RU2410555C1 - Axial-piston engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to engine building industry, to axial-piston engines of inner combustion with cylinder axes located in the same plane with drive shaft axis and swinging tilting washer. Axial-piston engine includes cylinder blocks of working (1) and compressor (7) chambers, engine shaft (13) with tilting plates (14, 15), camshaft (16), swinging washers (18, 19), supports (24) with levers (25), cylinder head of working chamber (26) with combustion chambers of variable volume (27), cylinder head of compressor chamber (39), intake manifolds (43), compressor (44), fuel pump (45) and back-pressure chambers (47). Cylinder blocks (1 and 7) contain pairs of opposed cylinders (2, 8). Swinging washes (18, 19) are installed one for every pair of cylinders (2, 8) with journals (20, 21.) Combustion chambers of variable volume (27) include back-pressure (28), output (30) and input (31) valves. Input valves (31) have balance chambers (32). Balance chambers (32) are connected to discharge manifolds (33) by channels (34). Compressor chamber cylinder head (39) contains back-pressure valves at the input (41) and air forcing (41). At air forcing (41) the valves are connected by pipelines (42) with back-pressure valves (28) at air intake of combustion chamber (27). The levers (25) swinging in supports (24) are rigidly connected to hinge joints (5, 11). Back-pressure chambers (47) are located in working chamber cylinder head (26) and interconnected via channels (48). The pistons (46) moving inside back-pressure chambers (47) increase combustion chambers' (27) volume and return to initial position at pressure reduction in combustion chambers (27).

EFFECT: reduction of engine components load at power preservation.

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Description

The invention relates to engine building, and more particularly to axial piston internal combustion engines with axes of cylinders located in the same plane with the axis of the drive shaft, and with a spatially swinging inclined washer.

Known axial piston engine containing a stationary housing, cylinders with two counter pistons in each, the main shaft with disks rigidly fixed to it, on the outer surface of which spatially swinging washers are installed through the bearings, while the pistons are pivotally connected to rods, the opposite ends of which pivotally connected to swinging washers, and the axis of the cylinders made parallel to the axis of the main shaft, the engine is equipped with rings, each washer is connected to one of them via two pins, married against each other on the inner side of the ring, the rings are connected to the housing by two other trunnions located opposite each other on the outer side of the rings, and are installed with the possibility of rocking around the axes of the outer trunnions located on the inner and outer sides, are perpendicular to each other and lie in one planes with a center of rotation of the discs and a center of spatial swaying of the washers (see the description of the invention to RF patent No. 2125162, IPC ⁶ F01B 3/02, F02B 75/26, publication 01.20.99).

The disadvantages of this engine are an insufficiently effective method of purging exhaust gases and filling the cylinders with air, as well as insufficient reliability of the connecting rods.

Known axial piston engine containing the cylinder head of the compressor section with inlet valves and with check valves for air injection, the cylinder block of the compressor section with pistons and rods rigidly fixed to them with hinges, the cylinder block of the working section with two diametrically opposed cylinders with two opposing pistons in each, with three groups of combustion chambers, inlet, check and exhaust valves, nozzles located in the middle and along the edges of the cylinders, inlet and outlet channels, the drive shaft with the camshaft drive gear, with two counter-inclined disks rigidly fixed on it, on the outer surface of which spatially swinging washers (one for each pair of cylinders) with trunnions and which are kept from rotation by levers, are installed through sliding bearings, swinging in bearings, supporting pistons with hinges, rigidly fixed through rods with pistons and moving in guide cylinders, camshafts, air receivers (see Description of the invention to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2335647, IPC F01B 3/2, publication 10.10.2008).

The disadvantages of this engine, taken as a prototype, are high loads on the parts, the reliability and strength of which is ensured by an increase in their dimensions.

The task of the invention is to reduce loads on engine parts while maintaining power.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the axial piston internal combustion engine contains:

- a cylinder block of the working section with pairwise diametrically opposed cylinders with pistons, connecting rods and hinges with connecting rods in each;

- the cylinder block of the compressor section with pairwise diametrically opposed cylinders with pistons, rods and joints with connecting rods in each;

- the main shaft with rigidly mounted inclined disks on it;

- a camshaft continuing the main shaft with cams;

- spatially swinging washers, one for each pair of cylinders with pins, mounted through bearings on the outer surface of the inclined discs;

- supports with levers;

- the cylinder head of the working section with combustion chambers of varying volume, with check valves held in a closed position by air pressure from the channel, with exhaust and intake valves with discharge cavities connected to the exhaust manifolds by channels, with nozzles, pushers, rods, rockers;

- the cylinder head of the compressor section with check valves at the inlet and check valves for air injection, connected by pipelines to check valves at the air inlet to the combustion chambers;

- intake manifolds;

- compressor;

- fuel pump.

The engine further comprises pistons and back-pressure chambers located in the head of the working section block, interconnected by channels.

The levers are rigidly connected to the hinges, restricting their rotation relative to the axles of the trunnions and movement along the axes of the trunnions.

The description is illustrated by drawings, where:

figure 1 shows an axial piston engine, a General view in longitudinal section;

figure 2 is the same, a transverse section aa;

figure 3 is the same, a transverse section bb;

figure 4 is the same, transverse section CC.

Axial piston internal combustion engine contains:

- a cylinder block 1 of the working section with pairwise diametrically opposite cylinders 2 with pistons 3, connecting rods 4 and hinges 5 with connecting rods 6 in each;

- a cylinder block 7 of the compressor section with pairwise diametrically opposed cylinders 8 with pistons 9, connecting rods 10 and hinges 11 with connecting rods 12 in each;

- the main shaft 13 with the inclined disks 14, 15 rigidly fixed thereon;

- a camshaft 16, continuing the main shaft 13, with the cams 17;

- spatially swinging washers 18, 19, one for each pair of cylinders 2, 8 with pins 20, 21 mounted through bearings 22, 23 on the outer surface of the inclined disks 14, 15;

- supports 24 with levers 25;

- a cylinder head 26 of the working section with combustion chambers of varying volume 27, with check valves 28 held in a closed position by air pressure from channel 29, with exhaust 30 and inlet 31 valves with discharge cavities 32, connected to exhaust manifolds 33 channels 34, with nozzles 35, pushers 36, rods 37, rocker arms 38;

- a cylinder head 39 of the compressor section with check valves 40 at the inlet and check valves 41 at the air discharge, connected by piping 42 to the check valves 28 at the air inlet to the combustion chambers 27;

- intake manifold 43;

- compressor 44;

- fuel pump 45.

The engine further comprises pistons 46 located in the cylinder head 26 of the working section and counter-pressure chambers 47 interconnected by channels 48.

The levers 25 are rigidly connected to the hinges 5, 11, restricting their rotation and movement relative to the axes of the pins 20, 21.

Axial piston engine operates as follows. When the pistons 9 move in the cylinders 8 of the cylinder block 7 from V.M.T. to N.M.T. through the intake manifolds 43 located in the cylinder head 39 of the compressor section, the check valves 40, the cylinders 8 are filled with air. Intake cycle. When moving the pistons 9 from N.M.T. to V.M.T. air is compressed in the cylinders 8. When a pressure equal to the pressure in the pipes 42 is reached, air is forced out through the check valves 41, pipes 42, check valves 28 into the combustion chamber 27 located in the cylinder head 26, and when the pistons reach 9 V.M .T. check valves 41, check valves 28 are closed. The non-return valves 28 are held in a closed position by the air pressure in the channels 29. During the engine start-up period, to prevent the release of air from the pipelines 42 through the open inlet valves 31 into the cylinders 2, the air pressure in the channels 29 is increased. The opening of the check valves 28 occurs after closing the intake valves 31. Through the nozzles 35, the fuel pump 45 injects fuel and ignites. With increasing pressure in the combustion chambers 27 above a predetermined value, the pistons 46 move from the initial position to the backpressure chambers 47 connected by channels 48, preventing the pressure in the combustion chamber 27 from increasing above a predetermined value. The pressure in the backpressure chambers 47 and channels 29 is supported by a compressor 44 (not shown). Compression cycle. At the same time, when the pistons 3 approach V.M.T. the inlet valves 31 are opened, the supply of working gas from the combustion chambers 27 to the cylinders 2 of the cylinder block 1 begins. The unloading cavities 32 with channels 34 serve to prevent an increase in pressure from the inside of the inlet valves 31, which creates efforts aimed at opening the inlet valves 31. Start of the cycle working stroke. As the pistons move 3 from V.M.T. to N.M.T. the pistons 46 are moved to their original position, maintaining the pressure in the combustion chambers 27 and the working cylinders 2 unchanged. When the pistons 46 reach the initial position, the pressure begins to decrease in the combustion chambers 27 and the working cylinders 2. When the pressure is equalized in the combustion chambers 27 and the pipelines 42, the combustion chambers 27 from the exhaust gases from the pipelines 42 to the working cylinders 2 are purged. At the end of the purge, the intake valves 31 are closing. When the pistons 3 approach N.M.T. outlet valves 30 are opened. End of stroke cycle and start of exhaust cycle. When the pistons 3 move from N.M.T. to V.M.T. through exhaust valves 30, exhaust manifolds 33 exhaust gas is removed. When the pistons 3 approach V.M.T. outlet valves 30 are closed. End of exhaust cycle. The force of the pistons 3 through the connecting rods 4, the connecting rods 6, the hinges 5 is transmitted to the pins 20 of the swinging washers 18, which, through the bearings 22, act on the runaway side of the inclined disk 14, rotating it with the main shaft 13 and the camshaft 16. Inclined rotating with the main shaft 13 the disk 15 through the bearings 23, the swinging washers 19, the pins 21, transfers the force to the hinges 11, the connecting rods 12, the connecting rods 10, the pistons 9, providing their reciprocating movement in the cylinders 8 of the cylinder block 7. The levers 25, rigidly connected to the hinges 5 , 11, swinging in supports 2 4 prevent the rotation of the swinging washers 18, 19. The inlet 31 and outlet 30 valves are controlled by the cams 17 located on the camshaft 16 through the pushers 36, the rod 37, the rocker arm 38.

The claimed invention will reduce the load on the engine parts while maintaining power.

Claims (1)

An axial piston engine, comprising: a cylinder block of the working section with pairwise diametrically opposed cylinders with pistons, connecting rods and hinges with connecting rods in each; the cylinder block of the compressor section with pairwise diametrically opposed cylinders with pistons, rods and joints with connecting rods in each; main shaft with inclined disks; camshaft with cams; spatially swinging washers, one for each pair of cylinders with pins; supports with levers; the cylinder head of the working section with combustion chambers of varying volume, with check valves held closed by air pressure from the channel, with exhaust and intake valves with discharge cavities connected to exhaust manifolds, with nozzles, pushers, rods, rockers; cylinder head of the compressor section with check valves at the inlet and check valves at the air discharge, connected by pipelines with check valves at the air inlet to the combustion chambers; intake manifolds; compressor; a fuel pump, characterized in that the levers are rigidly connected to the hinges, restricting their rotation and movement relative to the axles of the pins, the engine further comprises back pressure chambers located in the cylinder head of the working section, connected by channels, and pistons moving inside the back pressure chambers, increasing the volume of the combustion chambers and preventing the increase in pressure in them, and returning to their original position with a decrease in pressure in the combustion chambers.

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