RU2412304C1 - System of water-saving cavities in soil - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: system includes water-saving cavities evenly arranged at a certain distance from each other in soil subsurface. Cavities are made in the form of vertical channels, depth of which significantly exceeds dimensions of horizontal cross section. At the same time inside each channel there is a casing pipe installed as closed at the bottom. Pipe rests in upper part against support ring and is equipped with cover with porous disk arranged underneath, contacting with horizontally arranged porous pipes, coming out of channel dimensions, ends of which are plugged.

EFFECT: system makes it possible to improve service life of water-saving cavities in soil and provides for possibility of long-term moisture retention.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture and can be used to accumulate moisture due to melt and rainwater.

A known method of tillage in order to prevent moisture penetration to a depth and to facilitate the movement of moisture from depth as it decreases in the upper part consists in cutting the top soil layer to the depth of plowing, crushing the removed layer and forcing the open soil layer to compaction to obtain the capillary structure of the subsoil layer (see SU 782731).

However, this method does not provide the necessary efficiency.

A known method of processing the soil to ensure the accumulation of moisture, including, along with mulching the soil and smelling the mulch, sowing the soil during freezing to a certain depth greater than the freezing depth (RU 1519536).

When implementing this method, a system of cavities is created in the soil in the form of parallel elongated cracks, the depth of which is greater than the depth of spring freezing of the soil.

The cracking of frozen soil prevents the flow of meltwater and increases water absorption, but the cracks are not strengthened by anything, and therefore they are destroyed quite quickly. The specified procedure is carried out annually.

A known method of accumulation of moisture in the soil, including autumn plowing, leveling the surface of the field and making furrows in the arable and subsurface layer with the formation of cavities located in a checkerboard pattern with an interval in the row from 50 to 150 cm, length from 1.5 to 4 m and placed at a depth of 5 to 50 cm (see RU 2250584).

The system of cavities formed in the arable and subsurface layers of the soil, selected as a prototype, is staggered at a distance of 50 to 150 cm elongated on 1.5-4 m slots with a depth of 5 to 50 cm. This prototype provides moisture conservation in the soil, however, its effectiveness gradually decreases with the destruction of unreinforced cavities. The specified procedure must be carried out annually.

The objective of the present invention is to increase the service life of the system of water-saving cavities in the soil and providing the possibility of long-term moisture retention.

This task is achieved due to the fact that in the system of water-saving cavities uniformly located in the subsurface soil layer at a certain distance from each other, according to the invention, the cavities are made in the form of vertical channels, the depth of which significantly exceeds the dimensions of the horizontal section, while inside each channel is placed casing, closed at the bottom, resting on the support ring in the upper part and provided with a cap with a porous disk located underneath in contact with horizontally located and falling outside the channel dimensions porous tubes, the ends of which are sealed.

The presence of a system of deep vertical channels in the subsurface layer and the possibility of melt and rain water entering them through porous tubes and a porous disk prevents moisture from going to a depth and ensures its accumulation in these channels. When the upper layers of the soil dry out due to evaporation, moisture from the channels through the system will be a porous cover - porous horizontal tubes will moisten adjacent areas of the soil. The supply of channels with casing pipes, support rings and covers will significantly increase the durability of the water saving system.

Patent studies have shown that the claimed technical solution meets the criteria of "novelty" and "inventive step". The specified technical solution also meets the criterion of "industrial applicability".

The invention is illustrated in the drawing, which shows a section of one of the channels.

The inventive system of water-saving cavities includes many located in the subsurface layer at some distance from each other vertical channels 1. Channels 1 can be arranged in rows or in a checkerboard pattern. The depth of each channel is selected depending on the type of soil and ranges from 1 to 3 m. The distance between the channels is from 1.3 to 2 m. The dimensions of the channel section are much less than the depth of the channel.

Vertical channels are obtained by shock or hydraulic extrusion.

Each channel 1 is equipped with a thin-walled casing 2, for example, plastic. The diameter of the pipes can be different, for example from 10 to 30 cm. The lower end of the casing 2 is plugged. The upper part of the casing pipe 2 is provided with a flange resting on the support ring 3. The diameter of the support ring 3 provides reliable retention of the pipe 2 in the subsurface layer of the earth. On top of the casing 2 is closed by a cover 4, also resting on the support ring 3. In addition, a disk 5 of porous material is installed in the upper part of the casing. A number of horizontally arranged tubes 6 of porous material are connected to the disk 5. These tubes 6 pass through the support ring and extend beyond the channel 1 by a certain amount. The length of the tubes 6 does not exceed half the distance between adjacent channels, although this condition is not mandatory. They can be longer than the specified limit, but the tubes should not intersect with the tubes of adjacent channels. 1. This is ensured by their specific orientation.

Installation of the system is as follows.

In the subsoil layer, vertical channels 1 are made by known methods. Moreover, for convenience of installation, the top layer of the earth can be partially removed. Channels 1 are located at a certain distance from each other.

In each channel 1, a support ring is made of sufficiently strong material with a thin-walled casing pipe 2 inserted into it and plugged from below. The pipe 2 can be made of plastic or other water-resistant material. To connect with the support ring 3 on the pipe 2 may be provided with a flange or flanging.

A step disk 5 made of porous material is installed on top of the pipe 2, while the step of the disk 5 with a smaller diameter enters the pipe, and the step with a larger diameter rests on the support disk 3. Insert tubes 6 of porous material into the horizontal through holes in the support ring 3. The inner ends of the tubes 6 are adjacent to the porous disk 5. The outer muffled ends of the tubes 6 radially extend beyond the support ring 3.

The structure is closed from above by a cover 4, also resting on a support ring 3. The cover prevents clogging of the system.

After installation, the system is closed by a layer of earth (arable layer).

The operation of the device is as follows.

During the melting of snow and rain, the moisture in the porous tubes 6 through the porous disk 5 enters the pipes 2 of the channels 1 and accumulates in them.

With a vertical channel 1 depth of 1.5 m and a casing diameter of 0, 15 m and placement of channels at a distance of 1.3 m from each other, about 150 tons of water can be captured on one hectare.

As the soil dries, moisture through the porous disk 5 and the tube 6 will gradually moisten the soil in a radius corresponding to the length of the tubes 6.

Thus, the inventive system provides the capture, accumulation of rain and melt water and the gradual moistening of the soil.

In addition, the claimed system will improve aeration of the soil, increase the intensity of air exchange in the soil due to frequent changes in atmospheric pressure, which will significantly accelerate bioprocesses and chemical processes in the cultural layer.

With the relatively high complexity of manufacturing the inventive system, all costs are paid off due to the long service life, which is at least five to ten years.

Claims (1)

A system of water-saving cavities uniformly located in the subsurface soil layer at a certain distance from each other, characterized in that the cavities are made in the form of vertical channels, the depth of which significantly exceeds the dimensions of the horizontal section, while inside each channel there is a casing pipe closed below, resting on the top parts on the support ring and provided with a cap with a porous disk located underneath it, in contact with horizontally located, extending beyond the dimensions of the channels of the porous pipes kami, the ends of which are muffled.