to the conductive liquid the amount of heat sufficient to maintain the temperature of the specified liquid is not lower than its boiling point after the said shutdown power supply of phase electrodes with minimal energy consumption of the specified external source of thermal energy.

The mass of the bottom of the heating chamber is set in accordance with the expression

M _d > [(1 + k) (Sh-V _e ) ρc _w / s- (1-k) M _k ] / (1-k + Δt ₂ / Δt ₁ ),

where M _d - the mass of the bottom of the heating chamber;

k is the heat loss coefficient determined theoretically and / or experimentally, taking into account the amount of heat lost as a result of its dissipation during heat exchange between the conductive fluid and the structural elements of the heating chamber;

S is the cross-sectional area of the working cavity of the heating chamber;

h is the height of the column of conductive fluid in the working cavity of the heating chamber at the time of the aforementioned power failure of the phase electrodes;

V _e - the volume of the phase electrodes and parts of their electrode holders located in the conductive liquid at the time the level sensor is triggered to turn off the power of the phase electrodes;

ρ, with _w - respectively, the density and specific heat of the used conductive liquid;

C is the specific heat of the metal from which the bottom, body, cover, phase electrodes and electrode holders of the heating chamber are made;

M _to - the total mass of the housing, cover, phase electrodes and electrode holders of the heating chamber;

Δt ₁ - the magnitude of the temperature change in the heating chamber 1;

Δt ₂ - the magnitude of the change in temperature of the bottom of the heating chamber when it is heated from an external source of thermal energy to maintain the temperature of the conductive liquid not lower than its boiling point.

In addition, the heating chamber is configured to create in its bottom part a zone of intense electric heating of the conductive liquid located between the bottom of the heating chamber and the lower ends of the phase electrodes, for which the bottom of the heating chamber serves as a zero electrode, and the phase electrodes are placed in the heating chamber so that the lower ends of these electrodes are facing the bottom of the heating chamber, while the total surface area S _{e of the} surface of the lower ends of the phase electrodes is selected from condition 0 , 4≤S _e / S≤0.9, and the distance h _e between the lower ends of the phase electrodes and the bottom of the heating chamber is specified from the condition 0.10≤h _e ≤H≤0.35, where N is the height of the working cavity of the heating chamber, moreover, the heating chamber is made with a cylindrical shape of its working cavity, the height H and diameter d of which correspond to the condition 1.0 <H / d <2.0.

In this case, a booster throttle can be installed in the discharge line, located after the outlet check valve in the direction of the conductive fluid and close to the specified valve and made with a cross section tapering in the direction of the conductive fluid, while the hydraulic resistance of the retaining throttle is set to maintain the heating chamber in the process of displacing conductive fluid from it into the steam pressure injection line, sufficient in magnitude to indicate nnogo displacement conductive liquid.

When performing the specified external source of thermal energy in the form of an electric heater, the latter can be connected to its power source through a control thermostat, while a temperature sensor is installed on the bottom of the heating chamber, the output of which is connected to the input of the specified thermostat.

In addition, the outlet of the heating chamber is expediently made in the bottom of the latter, preferably on the axis of said chamber, or in the housing of the latter, adjacent to the bottom of the heating chamber.

The heating chamber can be equipped with a heat-insulating casing, and the exhaust check valve can be made with the force of its opening, adjustable depending on the magnitude of the hydraulic resistance of the discharge line.

The inner surface of the bottom of the heating chamber can be made conical with the apex of the cone facing downward, while the outlet of the heating chamber and the conical surface of its bottom can be made preferably coaxially with each other and with the housing of the heating chamber.

The outlet check valve can be placed in the bottom of the heating chamber, preferably coaxially with the outlet of the latter, with the possibility of overlapping the outlet of the specified opening.

When performing a heating chamber with one phase electrode, it is advisable to arrange the latter coaxially to the housing of the heating chamber, and when performing a heating chamber with two or more phase electrodes, it is advisable to place the latter evenly throughout the volume of the heating chamber and with equal distance from the housing of the latter.

The solution of the problem in relation to the invention regarding a heat generating installation is achieved by the fact that in a heat generating installation intended primarily for heating and comprising a heat exchanger and a device for heating and pumping a conductive liquid, for example water, with a supply line for the source conductive liquid, the input of which is connected to the output the heat exchanger, and the discharge line of the heated conductive fluid, the output of which is connected to the inlet of the heat exchanger, according to paragraph 16 of the claims I have a device for heating and injecting a conductive fluid according to any one of claims 5-15, and the heat exchanger uses a liquid-liquid type heat exchanger with a heating circuit and a heated medium circuit connected to a heat-consuming device equipped with a hot coolant supply line and a line cold coolant outlet, while the heat exchanger at the heat exchanger is connected with its input and output, respectively, to the output of the said discharge line and to the input of the said supply line liquid fluid, and the circuit of the heated medium is connected with its input and output, respectively, to the cold coolant drain line from the heat-consuming device and the hot coolant supply line to the heat-consuming device.

In this case, the installation can be equipped with an accumulating tank with a gas cavity and a hydraulic cavity separated from the latter by means of a movable separator, which is located above the gas cavity and connected at its upper level through a vertically located channel to the aforementioned line for supplying the initial conductive fluid close to the inlet check valve of the aforementioned devices for heating and injection of conductive fluid, while the movable separator of the storage capacity can be made in the form embrany, or piston, or bellows.

In addition, the installation can be equipped with a device for automatic gas removal, including a self-acting check valve, the input of which is connected to the internal cavity of the heating chamber of the device for heating and injection of conductive fluid at the upper level of the specified cavity, and an automatic gas vent connected to the output of the specified check valve by its inlet , which contains a horizontally located saddle with a hole for the passage of conductive fluid and a shutter mounted under the specified saddle ohm with the possibility of closing the last hole, while the mass, geometric shape and dimensions of the specified shutter are selected so as to ensure the open position of the specified valve when air or gaseous products come from the heating chamber.

The installation can also be equipped with a device for automatically feeding coolant, made in the form of a hydraulic accumulator, and a pressure stabilization device through which the device for automatically feeding coolant is connected to the aforementioned line for supplying an initial conductive fluid, while the pressure stabilization device can be made, preferably, in the form of a bypass valve with the ability to maintain a given pressure in the specified line.

In addition, the installation can be equipped with a safety valve connected to the internal cavity of the heating chamber and configured for a given maximum pressure in the specified cavity, as well as a safety valve connected to the discharge line and configured for a given maximum pressure in the latter.

The installation can also be equipped with a sludge trap installed in the aforementioned line of injection of conductive fluid, and at the upper points of the said supply line of the source of conductive fluid can be installed automatic gas vents.

At the same time, temperature sensors can be installed at the inlet of the aforementioned line for supplying the initial conductive fluid to the line of supplying the hot coolant to the heat-consuming device, the outputs of which are connected to the aforementioned power and control unit, configured to turn off the power of the phase electrodes of the heating chamber when the temperature of the initial conductive fluid increases at the input of the supply line of the latter to the aforementioned heating chamber or the temperature of the hot coolant in the supply line of the last one to the heat-consuming device is higher than the specified maximum value and with the possibility of subsequent switching on the power of the phase electrodes of the heating chamber after lowering the specified temperature of the initial conductive liquid and hot coolant to the specified minimum value. With this installation, a temperature sensor can be installed in a room heated by a heat-consuming device, the output of which is connected to the aforementioned power and control unit, configured to turn off the power of the phase electrodes of the heating chamber when the air temperature in the specified room rises above a predetermined maximum value and with the possibility of subsequent power-up of the phase electrodes of the heating chamber after lowering the specified air temperature to a predetermined minimum value. In addition, with such an installation, both with and without the temperature sensor in the aforementioned room, the installation can be equipped with a small-sized autonomous power source for the phase electrodes of the heating chamber, connected to the power supply and control unit and designed for a given operating time of the heating chamber in case of sudden disconnecting the power supply of the main power source of these electrodes.

The technical result obtained by the practical use of the invention is to reduce the cost of electricity for heating and injection of conductive fluid, provided by the intermittent power supply of the phase electrodes of the heating chamber with the termination and resumption of transmission of electric current through the conductive fluid, respectively, at the beginning of its displacement from the heating chamber and the end of the filling of the heating chamber with conductive liquid, as well as by performing the bottom of the heating massive chambers made of a material with high specific heat and high thermal conductivity and creating a process of reverse heat exchange between the conductive fluid and the bottom of the specified chamber in the heating chamber with the amount of heat sufficient to maintain the temperature in the conductive fluid at least not lower than the external low-power source of thermal energy boiling point of the specified liquid, and with the provision of further displacement of the conductive liquid from the heating chambers s after the mentioned cessation of transmission of electric current through it only with the help of the energy of the vapor pressure generated above the conductive liquid due to the specified temperature maintenance of the latter. The exclusion of electric heating of the conductive fluid during its displacement from the heating chamber after the cessation of transmission of electric current through the fluid provides the specified reduction in energy costs. At the same time, the technical result is an increase in the volumetric supply of heated liquid to the discharge line (i.e., the productivity of the device as a pump), which is ensured by creating in the bottom part of the heating chamber between the bottom of the last and lower ends of the phase electrodes a zone of intense electric heating of the conductive liquid, which allows reduce the time of heating the liquid to the boiling point necessary to start vaporization and the subsequent displacement of the liquid from the heating chamber to the discharge line, which, in turn, allows you to increase the frequency of duty cycles in the heating chamber and, accordingly, the specified volumetric flow of heated fluid into the discharge line. The increase in the volumetric supply of heated liquid at the device outlet (in the discharge line) is also ensured by the effective use of the entire working volume of the heating chamber in it, which is achieved by providing the possibility of displacing the conductive fluid from the entire working cavity of the heating chamber. At the same time, an increase in the volumetric supply of heated fluid to the discharge line expands the scope of the device and, at the same time, reduces the specific cost of electricity for heating and pumping conductive fluid per unit volume (for example, 1 m ³ ) of heated fluid coming from the heating chamber into discharge line. In addition, the reduction in the cost of electricity for heating and injecting conductive fluid is also achieved by eliminating the inherent in the prototype of the claimed device of irrational expenditures of electric energy for heating and injecting conductive fluid lost due to the loss of heat leaving in the device known from the prior art into the environment through the walls of the heating chamber.

The specified reduction in the cost of electricity for heating and injection of conductive fluid, achieved through the use of intermittent transmission of electric current through the conductive fluid, creating a reversible heat transfer process between the conductive fluid and the bottom of the specified chamber in the heating chamber with the supply of heat to the bottom of the heating chamber from an external source of thermal energy to maintain the temperature of the conductive fluid not lower than its boiling point, as well as by creating constant part of the heating zone an intensive electric heating chamber of conductive liquid and exclusion of heat leak through the heating chamber wall into the environment, according to the calculated data may be not less than 20% of the electricity consumption, which occur in the prior art of the claimed device. This provides a significant increase in the efficiency of the process of heating and injection of a conductive fluid and an increase in the operating efficiency and, accordingly, the efficiency of a device for heating and injection of a conductive fluid, thereby increasing the efficiency and efficiency of a heat generating installation in which the said device is the main working body.

Another technical result is the elimination of the need for a place in the prototype of the claimed device for installing electrodes to the entire height of the heating chamber with a tight passage of the phase electrode through the cover and bottom of the heating chamber, which simplifies the design and manufacture of the device and reduces its weight and cost. This increases the reliability of the device by eliminating the inherent prototype of the possibility of violation of the tightness of the bottom of the heating chamber at the passage through it of a phase electrode. In addition, the technical result is the exclusion during operation of the device for heating and injection of conductive fluid, the possibility of steam entering the discharge line of the heated conductive fluid and the elimination of the associated undesired pressure pulsation in the specified line, thereby also improving the reliability of the specified device and, accordingly, increasing the reliability of the heat generating installation.

The implementation of the heat-generating installation with a non-contact liquid-liquid heat exchanger equipped with a heating circuit and a circuit of a heated medium allows the installation to work with heating the conductive liquid in the working cavity of the heating chamber to a high temperature of about 150-200 ° C, providing a high efficiency of the installation, and allows you to connect with the installation of various heat-consuming devices, the operation of which requires the supply of a coolant with a significantly lower temperature - about 70-90 ° FROM.

Providing the heat-generating installation with a device for automatically feeding coolant, a device for automatic gas removal, a pressure stabilization device, safety valves and a sludge trap enables efficient, safe and reliable operation of the installation in automatic mode without the presence of maintenance personnel. At the same time, supplying the installation with a power and control unit and temperature sensors makes it possible to optimize the energy costs of the installation by automatically maintaining the set temperature of the coolant in the supply line of the source conductive fluid, and / or at the inlet of the heat-consuming device, and / or air temperature in a room heated by this heat-consuming device. In addition, supplying the installation with a small-sized autonomous power source, designed for a given time of operation of the heating chamber, provides the possibility of operation of the installation during the specified time in the event of a sudden outage of the main power supply of the working electrodes of the heating chamber.

The claimed device for heating and injecting a conductive fluid is used to implement the claimed method of heating and injecting a conductive fluid, the method and device of the present invention, taken together, form a single inventive concept, since they are aimed at solving the same problem - increasing the efficiency of the heating process and injection of conductive fluid and increase the efficiency and reliability of the device for heating and injection of conductive fluid and allow to obtain about the same technical result is a reduction in the cost of electricity for heating and pumping a conductive fluid. In this regard, the specified method and device meet the requirement of the unity of the invention.

However, the claimed device is used as part of the whole in the claimed heat-generating installation and at the same time forms, together with the latter, a single inventive concept, since the use of the claimed device in the said installation gives the latter positive technical qualities incorporated in the claimed device, namely: increasing efficiency and reliability the operation of the proposed installation by increasing the efficiency and reliability of the work included in it as part of the whole claimed device, as well as lower ix mass and dimensions of the installation claimed by reducing the weight and dimensions of the inventive device. In this regard, the specified device and installation also meet the requirement of unity of invention.

The prior art does not know the method of heating and injection of a conductive fluid and the device that implements this method, containing features identical to all the features contained in the independent claims 1 and 5 of the claims characterizing the claimed method and the claimed device. In addition, the prior art unknown heat-generating installation containing features identical to all the features contained in the independent claim 16 of the claims characterizing the claimed installation. In this regard, the invention meets the condition of patentability "novelty."

The prior art also does not know the method of heating and injection of conductive fluid and the device that implements this method, having features that match the distinctive features contained in the independent claims 1 and 5 of the claims. In addition, from the prior art, a heat generating installation is unknown, having features that match the distinctive features contained in the independent claim 16 of the claims characterizing the claimed installation. In this regard, the invention meets the condition of patentability "inventive step".

The claimed group of inventions also meets the condition of patentability "industrial applicability", since the inventions included in it can be used in the energy sector and other technical fields, and the present description contains an indication of the purpose of each of these inventions, each of which is fully described in the present description sufficient for the implementation of the invention, and in the implementation of each independent invention of the indicated group in accordance with any of the relevant invention To the claims, it is possible to realize the purpose of the invention indicated in the description.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which depict:

- figure 1 is a General view of a device for heating and injection of conductive fluid;

- figure 2 is an embodiment of the lower part of the heating chamber of the device with a discharge valve integrated in the bottom;

- figure 3 is a General view of a heat generating installation;

- figure 4 is a section aa in figure 3;

- figure 5 is a device for automatic gas removal.

According to the invention, a device for heating and injecting a conductive fluid comprises a sealed electrode heating chamber 1 (FIG. 1) with an internal working cavity 2 filled with a conductive fluid, for example water, a tubular body 3 installed in a vertical or close to vertical position, the bottom 4, a lid 5, the outlet 6, the zero electrode 7 and one or more phase electrodes 8. The zero electrode 7 is equipped with a zero terminal 9 connected to ground (not shown), and each of the phase electrodes Ovs 8 is installed inside the housing 3 and mounted on a longitudinal electrode holder 10, equipped with a phase terminal 11 and an insulating sleeve 12. The heating chamber 1 is connected with its upper part through the inlet check valve 13 to the line 14 for supplying the initial conductive fluid, and the lower part through the outlet 6 and an exhaust check valve 15 with a discharge line 16 for the heated conductive fluid. To ensure complete displacement of the conductive fluid from the working cavity 2, the outlet 6 of the heating chamber 1 is made in the bottom 4 of the latter (FIGS. 2, 3), preferably on the axis of the chamber 1, or in the housing 3 of the latter (FIG. 1) adjacent to the bottom 4 heating chamber 1. The cover 5 may be made of durable and heat-resistant dielectric material or of metal.

To reduce the cost of electricity for heating and injection of conductive fluid, the heating chamber 1 is configured to intermittently power the phase electrodes 8, for which the electrodes 7 and 8 are equipped with a power supply and control unit 17, to which the zero 9 and phase 11 terminals of the indicated electrodes are connected, and the heating chamber 1 is equipped with a sensor 18 of a level of conductive fluid installed in its upper part at a height h relative to the bottom 4, comprising 0.7-1.0 height H of the working cavity 2 of the heating chamber 1, and p connected by its output to the input of the power supply and control unit 17. At the same time, the power supply and control unit 17 is configured to turn off and turn on the power of the phase electrodes 8 when a signal is received from the level sensor 18 indicating that the level of the conductive liquid passes the specified sensor, respectively, when the conductive liquid is forced out of the heating chamber 1 and when filling with the last conductive fluid. At the same time, the power supply and control unit 17 is configured to supply the phase electrodes 8 with alternating electric current and can have one working phase “A” at its output (Fig. 3) - when one or several phase electrodes are installed in the heating chamber 1, 8 s single-phase power supply or three working phases “A”, “B” and “C” - when three or more phase electrodes 8 with three-phase power supply are installed in the heating chamber 1.

In order to reduce the cost of electricity for feeding the phase electrodes 8, it is recommended to increase the installation height h of the level sensor 18 relative to the bottom 4 up to the value h = H, at which the level sensor 18 is installed in the cover 5 of the heating chamber 1 or in the upper end part of the housing 3, which ensures maximum reduction of the indicated energy costs. In this case, the minimum value of the indicated height h is set equal to 0.7 of the height In the working cavity 2, taking into account the fact that, when the height h decreases below 0.7 N, the energy consumption for feeding the phase electrodes 8 sharply increases without a significant increase in the temperature of the conductive liquid and / or its bulk feed to the discharge line 16.

In the heating chamber 1, structural measures are provided that allow the conductive fluid to be displaced from the working cavity 2 in the absence of electrical heating of the conductive fluid, which takes place after the level sensor 18 is activated to turn off the power of the phase electrodes 8. For this, the heating chamber 1 is designed to allow reverse heat exchange between the conductive liquid and bottom 4 with the transfer of heat from the conductive liquid to the bottom 4 in the process of passing an electric current through t conductive liquid until the level 18 sensor trips to turn off the power of the phase electrodes 8 and transfers heat in the opposite direction - from the bottom 4 to the conductive liquid when the level drops last after the level 18 sensor goes off to turn off the power of the phase electrodes 8. At the same time, the bottom 4 is equipped with an external a source of thermal energy 19, the thermal power of which is several times less than the thermal power generated by passing current between the electrodes 7 and 8. The source 19 is preferably made in de flat electric heater mounted on the outer surface of the bottom 4 preferably from the bottom side of the latter. To ensure that energy costs for operating an external heat source can be minimized 19, the bottom 4 is made massive of a material with high specific heat capacity and high thermal conductivity, and the mass of the bottom 4 when designing the device is set to the maximum possible value, based on the specified overall and weight parameters of the device. The mass of the bottom 4 and the specific heat of the material used for its manufacture, as well as the thermal power of the external heat source 19 are set on the basis of calculated and / or experimental data with the possibility of transferring from the bottom 4 to the conductive liquid enough heat to maintain the temperature of the specified liquid is not lower than its boiling point after the level sensor 18 is triggered to turn off the power of the phase electrodes 8 at the minimum energy consumption of the heat source 19 ii.

To enable reversible heat transfer in the heating chamber 1 at the moment of stopping the passage of current through the conductive fluid, corresponding to the actuation of the level sensor 18 to turn off the power of the phase electrodes 8, the amount of heat in the bottom 4, necessary to ensure reverse heat transfer with subsequent transfer of heat from the bottom 4 to conductive fluid must exceed the amount of heat in the conductive fluid. This condition has the following mathematical expression:

where Q _d is the amount of heat accumulated in the bottom 4 until the level sensor 18 responds to power off the phase electrodes 8;

Q _to - the amount of heat accumulated in the housing 3, the cover 5, the phase electrodes 8 and their electrode holders 10 until the level sensor 18 responds to power off the phase electrodes 8;

q is the amount of heat received by the bottom 4 from an external source of thermal energy 19 to maintain the temperature of the conductive fluid not lower than its boiling point;

Q _W - the amount of heat in the conductive fluid at the moment of operation of the level sensor 18 to turn off the power of the phase electrodes 8;

k is the heat loss coefficient determined theoretically and / or experimentally, taking into account the amount of heat lost as a result of its dissipation in the process of heat exchange between the conductive fluid and the structural elements of the heating chamber 1. According to the calculated data, the value of k ranges from 0.01-0.05 in depending on the degree of thermal insulation of the heating chamber 1.

After the disclosure of the parameters Q _d , Q _k , q and Q _W expression (1) takes the following form:

where c is the specific heat of the metal from which the housing 3, the bottom 4, the cover 5, the phase electrodes 8 and the electrode holders 10 of the heating chamber 1 are made;

M _d - the mass of the bottom 4 of the heating chamber 1;

Δt ₁ - the magnitude of the temperature change in the heating chamber 1;

M _to - the total mass of the housing 3, cover 5, phase electrodes 8 and electrode holders 10 of the heating chamber 1;

Δt ₂ - the magnitude of the change in temperature of the bottom of the heating chamber when it is heated from an external source of thermal energy to maintain the temperature of the conductive fluid not lower than its boiling point;

with _w - the specific heat of the used conductive fluid;

M _W - the mass of conductive fluid located in the working cavity 2 at the time of the level sensor 18 to turn off the power of the phase electrodes 8.

The mass of liquid included in expression (2) is determined by the expression

where ρ is the density of the used conductive fluid;

S is the cross-sectional area of the working cavity 2 of the heating chamber 1;

V _e - the volume of the phase electrodes 8 and parts of their electrode holders 10 located in the conductive liquid at the time of the sensor level 18 to turn off the power of the phase electrodes 8.

As follows from the expressions (2) and (3), the set value of the mass of the bottom 4 should correspond to the following condition:

Take, for example, a heating chamber 1 with one axial phase electrode 8 (FIG. 1) having a diameter and a cross-sectional area S of a cavity 2 of 90 mm and 6359 mm ² , respectively, a height H of the working cavity 2 of 170 mm, and a sensor installation height h level 18 relative to the bottom 4, equal to 150 mm, which is 0.88N. The bottom 4 is made of steel with a specific heat capacity of 0.50 kJ / (kg · ° C), and water with a density of 10 ^-6 kg / mm ³ and a specific heat capacity of 4.18 kJ is used as a conductive fluid / (kg ° C). The total mass M _{to the} structural elements of the heating chamber 1 is 5.31 kg, and the volume V _{e of the} phase electrodes 8 and parts of their electrode holders 10 located in the conductive fluid when the level of the latter is at the level of the sensor 18 is 15% of the volume of the conductive fluid corresponding to the specified level of its location (V _e = 0,15Sh). The value of the temperature change Δt ₁ in the heating chamber 1 will be set equal to 135 ° C, and the value of the temperature change Δt _{2 of the} bottom 4 as a result of heating from the source 19 is equal to 20 ° C. Substituting the specified parameters into expression (4) and taking the heat loss coefficient k equal to 0.02, we find the required value of the mass of the bottom 4 for such a heating chamber - M _d > 1.52 kg.

To reduce the cost of electricity for heating and injection of a conductive fluid and to provide the possibility of increasing the volumetric supply of heated conductive fluid to the discharge line 16 within the necessary limits, the heating chamber 1 is configured to create an intensive electrical heating of the conductive fluid in its bottom part between the bottom 4 and the lower ends of the phase electrodes 8. For this, the bottom 4 of the heating chamber 1 serves as the zero electrode 7 together with the housing 3 or without the latter, and znye electrodes 8 are arranged in the heating chamber 1 so that the lower ends of said electrodes facing the bottom 4. In this case, the total surface area S _e of the lower ends of the phase electrodes 8 is selected from the condition 0,4≤S _e / S≤0,9, the distance h _e between the lower ends of the phase electrodes 8 and the bottom 4 is set from the condition 0.10≤h _e / N≤0.35, and the heating chamber 1 is made with a cylindrical shape of its working cavity 2, the height H and diameter d of which correspond to condition 1, 0 <H / d <2.0.

The total area S _{e of the} surface of the lower ends of the phase electrodes 7 is selected from the condition 0.4≤S _e / S≤0.9, taking into account the fact that when S _e <0.4S, the rate of heating of the liquid in the cavity 2 of chamber 1 sharply decreases, and when S _e > 0.9S sharply increases the hydraulic resistance created by the phase electrodes 7 in the path of movement of the heated fluid and steam from the bottom zone 20 of intense electric heating of the conductive fluid to the upper part of the working cavity 2 of the chamber 1, which slows down the heat transfer process between the heated fluid in the zone 20, and colder liquid above the phase electrodes 8, and ultimately also leads to a decrease in the rate of heating of the liquid in the cavity 2 of the chamber 1 and, at the same time, to a decrease in the temperature of the liquid at the outlet of the device in the discharge line 16. In turn, the decrease in the heating rate liquid in the cavity 2 of the chamber 1 increases the time of heating the liquid to a boil and the time of displacement of the liquid from the cavity 2 to the discharge line 16, which leads to a decrease in the frequency of working cycles of displacement of the liquid from the chamber 1 and, accordingly, to a decrease in the volumetric supply of heated liquid a discharge line 16. At the same time, increased fluid heating time and the boiling time and the displacement fluid from the cavity 2 causes an increase in electricity consumption for heating and whipping the conductive liquid. In turn, the indicated decrease in the volumetric supply of heated liquid and an increase in the cost of electricity causes a decrease in the efficiency of the device.

When the distance h _e between the lower ends of the phase electrodes 8 and the bottom 4 of the heating chamber 1 h _e <0.10N, the volume of the zone 20 of intense electric heating of the conductive fluid decreases to an unacceptable value, at which, as with S _e <0.4S, the rate of heating the liquid sharply decreases in the cavity 2 of the chamber 1, which leads to an unacceptable increase in the time of heating the liquid to boiling and the time of displacement of the liquid from the cavity 2 to the discharge line 16 and the associated decrease to an unacceptable level of the frequency of the working cycles of liquid displacement awns from the chamber 1 and therefore to an unacceptable reduction in the bulk supply heated liquid level in the discharge line 16 and increase the cost of electricity for heating and whipping the conductive liquid. However, with a decrease in the specified distance h _e below the value of 0.10N, an electrical breakdown between the electrodes 7 and 8 may occur, which can disrupt the normal operation of the device and disable it. At the same time, it is impractical to increase the indicated distance h _e above the value of 0.35N, since at h> 0.35H the volume of the zone 20 of intensive heating of the conductive fluid increases to an unacceptable value, at which, like h <0.10H, the rate of heating the fluid in the cavity 2 of the chamber 1 decreases, which leads to a decrease in the frequency of the operating cycles in the chamber 1 and the volumetric supply of the heated fluid to the discharge line 16 and an increase in the cost of electricity for heating and pumping the conductive fluid, thereby reducing the efficiency of Ota device.

The height H and the diameter d of the working cavity 2 of the heating chamber 1 are set from the condition 1.0 <H / d <2.0, taking into account that when H / d> 2.0, the replacement time of the cold conductive liquid located in the upper part of the working cavity 2, a hot conductive fluid rising from the zone 20 of intensive heating of the conductive fluid, which, as with S _e > 0.9S, slows down the heat transfer process between the heated fluid in zone 20 and the colder fluid in above the phase electrodes 8, and ultimately dit reduce heating fluid velocity in the working space 2 of the chamber 1 and therefore to reduce the frequency of the working fluid cycles displacement from the chamber 1 and the volumetric flow of the heated liquid in the discharge line 16. When the value of H / d ratio <1.0 h _e height zones 20 intensive heating of the conductive fluid is insufficient in size to organize in the specified area with the required efficiency of the process of intensive heating of the conductive fluid.

To ensure the possibility of creating a vapor pressure in the working cavity 2 that is large enough to displace the conductive fluid into the discharge line 16, as well as to eliminate possible oscillations of the shutter of the exhaust valve 15, a backup throttle 21 is installed in the discharge line 16, located after the exhaust valve 15 in the direction of travel conductive fluid and close to the specified valve. The throttle 21 is made in the form of a jet with a cross section tapering in the direction of movement of the conductive fluid. The taper angle of the tapering part of the throttle 21 and the diameter of the outlet opening next to the tapering part are selected by calculation and / or experimentally with the above-mentioned vapor pressure in the working cavity 2.

To provide the ability to control the amount of heat transferred from the source 19 to the bottom 4, when the external source of thermal energy 19 is in the form of an electric heater, the latter is connected to its power source (for example, to the mains) through the control thermostat 22, which serves to adjust the thermal power of the source 19. The thermostat 22 is equipped with a temperature sensor 23 mounted on the bottom 4 of the heating chamber 1 and connected by its output to the input of the thermostat 22.

The most important structural parameters of the heating chamber 1 for carrying out the invention are the mass of the bottom 4 of the heating chamber 1, the height H and the diameter d of the working cavity 2, the ratio H / d, the height h at which the level sensor 18 is installed relative to the bottom 4, the distance h _e between the lower ends of the phase electrodes 8 and the bottom 4 of the heating chamber 1, the ratio of the total area S _e of the lower ends of the phase electrodes 8 to the cross-sectional area S of the working space 2 of the chamber 1, the conductive liquid accommodating volume zones 20, intense electric heating the entire volume of the working space 2 of the heating chamber 1, accommodating an electrically conductive liquid, the wall thickness of casing 3, bottom 4 and the cover 5 of the heating chamber 1 and the value of the specific heat of the material from which the housing 3, the bottom 4 and the lid 5.

The indicated design parameters of the heating chamber 1, as well as the magnitude of the opening force of the exhaust valve 15, the thermal power of the heat source 19, the voltage on the electrodes 7 and 8 of the heating chamber 1, and the magnitude of the current between the indicated electrodes are set to allow boiling of the conductive liquid after shutdown power supply of the phase electrodes 8 when the level sensor 18 is triggered with the formation in the cavity 2 above the conductive liquid of steam with a pressure sufficient for the distance further displacement by the indicated steam of the conductive fluid from the working cavity 2 to the discharge line 16 at a given temperature and electrical conductivity of the initial conductive fluid coming from line 14 to the chamber 1 and hydraulic resistance to the flow of the heated conductive fluid exerted from the discharge line 16. However, in order to increase the efficiency and, accordingly, the efficiency of the device by reducing the cost of electricity for heating and injection of conductive fluid, the value of the conductive type of conductive fluid, the specific heat of the material from which the bottom 4, the housing 3 and the cover 5 of the heating chamber 1 are made, the hydraulic resistance of the outlet 6 of the heating chamber 1, the exhaust valve 15, the throttle 21 and the discharge line 16, the magnitude of the opening force of the exhaust valve 15 and above the geometrical parameters of the heating chamber 1, including the distance S _e between the lower ends of the phase electrode 4 and the bottom 8 of the chamber 1 are set to provide a predetermined temperature by calculation and / or d the appearance and / or volumetric supply of conductive fluid in the discharge line 16 with minimal energy consumption for heating the conductive fluid in the working cavity 2 of the heating chamber 1 and for pumping the specified fluid from the cavity 2 into the discharge line 16 at a given hydraulic resistance to the flow of the heated conductive fluid, provided from the side of the discharge line 16. For the same purpose, the heating chamber 1 is equipped with a heat-insulating casing 24, which reduces heat leakage through the walls of the chamber 1 into the surroundings I do.

In order to maintain the required operational efficiency of the device when changing the hydraulic resistance to the flow of heated conductive fluid provided from the discharge line 16, which may occur, for example, when the number of consumers of heated conductive fluid connected to the discharge line 16 changes, the exhaust valve 15 can be made with adjustable within the specified limits the force of its opening. For this, the valve 15 can be made with the possibility of adjusting the preload of its spring 25 (Fig.2) due to the axial movement of the support 26 of the latter using a rotating handle 27 connected by an axis 28 to a support 26, while the axis 28 has a threaded connection with the lower part the housing 29 of the valve 15 and is equipped with a locking lock nut 30.

To reduce hydraulic resistance to the flow of conductive fluid during the displacement of the latter from the heating chamber 1 into the outlet 6, the inner surface 31 (FIG. 2) of the bottom 4 can be made conical with the top of the cone facing downward, with the outlet 6 of the heating chamber 1 and the conical surface 31 the bottoms 4 are made coaxially with each other and with the housing 3 of the heating chamber 1. In this case, the exhaust valve 15 can be placed in the bottom 4 preferably coaxially with the outlet 6, with the possibility of overlapping them in 6 hole course.

To increase the reliability and durability of the device, the electrodes 7 and 8 are made of stainless steel or any other electrically conductive material that is resistant to various types of aggressive conductive fluids and to all types of electrocorrosion (especially to intergranular corrosion), and the insulating sleeves 12 of the electrode holders 10 are made of dielectric structural material resistant to aggressive liquids and high temperature, for example from fluoroplastic, polycrystalline polymers (floor efirefirketon - tekapik) used at high temperatures (up to 300 ° C), etc.

When performing the heating chamber 1 with one phase electrode 8 (Fig. 1), the latter is located coaxially to the housing 3 of the heating chamber 1, and when the heating chamber 1 is equipped with two or more phase electrodes 8, the latter are placed uniformly throughout the volume of the heating chamber 1 (Fig. 3) , 4) and are equidistant from its housing 3. In this case, the housing 3 of the heating chamber 1 can be made cylindrical or with a different geometric shape. For example, the housing 3 may be made with a cross section in the form of an ellipse, or a triangle, or a rectangle, or a polygon (not shown). However, the shape of the lower ends of the phase electrodes 8 may also be different, for example, round, ellipse, triangular, rectangular, polygonal, etc.

The described device for heating and pumping a conductive fluid can be used for its intended purpose in the heat generating installation shown in Fig. 3, intended primarily for heating systems. According to the invention, said installation comprises the above-described device for heating and forcing a conductive liquid, for example water, connected by lines 14 and 16 to a heat exchanger 32, to which a heat-consuming device 33 is also connected, made, for example, in the form of one or more heating radiators, boilers, heating -ventilation apparatus, underfloor heating, etc. and provided with a hot coolant supply line 34 and a cold coolant exhaust line 35.

To enable the installation to work with heating the conductive liquid in the working cavity 2 to a high temperature of about 150-200 ° C, which ensures high efficiency of the installation, while ensuring that it is possible to connect a heat-consuming device 33 to the discharge line 16, the operation of which requires a coolant supply with a significantly lower temperature - about 70-90 ° C, the heat exchanger 32 is made in the form of a dual-circuit non-contact liquid-liquid heat exchanger (for example, in the form of a surface heat exchanger countercurrent heat exchanger) with a heating circuit 36 and a heated medium circuit 37. Moreover, the heating medium circuit 36 is connected by its input 38 and output 39 to lines 16 and 14, respectively, and the heated medium circuit (for example, water) 37 is connected by its input 40 and output 41 to lines 35 and 34, respectively.

The installation is equipped with a storage tank 42 with a gas cavity 43 and separated from it by means of a movable separator 44, a hydraulic cavity 45, filled with a coolant in the form of a conductive fluid. In this case, the hydraulic cavity 45 is located above the gas cavity 43 and is connected at its upper level through a vertically located channel 46 to the line 14 for supplying the source conductive fluid close to the inlet check valve 13 of the said device for heating and forcing the conductive fluid, and the movable separator 44 of the storage tank 42 made in the form of a membrane, or a piston, or a bellows.

The installation is equipped with a device 47 for automatic gas removal, including a self-acting check valve 48 (figure 5), the input of which is connected to the inner cavity 2 of the heating chamber 1 of the device for heating and injection of conductive fluid at the upper level of the cavity 2, and an automatic gas vent 49 connected to its input to the outlet of the non-return valve 48. The valve 48 contains a horizontally located seat 50 with an opening 51 for the passage of gaseous products removed from the working cavity 2 of the chamber 1, and a shutter 52 mounted on a saddle 50 with the possibility of overlapping the opening 51 of the latter, while the mass, geometric shape and dimensions of the shutter 52 are selected so as to ensure that the valve 48 is open when air or gaseous products enter it from the cavity 2 of the heating chamber 1. The gas vent 49 is located at the minimum possible distance from valve 48 and is configured to allow gaseous products to pass through it in only one direction — from the exit of valve 48 to the exit of the venting device 49 and does not allow penetration of ithout air therethrough into the cavity 2 of the chamber 1 upon the occurrence of a vacuum in the cavity 2.

The installation is also equipped with a device 53 made in the form of a hydraulic accumulator for automatically feeding the circulation circuit of the installation with a coolant in the form of a conductive liquid. The device 53 is connected to line 14 through a pressure stabilization device 54, made in the form of a bypass valve (pressure reducer) with the ability to maintain a given pressure in line 14 due to the bypass of fluid from line 14 to a drain line (not shown). In order to exclude pressure surges in the installation cavity 2 of the chamber 1 and in the line 14, the pressure relief valve 55 is connected to the cavity 2 and the pressure relief valve 56 is connected to the line 14, while valves 55 and 56 are set to the specified maximum pressure in the cavity 2, respectively and in line 14 and are connected by their outlets to a drain line (not shown). The installation is also equipped with a sludge trap 57, installed after the retaining throttle 21 in the direction of the fluid in line 16, and to enable removal of gaseous products released from the conductive fluid during its heating and throttling through the hydraulic resistances encountered in the path of the fluid, the installation is equipped with automatic gas vents 58 connected by their inputs to line 14 at the highest points of the latter, which are places of possible lazy gaseous products.

In addition, the installation is equipped with a manometer 59 for visual monitoring of pressure in line 14 and dial thermometers 60, 61, 62 and 63 for visual monitoring of fluid temperature in lines 14, 16, 34 and 35, respectively. To maintain circulation of the coolant in the working circuit of the heat-consuming device 33 in line 35, a circulation pump 64 and a check valve 65 are installed with the possibility of circular circulation of the coolant along the specified working circuit - from the output of the heat-consuming device 33 and then along line 35, circuit 37 of the heat exchanger 32 and line 3 4 to the input of the heat-consuming device 33 and with the exception of the possibility of circular circulation of the coolant in the opposite direction.

In lines 14 and 34, temperature sensors 66 and 67 are installed, respectively, made, for example, in the form of overhead thermostats. In addition, in a room (not shown), heated by device 33, an air temperature sensor 68 can be installed. Moreover, the output of each of the sensors 66-68 is connected to a power supply and control unit 17 configured to turn off the power of the heating phase electrodes 8 chamber 1 when the temperature of the coolant in line 34 of the heat-consuming device 33, and / or the temperature of the conductive fluid in line 14, and / or the temperature of the air in the specified room is higher than the specified maximum value and can be blowing power-phase electrodes 8 after reducing the temperature of said coolant, and / or conductive fluid and / or air to a predetermined minimum value.

The installation can be equipped with a small-sized autonomous source 69 of the power supply of the phase electrodes 8 with alternating electric current connected to the block 17 and designed for a given time of operation of the heating chamber 1 when the power supply of the main electrodes of these electrodes suddenly shuts off. The source 69 can be made in the form of a battery with a converter with the possibility of recharging the battery and has a switch 70 and an automatic control device 71 configured to automatically turn on the switch 70 when the power supply to the unit 17 suddenly turns off and automatically turn off the switch 70 when the power to the unit 17 is restored. In addition , the device 71 may be configured to install the source 69 to recharge and stop charging after accumulation in the source 69 predetermined amount of electricity during recharging.

According to the invention, the method of heating and injecting conductive fluid is carried out using the above-described device for heating and injecting conductive fluid as follows.

Through a conductive fluid located in the working cavity 2, an alternating electric current is passed through the electrodes 7 and 8 at a given voltage at terminals 9 and 11, as a result of which the fluid heats up. At the same time, the bottom 4 is heated from below using an external source of thermal energy 19. At the same time, due to the large total area of the lower ends of the phase electrodes 8, which is at least 0.4 of the cross-sectional area S of the working cavity 2 of the heating chamber 1, an intensive electric heating zone 20 of the conductive liquid is created between the lower ends of the phase electrodes 8 and the bottom 4. The liquid located in zone 20 has a small mass in comparison with the mass of the entire liquid filling the working cavity 2 of chamber 1, and therefore the liquid in zone 20 is rapidly heated to boiling and, together with the steam generated during boiling, rises from zone 20 to the upper part of the cavity 2, pushing the cold liquid from the upper part of the cavity 2 down to the zone 20 of intense electric heating, which accelerates the process of heating the conductive liquid in the chamber 1 and provides the possibility of increasing the frequency of duty cycles in heating chamber 1 and, accordingly, the volumetric supply of heated liquid to the discharge line 16 without increasing the energy consumption for feeding the electrodes 8.

The steam generated in the upper part of the cavity 2 creates a pressure P _k in the chamber 1 _{, the} value of which increases at the beginning of the boiling of the liquid due to the closed position of the exhaust valve 15. When the pressure P _k in the chamber 1 increases during further boiling of the liquid to the value of P _k ^* , corresponding to the opening of the exhaust valve 15, the latter opens, and under the influence of vapor pressure, the liquid is displaced from the cavity 2 into the discharge line 16 through the outlet 6 of the heating chamber 1 and the exhaust valve 15. In this case, a throttle valve 21 creates there is hydraulic resistance (support) in the path of the conductive fluid in the discharge line 16. Due to the specified hydraulic resistance in the discharge line 16 in the working cavity 2 of the chamber 1 creates a vapor pressure sufficient in magnitude to displace the conductive fluid in the discharge line 16. In addition, throttle 21 eliminates possible fluctuations in the shutter of the exhaust valve 15. The hydraulic resistance of the throttle 21 and its geometric parameters corresponding to this resistance are determined by retichesky calculations and / or experimentally.

The essence of the invention is to create in the heating chamber 1 a process of reversible heat transfer between the conductive liquid and the bottom 4, which makes it possible to reduce the cost of electricity for heating and injection of the conductive liquid.

In accordance with the indicated reverse heat exchange during the passage of an electric current through a conductive fluid, heat from the heated fluid is transferred to the massive bottom 4 of the heating chamber 1 and accumulates in the latter. When the conductive fluid is displaced from the working cavity 2 after lowering the level of the conductive fluid to the level of the heating chamber 1 on which the level sensor 18 is installed, the latter is activated to turn off the power of the phase electrodes 8. If the sensor is installed at a height h equal to the height H of the working cavity 2, the specified operation of the sensor 18 occurs at the beginning of the lowering of the level of the conductive fluid (when the conductive fluid is separated from the cover 5). After receiving the signal from the output of the sensor 18, the block 17 turns off the power of the phase electrodes 8, as a result of which the transmission of current through the conductive fluid stops and, accordingly, the zone 20 of intense electric heating of the conductive fluid ceases.

Since in the heating chamber 1, as in any real technical object, heat losses are inevitable due to heat leakage through the walls of the chamber 1 into the surrounding space, after the current has passed through the conductive fluid, the temperature of the latter as a result of the indicated heat losses in the absence of an external heat source 19 can drop below boiling point. Under such conditions, a temperature balance will occur in the heating chamber 1, at which the conductive liquid has the same temperature as the inner surface of the bottom 4, which eliminates the possibility of heat transfer from the bottom 4 to the conductive liquid, thereby eliminating the possibility of reversible heat transfer in the heating chamber 1 , and therefore, the possibility of further displacement of the conductive fluid from the working cavity 2.

The presence of an external source of thermal energy 19 allows you to start the specified reversible heat transfer due to the supply to the bottom 4 from the source 19 of an insignificant amount of heat, allowing you to raise the temperature of the inner surface of the bottom 4 above the temperature of the conductive liquid and bring the heating chamber 1 from the state of the specified temperature balance. In this case, heat exchange is reversed in the heating chamber 1, after which the heat is transferred in the opposite direction - from the bottom 4 of the heating chamber 1 to the conductive liquid. The specified reverse heat exchange in the heating chamber 1 is carried out with minimal energy consumption of the external heat source 19, sufficient to compensate for the heat loss caused by heat leakage from the heating chamber 1, and to heat the inner surface of the bottom 4 to the boiling point of the conductive liquid.

Due to the specified heating of the conductive liquid from the bottom 4 using heat transferred to the bottom 4 from an external source of thermal energy 19, the boiling of the conductive liquid in the working cavity 2 continues without stopping, despite the termination of its electric heating after the level sensor 18 has been triggered by disconnecting the phase electrodes 8. The specified boiling is accompanied by the formation of steam over the conductive liquid, under the action of pressure energy of which further complete displacement of the tocopr the introducing liquid from the working cavity 2 to the discharge line 16 through the check valve 15. To reduce the energy consumption for the external heat source 19 before or during operation of the device using the thermostat 22, which receives information about the temperature of the outer surface of the bottom 4 from the sensor 23, set the thermal power of the source 19 at a level at which the amount of heat transferred to the bottom 4 from the source 19 does not exceed the amount of heat required to maintain the temperature of the conductive liquid in working cavity 2 is not lower than its boiling point.

After the displacement of the liquid from the working cavity 2 to the discharge line 16, the pressure in the cavity 2 decreases below the above value of P _to ^* , after which the exhaust valve 15 closes, and steam condenses in the cavity 2. As a result of steam condensation in the cavity 2, a vacuum is formed, under which the inlet valve 13 opens, and the cavity 2 is filled with a new portion of the initial conductive fluid coming from line 14. When the level of the conductive fluid passes through the sensor 18 during filling of the cavity 2, the sensor 18 is activated power supply of the phase electrodes 8. In the case of installing the sensor at a height h equal to the height H of the working cavity 2, the indicated operation of the sensor 18 occurs at the end of the rise in the level of the conductive liquid, i.e. at the time of complete filling of the working cavity 2 with a conductive fluid. After receiving the signal from the output of the sensor 18, the block 17 turns on the power of the phase electrodes 8, as a result of which the transmission of current through the conductive fluid between the lower ends of the electrodes 8 and the bottom 4 resumes, and accordingly, intense electric heating of the conductive fluid in the bottom zone 20 resumes, accompanied by intensive circulation of the heated fluid from zone 20 to the upper part of the working cavity 2 with the expulsion from it into zone 20 of a cold conductive fluid. After filling the cavity 2 with a conductive fluid, the intake valve 13 closes.

Next, the process of heating and injection of conductive fluid is repeated in the described order.

During the start-up of the device, the frequency of the operating cycles of heating and injection of the conductive fluid in the heating chamber 1 gradually increases as the bottom 4, the housing 3, the cover 5 and the electrodes 8 with the electrode holders 10 are heated and reaches the operating level when the indicated structural elements of the heating chamber 1 are finished heating. To reduce the time the device reaches the operating mode before starting it, the massive bottom 4 can be heated using an external source of thermal energy 19 until the electrodes are turned on 8.

When changing the value of hydraulic resistance to the flow of heated conductive fluid provided from the discharge line 16, which can occur, for example, when changing the number of consumers of heated conductive fluid connected to the discharge line 16, the opening force of the outlet valve 15 is adjusted to maintain the required efficiency device operation. In this case, in the case of a decrease in the indicated hydraulic resistance, the opening force of the exhaust valve 15 is increased by increasing the pre-compression force of the spring 25 (Fig. 2) by moving its support 26 upward with the help of the rotating handle 27, and in the case of increasing the specified hydraulic resistance, the opening force of the outlet is reduced valve 15 by reducing the pre-compression force of the spring 25 by moving its support 26 down.

The heat generating installation described above works as follows.

Using the device for heating and forcing the conductive fluid that serves as the heat carrier, which is part of the heat-generating installation, the cold coolant is heated in the form of a conductive fluid, for example, water supplied to the specified device via line 14 from outlet 39 of circuit 36 of heat exchanger 32 in accordance with the method described above, and the supply of the heated fluid along the discharge line 16 to the input 38 of the specified circuit 36. At the same time, using the pump 64, the coolant is circulated in a circular circuit the same circuit of the heat-consuming device 33. During the indicated circulation, heat from the heated conductive fluid passing through the circuit 36 of the heat exchanger 32 is transferred to the heat transfer medium of the heat-consuming device 33 passing through the circuit 37 of the heat exchanger 32. The thus heated coolant passes through the line 34 to the input of the heat-consuming device 33, and after the heat is transferred to the latter, it is chilled through line 35 through the check valve 65 to the input 40 of the circuit 37 of the heat exchanger 32 and is heated again when passing through through circuit 37 of the latter.

Moreover, in the process of displacing the conductive fluid from the cavity 2 of the chamber 1 to the discharge line 16, the fluid from the line 14 is forced under pressure from the line 16 into the hydraulic cavity 45 of the storage tank 42, which leads to compression of the gas in the gas cavity 43 of the tank 42 by the separator 44 and the accumulation of potential energy of gas pressure in the cavity 43, which is used to accelerate the process of filling the working cavity 2 of the chamber 1 with cold coolant coming from line 14. The specified acceleration is ensured by the fact that the filling of the cavity 2 with cold coolant is provided both under the action of the vacuum generated in the working cavity 2 in the process of steam condensation, and under the action of pressure on the coolant in line 14 from the gas cavity 43 of the tank 42. The separator 44 of the tank 42 is moved by pressure from the gas cavity 43 towards the hydraulic cavity 45, displacing the liquid from the cavity 45 into the working cavity 2 of the chamber 1. In addition to accelerating the process of filling the working cavity 2 of the chamber 1, the heat CITEL accumulating container 42 together with valve 56 also allows to eliminate hazardous casting pressure in the line 14 during the displacement of fluid from the heating chamber 1 into the discharge line 16.

During operation of the installation, gaseous products released from the coolant in the working cavity 2 are removed from the specified cavity through a self-acting valve 48 (Fig. 5) and an automatic gas vent 49, and gaseous products accumulating in the upper points of line 14 are removed using automatic gas vents 58 The loss of coolant resulting from leaks and the conversion of the coolant into said gaseous products is compensated by the automatic recharge device 53. In this case, the coolant is cleaned of sludge contaminants using a sludge trap 57, the pressure in line 14 is maintained at a predetermined level using a pressure stabilization device 54 by transferring liquid from line 14 to the drain line if the specified pressure is exceeded above a predetermined value, and the possibility of increasing the working pressure cavities 2 and in line 14 above the maximum permissible value are eliminated by means of safety valves 55 and 56 by bypassing liquid through these valves into a drain line.

To ensure high operating efficiency and high efficiency of the installation, the intensity of heating of the coolant in the heating chamber 1 and, accordingly, the temperature of the coolant in the discharge line 16 is maintained at the required level by setting the current value between the electrodes 7 and 8 using the power supply and control unit 17, and also by selecting a conductive fluid with the desired electrical conductivity and installing using the device 54 the desired pressure in line 14. In this case, using the heat exchanger 32 bespechivaet lower than in the discharge line 16, the coolant temperature in the inlet line 34 teplopotreblyayuschego device 33 required for normal operation of the latter. To do this, using a circulation pump 64 create such a flow rate of the coolant through the circuit 37 of the heat exchanger 32, at which the coolant passing through the circuit 37, has time to warm up to a temperature not exceeding the specified limits determined by the operational characteristics of the heat-consuming device 33.

When the temperature of the coolant in the line 34 of the heat-consuming device 33, and / or the temperature of the conductive liquid in the line 14, and / or the temperature of the air in the room in which the heat-consuming device 33 is installed, increases above the preset maximum value, the power supply and control unit 17, which receives signals about excess temperature from the sensors 66-68, turns off the power to the electrodes 8, and after lowering the temperature of the coolant in line 33, and / or the temperature of the conductive fluid in line 14, and / or the temperature of the air in the specified and to a predetermined minimum value, it again turns on the power to the electrodes 8.

In the event of a sudden shutdown of the power supply to the unit 17, the device 71 automatically turns on the switch 70, after which the electrodes 8 receive power from an autonomous source 69. After restoring the power to the unit 17, the device 71 automatically turns off the switch 70 and sets the source 69 to recharge, and after accumulation in the source 69 to the process of recharging a predetermined amount of electricity stops charging the source 69.

Claims (26)

1. The method of heating and injection of a conductive fluid, such as water, using a sealed electrode heating chamber with a vertical or close to vertical tubular body, inlet and outlet check valves, a zero electrode and at least one internal phase electrode, comprising transmitting an alternating electric phase current between the zero and phase electrodes through the conductive liquid located in the working cavity of the heating chamber with heating of the latter to a boil with the formation of pa and above the conductive fluid, displacing the heated conductive fluid from the heating chamber to the discharge line through the exhaust check valve under the influence of steam pressure, condensation of steam in the heating chamber to form a vacuum in the latter and filling the heating chamber with the conductive fluid through the inlet check valve under the action of said vacuum the fact that the transmission of electric current through the conductive fluid is stopped during the displacement of the conductive fluid and in they renew during filling of the heating chamber when passing, respectively, a lowering and rising level of the conductive liquid, the level of the working cavity of the heating chamber, located at a height relative to the bottom of the heating chamber, comprising 0.7-1.0 of the height of the specified working cavity, while creating in the heating chamber reversible heat exchange between the conductive fluid and the bottom of the specified chamber, according to which during the passage through the conductive fluid of an electric current the heat from the specified liquid is transferred to the bottom of the heating chamber and is accumulated in the latter, and after the indicated termination of transmission of electric current, the heat from the bottom of the heating chamber is transferred to the conductive liquid, and the specified reverse heat exchange is carried out with the amount of heat supplied to the bottom of the heating chamber from an external heat source, sufficient to maintain the temperature of the conductive fluid when heat is transferred to it from the bottom of the heating chamber not lower than boiling range of the specified liquid, and further displacement of the conductive liquid from the heating chamber to the discharge line after the mentioned termination of transmission of electric current through it is carried out using the energy of the vapor pressure generated above the conductive liquid due to the specified maintaining the temperature of the latter, while the reverse heat exchange is carried out at minimal cost energy of the specified external source of thermal energy, for which the bottom of the heating chamber is made massive of material LA with high specific heat and high thermal conductivity. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the mass of the bottom of the heating chamber is set in accordance with the expression
M _d > [(1 + k) (Sh-V _e ) ρc _w / s- (1-k) M _k ] / (1-k + Δt ₂ / Δt ₁ ),
where M _d - the mass of the bottom of the heating chamber;
k is the heat loss coefficient determined theoretically and / or experimentally, taking into account the amount of heat lost as a result of its dissipation during heat exchange between the conductive fluid and the structural elements of the heating chamber;
S is the cross-sectional area of the working cavity of the heating chamber;
h is the height of the column of conductive fluid in the working cavity of the heating chamber at the time of termination of the passage of electric current through the conductive fluid;
V _e - the volume of phase electrodes and parts of their electrode holders located in the conductive fluid at the time of termination of the passage of electric current through the conductive fluid;
ρ, with _w - respectively, the density and specific heat of the used conductive liquid;
C is the specific heat of the metal from which the bottom, body, cover, phase electrodes and electrode holders of the heating chamber are made;
M _to - the total mass of the housing, cover, phase electrodes and electrode holders of the heating chamber;
Δt ₁ - the magnitude of the temperature change in the heating chamber 1;
Δt ₂ - the magnitude of the change in temperature of the bottom of the heating chamber when it is heated from an external source of thermal energy to maintain the temperature of the conductive liquid not lower than its boiling point. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the bottom of the heating chamber between the bottom of the last and lower ends of the phase electrodes create a zone of intense electric heating of the conductive liquid, for which the bottom of the heating chamber is used as a zero electrode, and the phase electrodes are placed in the heating chamber so that the lower ends of said electrodes facing the bottom of the heating chamber, wherein the electrodes perform phase with a total surface area S _e of their lower ends, selected from the conditions 0,4≤S _e / S≤0,9, and the distance h between the lower ends of the _e-phase electrodes and the bottom of the heating chamber is set from the condition 0,10≤h _e / H≤0,35, where H - the height of the working cavity of the heating chamber moreover, the heating chamber is performed with a cylindrical shape of its working cavity, the height H and diameter d of which correspond to the condition 1.0 <H / d <2.0. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the discharge line after the outlet check valve in the direction of the conductive fluid and close to the specified valve create a hydraulic back-up by throttling the flow of conductive fluid with the possibility of maintaining in the heating chamber during the process of displacing conductive liquid to the steam pressure injection line, sufficient in magnitude for the indicated displacement of the conductive liquid. 5. A device for heating and injecting conductive liquid, for example water, containing a sealed electrode heating chamber filled with conductive liquid with a vertical or close to vertical tubular body, a bottom, a cover, a zero electrode, at least one internal phase electrode and an outlet, connected its upper part through the inlet check valve with a line for supplying the source conductive fluid, and the lower part through its outlet and outlet check valve with by injection of heated conductive fluid, characterized in that the electrodes of the heating chamber are provided with a power and control unit, and the heating chamber is equipped with a level sensor of conductive liquid installed in its upper part at a height relative to the bottom of the heating chamber, comprising 0.7-1.0 working height cavity of the latter, and connected by its output to the input of the specified power supply and control unit, which is configured to turn off and turn on the power of the phase electrodes upon receipt from the sensor the level of the signal about the passage of the specified sensor by the level of the conductive fluid, respectively, when the conductive fluid is displaced from the heating chamber and when the last conductive fluid is filled, while the heating chamber is configured to allow reverse heat exchange between the conductive fluid and the bottom of the heating chamber with heat transfer from the conductive fluid to the bottom of the heating chamber during the passage of electric current through a conductive fluid until the indicated power failure of the phase electrodes and heat transfer in the opposite direction - from the bottom of the heating chamber to the conductive liquid with a further lowering of the level of the latter after the specified disconnection of the power of the phase electrodes, and the bottom of the heating chamber is massive from a material with high specific heat capacity and high thermal conductivity and is equipped with an external source thermal energy, preferably made in the form of an electric heater, mounted on the outer surface of the specified bottom pre preferably from the bottom side of the latter, the mass of the bottom of the heating chamber and the specific heat of the material used for its manufacture, as well as the thermal power of the specified external source of thermal energy, are set to allow the heat to be transferred from the bottom of the heating chamber to the conductive liquid to maintain the temperature specified liquid is not lower than its boiling point after the aforementioned disconnection of the power supply of the phase electrodes at the minimum energy consumption of the specified about an external source of thermal energy. 6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the mass of the bottom of the heating chamber is set in accordance with the expression
M _d > [(1 + k) (Sh-V _e ) ρc _w / s- (1-k) M _k ] / (1-k + Δt ₂ / Δt ₁ ),
where M _d - the mass of the bottom of the heating chamber;
k is the heat loss coefficient determined theoretically and / or experimentally, taking into account the amount of heat lost as a result of its dissipation during heat exchange between the conductive fluid and the structural elements of the heating chamber;
S is the cross-sectional area of the working cavity of the heating chamber;
h is the height of the column of conductive fluid in the working cavity of the heating chamber at the time of the aforementioned power failure of the phase electrodes;
V _e - the volume of the phase electrodes and parts of their electrode holders located in the conductive liquid at the time the level sensor is triggered to turn off the power of the phase electrodes;
ρ, c _W - respectively, the density and specific heat of the used conductive fluid;
C is the specific heat of the metal from which the bottom, body, cover, phase electrodes and electrode holders of the heating chamber are made;
M _to - the total mass of the housing, cover, phase electrodes and electrode holders of the heating chamber;
Δt ₁ - the magnitude of the temperature change in the heating chamber 1;
Δt ₂ - the magnitude of the change in temperature of the bottom of the heating chamber when it is heated from an external source of thermal energy to maintain the temperature of the conductive liquid not lower than its boiling point. 7. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the heating chamber is configured to create in its bottom part a zone of intense electric heating of a conductive fluid located between the bottom of the heating chamber and the lower ends of the phase electrodes, for which the bottom of the heating chamber serves as a zero electrode, and phase electrodes arranged in the heating chamber so that the lower ends of said electrodes facing the bottom of the heating chamber, wherein the total surface area S _e of the lower ends of the phase e ektrodov conditions selected from 0,4≤S _e / S≤0,9, and the distance h between the lower ends of the _e-phase electrodes and the bottom of the heating chamber is set from the condition 0,10≤h _e / H≤0,35, where H - the height the working cavity of the heating chamber, and the heating chamber is made with a cylindrical shape of its working cavity, the height H and diameter d of which correspond to the condition 1.0 <H / d <2.0. 8. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that a discharge throttle is installed in the discharge line, located after the exhaust check valve in the direction of the conductive fluid and close to the specified valve and made with a cross section tapering in the direction of conductive fluid, while the hydraulic resistance a throttle choke is set so that it is possible to maintain a sufficient pressure in the heating chamber during the displacement of conductive fluid from it into the steam injection line in magnitude for the indicated displacement of the conductive fluid. 9. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that when the specified external heat source is in the form of an electric heater, the latter is connected to its power source through a control thermostat, and a temperature sensor is installed on the bottom of the heating chamber, the output of which is connected to the input of the specified thermostat. 10. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the outlet of the heating chamber is made in the bottom of the latter, preferably on the axis of the specified chamber, or in the housing of the latter adjacent to the bottom of the heating chamber. 11. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the heating chamber is equipped with a heat-insulating casing. 12. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the exhaust check valve is made with the force of its opening, adjustable depending on the magnitude of the hydraulic resistance of the discharge line. 13. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the inner surface of the bottom of the heating chamber is conical with the apex of the cone facing downward, while the outlet of the heating chamber and the conical surface of its bottom are preferably aligned with each other and with the housing of the heating chamber. 14. The device according to claim 5 or 13, characterized in that the exhaust check valve is located in the bottom of the heating chamber, preferably coaxially with the outlet of the latter, with the possibility of blocking the outlet of the said opening. 15. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that when performing the heating chamber with one phase electrode, the latter is located coaxially to the housing of the heating chamber, and when performing the heating chamber with two or more phase electrodes, the latter are placed uniformly throughout the volume of the heating chamber and are equidistant from the latter . 16. A heat generating installation primarily for heating, comprising a heat exchanger and a device for heating and injecting a conductive fluid, such as water, with a supply line of a source conductive fluid, an input of which is connected to an output of a heat exchanger, and a discharge line of a heated conductive fluid, an output of which is connected to an input of a heat exchanger, characterized in that the device for heating and injection of conductive fluid is made according to any one of paragraphs.5-15, and a heat exchanger type is used as a heat exchanger and “liquid-liquid” with a heating circuit and a heated medium circuit, connected to a heat consuming device equipped with a hot coolant supply line and a cold coolant discharge line, while the heat medium circuit of the heat exchanger is connected by its input and output to the output of said discharge line and to the input of the said fluid supply line, and the circuit of the heated medium is connected by its input and output, respectively, to the cold coolant drain line from the heat-consuming devices and lines for supplying hot coolant to a heat-consuming device. 17. The installation according to clause 16, characterized in that it is equipped with an accumulating tank with a gas cavity and separated from the latter by means of a movable separator hydraulic cavity, which is located above the gas cavity and connected at its upper level through a vertically located channel to the aforementioned supply line conductive fluid close to the inlet check valve of the said device for heating and forcing conductive fluid, while the movable separator of the storage tank is made in de diaphragm or piston, or bellows. 18. The installation according to clause 16, characterized in that it is equipped with a device for automatic gas removal, including a self-acting check valve, the input of which is connected to the inner cavity of the heating chamber of the device for heating and injection of conductive liquid at the upper level of the specified cavity, and an automatic gas vent connected its entrance to the exit of the specified non-return valve, which contains a horizontally located seat with an opening for the passage of conductive fluid and a shutter mounted under bound seat to overlap the last hole, the mass, the geometric shape and dimensions of said shutter are chosen so as to maintain the open position of said valve for admission thereto of air or the gaseous products from the heating chamber. 19. The installation according to clause 16, characterized in that it is equipped with a device for automatically feeding coolant, made in the form of a hydraulic accumulator, and a pressure stabilization device through which the device for automatically feeding coolant is connected to the aforementioned line for supplying the source conductive fluid, while the stabilization device the pressure is preferably made in the form of a bypass valve with the ability to maintain a given pressure in the specified line. 20. The installation according to clause 16, characterized in that it is equipped with a safety valve connected to the inner cavity of the heating chamber and configured for a given maximum pressure in the specified cavity. 21. Installation according to clause 16, characterized in that it is equipped with a safety valve connected to the discharge line and configured for a given maximum pressure in the latter. 22. The installation according to clause 16, characterized in that it is equipped with a sludge trap installed in the aforementioned discharge line of the conductive fluid. 23. The installation according to clause 16, characterized in that at the upper points of the aforementioned line for supplying the source conductive fluid installed automatic gas vents. 24. The apparatus according to claim 16, characterized in that temperature sensors are installed at the input of the aforementioned line for supplying the initial conductive liquid and in the line for supplying the hot fluid to the heat-consuming device; the heating chamber with increasing temperature of the initial conductive fluid at the inlet of the supply line of the latter to the said heating chamber or the temperature of the hot coolant a line for supplying the latter to teplopotreblyayuschemu device above a predetermined maximum value and with the possibility of further switching phase power supply electrodes of the heating chamber after the initial reduction of said conductive liquid and the hot coolant temperature to a predetermined minimum value. 25. Installation according to paragraph 24, characterized in that in the room heated by means of a heat-consuming device, a temperature sensor is installed, the output of which is connected to said power supply and control unit, configured to turn off the power of the phase electrodes of the heating chamber with increasing air temperature in the specified a room above a predetermined maximum value and with the possibility of subsequent power-up of the phase electrodes of the heating chamber after lowering the indicated air temperature to a predetermined m minimum value. 26. The installation according to paragraph 24 or 16, characterized in that it is equipped with a small-sized autonomous power source for the phase electrodes of the heating chamber, connected to the power supply and control unit and designed for a predetermined time of operation of the heating chamber when the power supply of the main electrodes of these electrodes suddenly shuts off.

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