RU2407521C1 - Method of blood microvesicle optimisation in patients with impaired glucose tolerance - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to medicine, namely to cardiology, endocrinology, and can be used for normalising the blood microvesicle level in impaired glucose tolerance. That is ensured by graduated physical activity, and administration of metformin 500 mg twice a day. The therapeutic course is at least 5 weeks.

EFFECT: offered combination of therapeutic modalities enables normalising the blood microvesicle level in a relatively short time that promotes prevention of thrombotic complications in the case patients.

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Description

The invention relates to medicine, namely to hematology, cardiology and endocrinology.

Analogues of the proposed method for correcting the level of microvesicles in the blood in violation of glucose tolerance (NTG) does not exist.

It is known that an important feature of the cytoplasmic membrane is the asymmetry of the phospholipid and protein composition of two sheets of the bilayer, which occurs under the action of intracellular enzymes, differences in the ionic composition of the cytoplasm and extracellular fluid. The asymmetry of the bilayer determines the atrombogenicity and hemocoagulation properties of blood cells and the endothelium of blood vessels and, in addition, is involved in creating a gradient of curvature, folds, wrinkling, and in laminating portions of the membrane in the form of microvesicles.

Fragments of cell membranes formed during exocytosis, necrosis and apoptosis are able to close and form vesicles with a diameter of 0.05 to 3.0 microns. The size of the microvesicles depends on the nature of the agent acting on the target cell. Microvesicles are of platelet and non-platelet origin. They form on the cell surface, desquamating from the cytoplasmic membrane. Therefore, they contain various membrane glycoproteins, cytoskeletal proteins, microfilaments, myosin chains, etc.

Microvesicles not only represent the catalytic surface for internal “tenase” (a supramolecular complex consisting of factor IXa, factor VIIIa and phospholipids) and the prothrombinase complex, but they are also able to influence the proteolytic inactivation of factors Va and VIIIa by activated protein C in combination with protein S. Therefore a decrease in the level of microvesicles in the blood leads to a decrease in the blood coagulation potential of platelet-free blood plasma.

With NTG, there is an increase in the level of microvesicles in the blood, causing an increase in the coagulation capabilities of the plasma. However, approaches to lowering the level of microvesicles in the blood remain very poorly developed. With NTG, such approaches have not been previously applied. Metformin and exercise may be used to correct NTG.

However, never before has a treatment complex consisting of dosed physical activity and metformin been used in patients with NTG to lower their microvesicle level.

The aim of the invention is to lower the level of blood microvesicles in patients with NTG.

The essence of the proposed method lies in the fact that to correct the level of blood microvesicles, patients with NTG for at least 5 weeks are prescribed metformin 500 mg 2 times a day against a background of dosed physical activity.

The method allows you to adjust the level of blood microvesicles in patients with NTG for at least 5 weeks, translating it to a level close to that for healthy people. If you follow the recommendations of the proposed method, it is possible to maintain the level of microvesicles at an optimal level, which will significantly reduce the risk of thrombotic complications, reduce the number of cases of temporary disability, speed up inpatient treatment and improve its quality, reduce disability, and also extend the life and reduce mortality of patients with NTG from a heart attack and stroke.

The inventive method is as follows.

The determination of the level of blood microvisicles is carried out by the activity of 5-nucleotidase in serum (L.D. Zubairova, D.M. Zubairov, I.A. Andrushko and others. Cellular microvesicles in the dynamics of experimental endotoxinemia. // Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine: monthly international scientific and theoretical journal / RAMS. - 2006. - Volume 142, No. 11. - S.517-520). Normally, its level is 63.8 ± 2.5 nkat. With an increase in the level of blood microvesicles, patients with NTG need to be treated with metformin 500 mg 2 times a day against a background of dosed physical activity.

As a possible variant of the physical exercises used, the complex described below can be used.

In real life conditions, it is possible to carry out three forms of physical activity: 1) morning hygienic gymnastics (exercise); 2) therapeutic and preventive gymnastics; 3) fractional physical exercises throughout the day.

1. Morning hygienic gymnastics (exercise).

Morning exercises should be done after sleep before breakfast in a ventilated room. Under the influence of classes, the body is freed from the state of inhibition of physiological processes that occurs during sleep.

The sequence of exercises involves alternating the load on various muscle groups (arms, legs, body). Exercises are performed with a gradually increasing excursion of breathing, stretching, limited use of force conditions. The breathing during exercises should be free, rhythmic, without delay, mainly through the nose; exhalation should be longer than inhalation (inhalation 2-3 s, exhalation 3-5 s).

With good health, the load can be strengthened by the number of repetitions, speeding up the pace, increasing the amplitude of movements and reducing pauses between exercises.

With fatigue, you should reduce the load, increase the duration of pauses between exercises, fill them with calm breathing.

After gymnastics, you need to go to a wipe or take a shower.

Morning exercises should cause a sense of vitality, increased activity, better health and performance.

If you feel unwell, develop shortness of breath or pain in the heart and behind the sternum, you should temporarily interrupt classes and consult a doctor.

During the day, patients are recommended therapeutic and prophylactic gymnastics. Depending on the initial training, it is possible to use at the beginning of a lightened version of physical activity, and subsequently a strengthened version.

2. Complexes of therapeutic and preventive gymnastics.

2.1. A lightweight version of therapeutic gymnastics.

Exercise 1. Standing. Walking is calm with a gradual acceleration and deceleration of 1-2 minutes. When performing the exercise, a gradual deepening of breathing.

Exercise 2. Circular movements in the shoulder joints. When breeding - inhale, while mixing - exhale with a slight tilt of the body and retraction of the abdominal wall - 6-8 times. Fingers touch shoulders, elbows pressed to the body.

Exercise 3. Standing, hands on the belt. Alternately transferring the severity of the body from one leg to the other with slight bending of the legs in the knee joint, without taking the feet off the floor. Do the exercise 10-16 times with muscle tension in the legs.

Exercise 4. Standing, legs spaced shoulder width apart, hands on the belt. Torso forward, touch left sock with your right hand. 4-6 times alternately. When the position is straightened, inhale; when tilted, exhale. Looking forward.

Exercise 5. Standing, arms along the torso. At the same time, take straight arms and one leg to the sides with alternating leg abductions. 4-6 times in each direction alternately. A wave of arms and legs, breathing free, do not hold.

Exercise 6. Standing, legs to the sides, hands in front of the chest, palms down. With the turn of the body, spread your arms to the sides with the turn of the palms up - inhale. Return to the starting position with a slight tilt of the body forward - exhale. 3-5 times in each direction alternately. Coordinate breathing with the movement of the body and hands. By the end of the exhalation, retract the wall of the abdomen.

Exercise 7. Standing, hands free. Walking freely - 1 min, then with high hip flexion - 10-20 movements, followed by a transition to a quiet walk - 1-2 minutes. Rhythmic breathing, medium depth.

Exercise 8. Sitting on the edge of the chair, hands on the waist. Bending back and bending forward of the body. Repeat 6-10 times. Do not hold your breath.

Exercise 9. Sitting on the edge of the chair, focus with tassels on the edge of the chair, and with your feet somewhat in front of the chair. Squats with an emphasis on the edge of the chair - 4-6 times. When squatting, exhale.

Exercise 10. Standing sideways to the back of the chair, hold on to it with one hand. Swing your free straight arm with your legs back. Return to starting position. Repeat 4-6 times with each hand and foot. Do not hold your breath.

Exercise 11. Standing, legs apart, arms at the waist. Turns the body to the right and left - 6-10 times alternately. Do not turn your head, look forward.

Exercise 12. Standing, legs together, arms down. To spread your arms to the sides - inhale, bend your leg at the knee and press your hands to your stomach - exhale. 3-5 times each leg in turn. Strive to maintain balance; as you exhale, draw in your stomach.

Exercise 13. Standing, legs together, arms down. Lateral tilts of the body with bending of the opposite arm (“pump”). Do not hold your breath, strive for a greater excursion of movement.

Exercise 14. Standing. Walking is calm with uniform breathing of medium depth. 1-2 minutes

Exercise 15. Lying on a rug with a pillow placed under the head. Go to the half-sitting position and hug the bent hips - exhale, return to the starting position - inhale. Do not hold your breath. Strive in a half-sitting position to maintain balance. Run 4-6 times.

Exercise 16. Lying, arms to the sides, legs apart. Semicircular movements with the right straight leg to the left with the turn of the pelvis - exhale - return to the starting position - inhale. 3-5 times in each direction. Alternately left and right with the greatest possible excursion of the leg movement, while maintaining the emphasis of the hands on the floor.

Exercise 17. Sitting on the floor; a) get on all fours; b) move to a kneeling position; c) raise your hands up - inhale, tilt the body, and take your hands back - exhale. When tilting - retract the stomach. Repeat 4-6 times; e) move to a standing position, and then to a prone position; f) self-massage of the abdomen with small semicircular movements in a clockwise direction - 1-2 minutes. Rest 2 min; g) calm breathing; h) exercise in protruding (calm) and retracting (active) the abdominal wall. Combine abdominal retraction with expiration through the mouth. Repeat 4-6 times.

Exercise 18. Standing, arms bent. Vigorous walking on the spot or in a room with high flexion of the hips and waved arms - 20-30 steps. Do not hold your breath.

Exercise 19. Sitting on a chair, legs apart, hands on the waist or rest against the edge of the chair. Circular movements of the pelvis with retraction of the abdomen when the pelvis is brought back. 4-6 times in each direction.

Exercise 20. Standing. Calm walking with breathing of an average depth of 2-3 minutes.

With the initial sufficient training or exercise tolerance arising during the classes, the following set of exercises can be used.

2.2. A reinforced version of therapeutic gymnastics.

Exercise 1. Standing. Walking calm with rubbing the palms of the chest, abdomen, lower back. It takes 1-2 minutes.

Exercise 2. Standing, arms down. Simultaneous bending with tension and free “throwing” of arms forward, to the sides and upwards 12-16 times. When bending, exhale, while leveling, inhale.

Exercise 3. Standing, arms at the waist, legs shoulder width apart. Lateral movements of the pelvis to the right and left, back and forth. It is performed 6-10 times alternately. Breathing is free.

Exercise 4. Standing, feet shoulder width apart, arms down. Circular movements of straight arms in the shoulder joints, 6-10 times with maximum excursion, do not hold your breath.

Exercise 5. Standing, arms in front of the chest, bent at the elbows. Walking with high flexion of the hips, with the touch of hands. 6-10 times each leg in turn. The movements are vigorous, while flexing the thigh - exhale through the mouth.

Exercise 6. Walking calm 1-2 minutes.

Exercise 7. Sitting on the edge of the chair, hands on the waist. Bending and bending of the body. The exercise is performed 8-10 times. The movements are energetic. When straightening, inhale; when bent, exhale.

Exercise 8. Standing sideways to a chair, hold on to the back, the other hand at the waist. Alternating swings with a straight leg forward with the greatest possible excursion. Leg sweep combined with exhalation. It is carried out 4-6 times.

Exercise 9. Standing, legs apart, arms to the sides. Tilts the body forward with a touch of the right brush of the left toe of the foot, the other hand is pulled up. Return to starting position. Combine the slope with the exhale, while straightening, inhale 4-6 times.

Exercise 10. Walking calm with breathing of medium depth. 1-2 minutes

Exercise 11. Standing, hands in a fist and lowered: a) bending the arms at the elbows with force and unbending them with the back, with the greatest possible straightening and tension and a delay in tension for 2-3 seconds. Standing, hands on the waist; b) half-squats, followed by lifting on toes and straining the legs. The exercise is performed 4-6 times with the greatest possible rectification and tension, and a delay in the stress state for 2-3 seconds.

Exercise 12. Sitting on the edge of a chair. In the position of the leg raised and bent at the knee joint, alternately shake the tibia and thigh muscles with the hands. Reduce muscle tension. 1-2 minutes

Exercise 13. Sitting on the edge of the chair, straight legs divorced. Breeding and mixing straight arms and legs. When breeding, inhale, while mixing, exhale. It is carried out 4-8 times.

Exercise 14. Standing. Walking is calm with the transition to a rhythmic calm run (jogging) in place or with movement.

If tired, go for a walk with moderate breathing. 2-5 minutes

Exercise 15. Lying on the mat. Simultaneous lifting of the body and legs as you exhale. 4-6 times. Arms and legs straightened, keep balance.

Exercise 16. Lying on the mat, emphasis with brushes on the floor. Cross movement with straight legs - “scissors.” 4-8 times. Do not hold your breath.

Exercise 17. With a quick straightening of the legs, move to a sitting position, then lie down. You can help with a wave, 4-6 times.

Exercise 18. Lying on your back, legs bent. Calm breath 4-6 times.

Exercise 19. Lying on your back, arms spread apart with the emphasis of the hands on the floor. With the turn of the pelvis to the left, bend the legs, turn the pelvis with the legs crossed to the right and stretch the legs. Repeat such circular movements with legs 3-6 times in each direction alternately. Do not tear your hands off the floor. Do not hold your breath.

Exercise 20. Lying on your back, arms and legs apart. Alternate turns of the body to the right and left with the laying of one hand on the other. Do not move your legs. With arms apart, inhale, while turning, exhale. It is carried out 3-6 times.

Exercise 21. Lying on your back, arms along the body: a) turn on your left side; b) turn on the right side; c) go to the supine position; d) get on your knees; e) move to a standing position; f) walking in a place with high hip flexion and arm movement - 20-30 steps; g) sit on the mat; h) lie on your back, calm breathing. Repeat the whole complex 3-4 times.

Exercise 22. Standing. Walking calm with breathing of medium depth - 1-2 minutes.

Exercise 23. Standing, legs spaced the width of the foot, hands on the waist. Circular motion of the pelvis, right and left 6-8 times. Do not hold your breath.

Exercise 24. Standing with legs wide apart, hands in front of the chest. Alternately bending the leg with the transfer of body weight to it with stretching the arms to the toe of the bent leg. 4-6 times in each direction. The other leg is straight. When straightening - inhale, while tilting - exhale.

Exercise 25. Standing, legs spaced shoulder width apart, arms at the waist. Circular head movements 4-10 times in each direction.

Exercise 26. Standing, legs spaced shoulder-width apart, arms at the waist. Tilt the body to the right, pulling the left hand up - inhale. Return to starting position - exhale. 4-6 times alternately.

Exercise 27. The same, arms to shoulders. Circular movements of the hands with the maximum excursion in the shoulder joints, when breeding - inhale, while reducing and retracting the walls of the abdomen - exhale. The breath is deep.

Exercise 28. Standing. Calm walking and breathing of medium depth. Reduced overall load. 1-2 minutes

3. Fractional exercise throughout the day.

Depending on the real life conditions of patients with NTG, it is possible to recommend various approximate variants of fractional loads to increase physical (motor) activity throughout the day.

Option 1.

Exercise 1. Sitting - spread your elbows to the sides - inhale, stretch your arms forward with tension - exhale, 4-6 times.

Exercise 2. Sitting - stand up with the deflection of the body and sit down - 8-10 times.

Exercise 3. Sitting - an imitation of the movements of a boxer with a possibly large rotation of the body - 10-12 times.

Option 2

Exercise 1. Standing - walking with high hip flexion - 16-30 times.

Exercise 2. Standing - circular movements of the head to the right and left - 3-8 times in each direction.

Exercise 3. Standing - legs spread wide - imitation of the movement of the pigtail - 10-12 times.

Exercise 4. Sitting - transition to a standing position - 10-12 times.

Option 3

Exercise 1. Walking is calm - 1 min,

Exercise 2. Walking accelerated - 1 min.

Exercise 3. Walking with a high flexion of the hips and alternate wave of hands 20-30 times.

Exercise 4. Walking calm with breathing - 1-2 minutes; the run is calm on the spot or with movement around the room - 2-5 minutes.

Option 4

Walking walk of various extent.

Option 5

Physical labor in various versions and of various durations depending on the conditions (cleaning the premises, home maintenance, work on cleaning the territory, garden works, etc.).

Example. Patient Sh., 49 years old, with NTG (blood glucose 2 hours after a sugar load of 8.9 mmol / L), examination revealed an increase in the level of blood plasma microvesicles of 131.3 nkat. The patient was prescribed metformin 500 mg 2 times a day against a background of dosed physical activity. The patient was regularly examined after the start of treatment. Simultaneously with the examination, the level of blood microvesicles was determined.

After 5 weeks of treatment, the patient with NTG remained (blood glucose 2 hours after sugar load of 8.6 mmol / L) with normalization of the level of blood microvesicles of 62.7 nkat.

The patient was asked to follow the recommendations given to her in the future.

Using the proposed method for correcting the level of blood microvesicles in hematology, cardiology and endocrinology will help to avoid many vascular complications in patients with NTG, reduce the number of cases of temporary disability, reduce the duration of hospitalization, reduce disability and mortality.

Claims (1)

A method of normalizing the level of microvesicles in the blood when glucose tolerance is impaired by applying dosed physical activity and metformin 500 mg 2 times a day for at least 5 weeks.