RU2520276C1 - Two-stroke piston engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: proposed engine comprises working cylinders with intake openings, bypass valves, air compression chamber with discharge openings, pistons with con-rods of working cylinders, piston with con-rods and levers of compressor, crankshaft with compressor drive driving gear, compressor crankshaft with driven gear, cylinder head with compressor intake valves, discharge valves, fuel nozzles and combustion chambers. In compliance with this invention, air is fed from compressor compression chamber into working cylinder via compressor discharge opening, bypass valve and working cylinder intake opening at exhaust stroke at purge of working cylinder and at intake and compression strokes at filling of working cylinder. With compressor piston at TDC, working cylinder piston cuts off the intake opening to close the bypass valve.

EFFECT: higher efficiency.

5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to engine building, and more particularly to reciprocating internal combustion engines.

Known axial piston engine, comprising: a cylinder block of the working section with a pair of diametrically opposed cylinders with pistons, rods and joints with connecting rods in each; the cylinder block of the compressor section with pairwise diametrically opposed cylinders with pistons, rods and joints with connecting rods in each; the main shaft with rigidly mounted inclined disks on it; camshaft extending main shaft with cams; spatially swinging washers, one for each pair of cylinders with pins, mounted through bearings on the outer surface of the inclined discs; supports with levers; the cylinder head of the working section with combustion chambers of varying volume, with check valves held in a closed position by air pressure from the channel, with exhaust and intake valves with discharge cavities connected to the exhaust manifolds of the channels, with nozzles, pushers, rods, rockers; cylinder head of the compressor section with check valves at the inlet and check valves at the air discharge, connected by pipelines with check valves at the air inlet to the combustion chambers; intake manifolds; compressor; fuel pump (see the description of the invention to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2410555, IPC F02B 75/26, F02B 75/04, F02D 15/04, publication 01/27/09).

The disadvantage of this engine is that: - a separate combustion chamber complicates the design and reduces reliability; - a significant length of pressure air ducts and the device of the air compression cylinder, respectively, to each working cylinder leads to a decrease in specific power per unit volume.

Known axial piston engine containing a housing mounted in the housing with the possibility of rotation in the bearing bearings of the drive shaft with a first axis of symmetry and with a crank, cylinder block, the axis of which are parallel to the first axis of the drive shaft, pistons with connecting rods located in the cylinders, an angled washer from the second axis and with a central axle pivotally connected to the crank, while the inclined washer is pivotally connected by means of connecting rods to pistons, a cross with two axles oppositely located on the third axis, which are mounted mounted pivotally in the housing in the bearings, in addition, the inclined washer is made with the possibility of swinging on two opposite pivots located on the fourth axis of the pins, which are pivotally mounted in the cross in the bearings, while the fourth axis is perpendicular to the third axis and intersects at a common point with the first, second and the third axis (see the description of the invention to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2272920, IPC F02B 75/26, F01B 3/02, publication 03/27/2006).

The disadvantages of this engine, taken as a prototype, is the placement of the combustion chamber in the working cylinder, which leads to a delay in the start of the stroke of the stroke and, accordingly, to a decrease in power and efficiency.

The task of the invention is to increase the efficiency of a two-stroke piston engine.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that a two-stroke piston internal combustion engine comprises: a cylinder block with working cylinders and cylinder inlet windows, with bypass valves, with an air compression cavity and exhaust windows of an air compression cavity (compressor); pistons with connecting rods of working cylinders; piston with connecting rods and compressor levers; crankshaft with compressor drive gear; compressor crankshaft with driven gear; cylinder head with compressor inlet valves, exhaust valves, fuel nozzles, combustion chambers; camshafts. The exhaust windows are located in the upper part of the air compression cavity, which ensures air bypass into the working cylinders when the compressor piston moves away from N.M.T. to V.M.T. The inlet windows are located in the working cylinders at a height that provides air bypass from the compressor cavity during purging and the initial stage of compression and provides the required compression ratio in the second stage of compression, which begins after the working piston closes the inlet windows. The compressor piston is made in an elongated section, which makes it possible to arrange the air compression cavity at a distance from the working cylinders, which allows pumping air from the air compression cavity of the volumetric compressor sequentially through the exhaust windows, bypass valves, inlet windows into the working cylinders during the exhaust cycle during purging cylinders during intake and compression strokes when filling the working cylinders, which reduces engine power losses due to air compression. The description is illustrated by drawings, where:

figure 1 shows a piston engine, a General view in longitudinal section;

figure 2 is the same, a left side view in cross section aa;

figure 3 is the same, a left side view in cross-section in-in;

figure 4 is the same, a General view in longitudinal section cc;

figure 5 is the same, top view.

A piston two-stroke internal combustion engine contains:

- a cylinder block 1 with working cylinders 2 and inlet windows 3 of working cylinders 2, with bypass valves 4, with an air compression cavity 5 (compressor) and exhaust windows 6 of the air compression cavity 5,

- pistons 7 with connecting rods 8 of working cylinders 2;

- piston 9 with connecting rods 10, 11, levers 12 of the compressor 5;

- the crankshaft 13 with the drive gear 14 of the compressor drive 5;

- the crankshaft 15 of the compressor 5 with the driven gear 16;

- a cylinder head 17 with inlet 18 valves of the compressor 5, exhaust 19 valves, nozzles 20 for supplying fuel, combustion chambers 21;

- camshafts 22.

A piston two-stroke engine operates as follows. Pistons 7, 9 reciprocate in the cylinder block 1. When the piston 9 is in the V.M.T. the bypass valve 4 closes and the inlet valve 18 of the compressor 5 opens. When the piston 9 of the compressor 5 moves from V.M.T. to NMT air fills the cavity 5 of the compressor air compression. Upon reaching piston 9 of compressor 5 N.M.T. the inlet valve 18 is closed, and when the air pressure in the air compression cavity 5 is equalized with the exhaust gas pressure in the working cylinder 2, the corresponding bypass valve 4 opens. The start of the air intake cycle. At the end of the purge of the working cylinder 2 from the exhaust gases by air through the exhaust ports 6, bypass valves 4, intake ports 3, the exhaust valve 19 is closed. The beginning of the compression cycle, the initial stage of which is to compress the air in the compressor air compression cavity 5, combustion chamber 21, working cylinder 2. When piston 9 reaches compressor 5 V.M.T. the piston 7 closes the inlet 3 and closes the bypass valve 4. The intake cycle ends. Compression of air continues in the second stage in the working cylinder 2 and combustion chamber 21. When the piston 7 reaches a position corresponding to the advance angle of the fuel injection, fuel is injected through the nozzle 20 into the combustion chamber 21. When the working piston 7 reaches V.M.T. the compression cycle ends and the stroke cycle begins. When approaching the working piston 7 to N.M.T. exhaust valve 19 opens. Start of the exhaust cycle. When the piston 7 moves in the cylinder 2 to N.M.T. and further movement from N.M.T. to V.M.T. exhaust gases are displaced from the working cylinder 2 through an open exhaust valve 19. When the corresponding bypass valve 4 is opened, the exhaust gases are displaced from the working cylinder 2 by air. At the end of the purge, the exhaust valve 19 is closed. The end of the exhaust cycle.

The reciprocating movement of the pistons 7 through the connecting rods 8 is converted into rotational motion of the crankshaft 13. The pinion gear 14, the driven gear 16 are used to increase the speed of the crankshaft 15, providing through the connecting rods 10, levers 12, connecting rods 11 the frequency of air compression by the piston 9 equal to the frequency working strokes in working cylinders 2. The rotational speed of the crankshaft 15 of the compressor 5 is directly proportional to the rotational speed of the crankshaft 13 and the number of working cylinders 2. The inlets located in the cylinder head 17 mi 18 valves of the compressor 5, exhaust valves 19 located in the cylinder block, bypass valves 4 is carried out by camshafts 22.

The implementation of the invention will improve the efficiency of a two-stroke engine.

Claims (1)

A two-stroke piston engine comprising:
- a cylinder block with working cylinders and cylinder inlet windows, with bypass valves, with an air compression cavity with exhaust windows of the air compression cavity (compressor), with a piston, connecting rods, lever;
- pistons with connecting rods of working cylinders;
- piston with connecting rods, compressor levers;
- crankshaft with compressor drive gear;
- the crankshaft of the compressor with the driven gear;
- cylinder head with combustion chambers, intake, exhaust valves, fuel injection nozzles;
- camshafts, characterized in that the air is supplied from the compressor compression cavity to the working cylinder sequentially through the compressor outlet window, the bypass valve and the inlet window of the working cylinder during the exhaust stroke while blowing the working cylinder, as well as during the intake and compression strokes when filling the working cylinder, and when the compressor piston reaches top dead center, the piston of the working cylinder closes the inlet window and the bypass valve closes.

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