RU2417281C1 - Wallpapers with bactericide properties - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: wallpapers have a base and a face and a reverse sides. A coating that contains an antibacterial agent is applied onto the face side of the base. The coating antibacterial agent is represented by silver nanoparticles. The coating is produced by mixing of a varnish and a carbon porous carrier with silver nanoparticles in specified amount. Silver nanoparticles size is 2-50 nm. The carbon porous carrier has specific density of 0.03-0.1 g/cm³, specific surface of 50-200 m²/g and pore size of 5-50 nm. The varnish is a water-based acrylic varnish or an alkyd varnish. The wallpaper base is made of paper or cloth. The face surface of wallpapers is made of paper, cloth, fabric fibres or polyvinyl chloride. The carbon porous carrier with silver nanoparticles is in powder form. Glue is applied onto the reserves side of wallpapers.

EFFECT: higher quality of wallpapers and simplified technology of their manufacturing.

14 cl

Description

The invention relates to finishing materials and can be used as a decorative coating of internal walls in the construction industry, in the reconstruction of buildings and repair of premises.

Wallpaper - rolled decoration material, fixed on the surface of the wall with glue, is the traditional and most common means of interior decoration.

Modern wallpapers are divided into the following types:

- fabric wallpapers, which are fabric fibers (linen, jute, silk, synthetics), applied to a paper base;

- paper wallpaper: single-layer, in the form of a single paper layer, on the front surface of which a drawing is applied, two-layer (duplex) and multilayer, in which layers of paper are firmly glued to each other;

- Structural wallpaper, which is a paper base, on which thick-grated paint is applied by the method of screen rotary printing;

- Wallpaper for painting - a special type of paper wallpaper, divided by surface texture into: structural (or embossed) and coarse fiber;

- vinyl wallpaper, consisting of a base - strong paper or non-woven and PVC film, giving the wallpaper increased strength, which include: washable wallpaper, hard vinyl wallpaper, silk-screen printing and foamed vinyl (structural vinyl wallpaper).

Typically, the wallpaper has the following requirements:

- strength and elasticity of the base of the wallpaper, determined by its composition, thickness and density;

- wear resistance, resistance to ultraviolet radiation, resistance to washing dyes;

- the absence of a tendency to delamination in multilayer wallpapers, which is determined by the quality of the adhesive compositions;

- resistance to ignition;

- environmental cleanliness.

Along with the above requirements, in special cases, additional requirements may be imposed on the wallpaper, in particular, the ability to independently remove pathogenic microorganisms from the room air - bacteria and inhibit the process of their reproduction. Wallpapers with bactericidal properties are mainly intended for medical, children's and other institutions associated with the potential danger of bacterial infection and contamination of food.

Bactericidal properties were originally possessed by textile linen wallpapers, including a paper base laminated with threads of natural linen or mixed fibers. They have increased sound and heat insulation, resistant to fading in the sun, they can be cleaned with a vacuum cleaner. However, they have several disadvantages, the main of which is their inability to wet clean.

Known, for example, wallpaper, purifying the air, containing wt.%: 1.5-2.5 titanium dioxide in the form of a nanoscale powder, 1-2.5 silicon dioxide in the form of a nanoscale powder, 0.5-1.5 zinc oxide in the form of a nanoscale powder, 2-3.5 negative ions, 0.5-1.5 inorganic antibacterial powder, 0.5-1 iron trioxide, 4-6 conductive powder, 2.5-5 polyaniline, 25-31 polyvinyl chloride, 5-5.5 titanium pigment, 15-18.5 di-octyl phtholatadioxyl phtholate, 12.5-18 calcium carbonate and 3-30 additional agent [Chinese Patent No. 101333788, IPC D21H 21/14]. This wallpaper has a complex composition and sophisticated manufacturing technology.

Known wallpaper with antibacterial properties and resistance to mold, coated with an organic antibacterial agent - benzimidazole, isosialin or guatidine derivative [Korean Patent No. 100285276, IPC D21H 21/36]. This wallpaper does not clean the air of the room from bacteria.

Known wallpaper on paper or textile basis, containing 0.01-70 wt.%, At least one of the antimicrobial polymers [European patent No. 1277882, IPC D21H 27/20]. This wallpaper contains polymer as an antibacterial agent, which does not ensure the environmental cleanliness of the wallpaper.

Known wallpaper, inhibiting the growth of bacteria in the room, containing an antibacterial hot molten binder layer comprising an antibacterial agent that covers the surface of the raw material [Korean Application No. 20030019487, IPC D21H 27/20]. The antibacterial molten hot binder layer consists of, wt.%: 30-40 base polymer, 20-22 adhesive agent, 20-22 wax, 10-12 plasticizer, 4-5 antibacterial agent, 4-5 filler, 2-4 elastic polymer . Preferably, the wallpaper has a base antibacterial layer containing an antibacterial agent, which consists of, wt.%: 23-27 polyurethane, 23-27 polyacryl, 23-27 titanium dioxide, 13-17 water, 4-6 thickeners.

This wallpaper is the closest analogue of the proposed wallpaper with bactericidal properties and is taken as a prototype of the invention.

The disadvantages of the prototype include: the structural complexity of the wallpaper, due to the presence of a coating comprising an antibacterial hot binder layer and an antibacterial base layer, technological problems associated with applying a hot coating layer, and the complex multicomponent composition of each layer.

The invention solves the problem of creating wallpapers with bactericidal properties, having a single-layer antibacterial coating of a low-component composition and a simple technology for their manufacture.

The problem is solved in that they offer wallpapers with bactericidal properties, having the front and back sides, including a base and a coating applied on the front side containing an antibacterial agent, the said coating as an antibacterial agent containing silver nanoparticles and obtained by mixing the following components, wt. %:

varnish 95-99.99 porous carbon carrier with silver nanoparticles 0.01-5 when the content of silver nanoparticles in a carbon porous carrier 1-60 wt.%.

Mostly silver nanoparticles have a size of 2-50 nm.

The best results are obtained if a carbon porous support with a specific density of 0.03-0.1 g / cm ³ , specific surface area of 50-200 m ² / g and pore size of 5-50 nm is used to form the coating material.

It is most environmentally friendly to use the varnish included in the coating, made on the basis of an acrylic emulsion - an aqueous dispersion of acrylates, but other types of varnish, for example alkyd varnish, can also be successfully used.

The basis of the wallpaper can be made of any material, for example, paper or fabric, or non-woven.

Wallpaper can be duplex paper and in this case the front surface, which is coated, is made of paper.

The wallpaper may be fabric, and in this case, the front surface on which the coating is applied is made of fabric or fabric fibers.

Wallpaper can be vinyl and in this case the front surface, which is coated, is made of polyvinyl chloride.

A water-soluble adhesive layer may be applied to the underside of the wallpaper to fix the wallpaper on the wall.

The coating is obtained by applying to the front side of the wallpaper a composite substance, which is a mixture of varnish, in the preferred embodiment, based on an acrylic emulsion, and a porous carbon carrier with silver nanoparticles, which is a fine powder.

This powder is obtained by high-temperature evaporation of a composite graphite - a silver electrode by known methods. By varying the operating parameters of the evaporation process, it is possible to change the size of silver nanoparticles, for example, in the range of 1-100 nm.

The mixing of porous carbon carrier powder with silver and varnish nanoparticles is most efficiently carried out using ultrasound.

Silver nanoparticles held in the pores of the carbon carrier do not stick together, do not form conglomerates, as occurs with free silver nanoparticles, therefore they are able to evenly distribute in the lacquer volume when they are mixed. The optimal content of silver nanoparticles in a carbon porous carrier is 1-60 wt.%. With this content, silver nanoparticles are firmly retained by the pores of the carrier. The optimal characteristics of the carbon porous carrier are: specific gravity 0.03-0.1 g / cm ³ , specific surface area 50-200 m ² / g and pore size 5-50 nm.

Varnish based on acrylic emulsion - a dispersed system in which the role of the dispersed phase and dispersed medium is played by liquids, is characterized by high environmental friendliness. In such varnishes, water is used as a dispersed medium (solvent), and acrylates - esters of acrylic acid or its salts or their copolymers are used as a dispersed phase (binder).

When a varnish based on an acrylic emulsion and a porous carbon carrier powder is mixed with silver nanoparticles, partial release of silver nanoparticles from the pores of the carbon carrier occurs. The optimal ratio of ingredients was established experimentally and is: 95-99.99 wt.% Varnish and 0.01-5 wt.% Powder of a porous carbon carrier. The impact on the mixture with ultrasound allows you to evenly distribute silver nanoparticles in the volume of varnish. The bactericidal effect of the coating is provided by silver nanoparticles. It is known that silver is the strongest bactericidal substance of the existing ones. It is proven that it is able to destroy more than 650 species of bacteria. The use of silver in the form of nanoparticles significantly increases its efficiency both due to the large surface area per unit mass and because the structure of the electronic levels of nanoparticles differs from bulk material. The latter determines the presence of nanoscale effects and, as a result, can lead to the selectivity of the effect of nanoparticles on bacteria. The bactericidal properties of silver are based on interaction with external peptidoglycanates, in which the ability to transfer oxygen to the bacterial cells is blocked, which leads to the "suffocation" of the microorganism and its death. The action of silver is not specific for infection, but for cell structure. Any cell without a chemically stable wall (bacteria and other organisms without a cell wall, such as extracellular viruses, have such a cellular structure) is exposed to silver. Since mammalian cells have a different type of membrane, silver in no way affects them, which determines its safety for humans.

Water-based acrylic lacquer makes it possible to create a durable polymer film on the surface of the wallpaper, transparent as water containing silver nanoparticles, which serve as a bactericidal agent that provides disinfection of indoor air.

This coating is suitable for applying to any type of the above types of wallpaper: paper, fabric, vinyl.

The general technology for making wallpaper does not require changes, only the stage of coating with a bactericidal agent is added. The coating can be carried out, for example, by rolls or by spraying.

Water, which is part of the varnish, after coating is removed at the highest possible speed, acting on the front side of the wallpaper, for example, warm air. The resulting polymer film does not affect the color and appearance of the wallpaper, but gives them special bactericidal properties.

Wallpaper coating is an elastic protective lacquer transparent bactericidal film, which also has the properties of water repellent and water resistance, high resistance to mechanical deformations of the coated surface (vibration, bending, torsion, stretching). The resulting film does not accumulate static electricity and does not attract dust and other impurities. Any contaminants are easily removed by simple mechanical wiping or easily washed off with water and other means. The coating is chemically inert and environmentally friendly.

Thus, the proposed bactericidal wallpaper have a single-layer, low-component antibacterial coating, a simple technology for their manufacture and high bactericidal properties provided by silver nanoparticles.

Claims (14)

1. Wallpaper with bactericidal properties, having the front and back sides, including a base and a coating applied on the front side containing an antibacterial agent, characterized in that the said coating as an antibacterial agent contains silver nanoparticles and obtained by mixing the following components, wt.%:
varnish 95-99.99 carbon porous carrier with silver nanoparticles 0.01-5,
moreover, the content of silver nanoparticles in the carbon porous carrier is 1-60 wt.%. 2. Wallpaper according to claim 1, characterized in that the silver nanoparticles have a size of 2-50 nm. 3. Wallpaper according to claim 1, characterized in that the carbon porous carrier has a specific gravity of 0.03-0.1 g / cm ³ . 4. Wallpaper according to claim 1, characterized in that the carbon porous carrier has a specific surface area of 50-200 m ² / g. 5. Wallpaper according to claim 1, characterized in that the pore size of the carbon porous carrier is 5-50 nm. 6. Wallpaper according to claim 1, characterized in that the varnish is a water-based acrylic varnish. 7. Wallpaper according to claim 1, characterized in that the varnish is alkyd varnish. 8. Wallpaper according to claim 1, characterized in that the base is made of paper. 9. Wallpaper according to claim 1, characterized in that the base is made of fabric. 10. Wallpaper according to claim 1, characterized in that the front surface is made of paper. 11. Wallpaper according to claim 1, characterized in that the front surface is made of fabric or fabric fibers. 12. Wallpaper according to claim 1, characterized in that the front surface is made of polyvinyl chloride. 13. Wallpaper according to claim 1, characterized in that the carbon porous carrier with silver nanoparticles is made in the form of a powder. 14. Wallpaper according to claim 1, characterized in that glue is applied to the wrong surface.