RU2404838C1 - Device for gas and air cleaning - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: technological processes.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a chemical, metallurgical, energy, food and other industries that require a deep air cleaning of industrial emissions. In the body of the device there are one or more mixing stages, which has connections for input and output of fluids, stages are located coaxially with the vertical, each of which is made in the form of swirl, which is a cylindrical shell with tangential slits and straight blades set at a tangent to the inner circle. Butt shell facing the flow of the incoming mixture is closed with a disk so that when the spreading mixture goes through a gap in the space between the shoulder blades and the on the other end of the blade shell is attached to the disk with a central hol, designed to yield a swirled foam gas-liquid flow. Separator is a rigidly mounted static element (a flat disc or cone) placed under the central hole of the disc of the last mixing stage overlying section of the outflowing stream; it uses centrifugal force of spinning gas-liquid flow at the exit of the swirler to separate liquid and gas.

EFFECT: ensuring ease of manufacture and operation.

4 cl, 3 dwg

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to the chemical, metallurgical, energy, food, and other industries where it is necessary to deep purify the air from industrial emissions. It can also be used as a scrubber, absorber, contact heat exchanger, chemical reactor in technological processes.

State of the art

Dust is one of the largest tonnage emissions. Coarse dust is usually captured using cyclones of various designs, and wet methods are applicable for finer dust cleaning. Centrifugal bubblers have smaller dimensions and low metal consumption compared to other equipment of a similar purpose. If air is contaminated only by dust, then water is used as a liquid. The developed instantly renewed contact surface of dust with water leads to almost instant physical absorption, as a result of which the dust adheres to water at the interfaces and together with the water is discharged into the reservoir, where it settles, while the water returns to the cleaning system. The purified air from the apparatus returns to the room to save heat in the winter.

Known vortex heat and mass transfer apparatus in which a rotating foam layer is supported by a rotating drum (USSR copyright certificate No. 462591, CL. B01D 3/22) / 1 /.

The disadvantage of this apparatus is the significant dimensions and increased energy costs, complicated supply and removal of gas and liquid.

A known installation in which the kinetic energy of gas is used to promote the foam-bubble layer (USSR patent No. 1820857 A3, B01D 53/18) / 2 /.

The disadvantages of the installation include the use of profiling washers, hemispherical surfaces for the separation of gas from a liquid, which complicates its industrial production and use.

Object of the invention

The objective of the invention is to develop a simpler to manufacture and operate the design of a device for cleaning gases and air while maintaining the main idea - the promotion of the bubble layer by the kinetic energy of the gas.

Disclosure of invention

The problem is solved due to the fact that the known device for cleaning gases and air, including a housing with nozzles for supplying and discharging gas and liquid and placed in it a swirl of gas-liquid mixture and a separator, contains one or more mixing steps arranged vertically coaxially, each of which is made in the form of a swirler, which is a cylindrical shell with tangential slots and straight blades mounted tangentially to the inner circumference, with the end face of the shell facing to the incoming flow of the mixture is closed by a disk, so that when spreading the mixture gets through the cracks into the space between the blades, and from the other end of the blade the shells are fixed to the disk with a central hole designed to exit the swirling foamed gas-liquid flow, the separator is a rigidly fixed static element, placed under the central hole of the disk of the last mixing stage, blocking the outlet flow section and using centrifugal forces from the liquid and gas to separate akrutki gas-liquid flow downstream of the swirler.

Such an element can be a flat disk or cone, facing the apex against the direction of the outgoing stream. Moreover, the cone around the perimeter can be equipped with tangential blades similar to swirls for swirling the flow, with the help of which it is rigidly fixed to the disk with the central hole of the last mixing stage.

The swirlers and the separator using brackets are welded into one holder and clamped in the housing between the two flanges. This allows it to be easily removed from the housing and rinsed if contaminated.

Description of the device is illustrated in figure 1 ÷ 3.

Figure 1 shows a diagram of a device containing two mixing stages of cleaning, and the separator in the form of a flat disk, figure 2 is a cross section of a swirler. Figure 3 - diagram of a device containing two mixing stages and a separator in the form of a cone, which, like swirlers, is equipped with perimeter tangential vanes for twisting the flow, with which it is rigidly fixed to the disk with the Central hole of the last mixing stage.

In the drawings: 1 - device case, 2 - nozzle for gas inlet, 3 - nozzle for supplying liquid, 4 - upper swirl disk, 5 - swirl blade, 6 - gas-liquid ring in the first cleaning stage, 7 - central hole for draining the gas-liquid mixture 8 - gas-liquid ring in the second stage of cleaning, 9 - separation disk, 10 - pipe for draining the liquid, 11 - central pipe for the outlet of purified gas, 12 - flanges of the split housing, 13 - cone separator, 14 - tangential blades for twisting the flow on exit from the cone separator .

The operation of the device.

Polluted air or gas through the nozzle 2, and water or solution through the nozzle 3 is supplied to the disk 4, spread along it and enter the tangential slots, evenly spaced along the side surface of the swirl 5, and begin to rotate. Moving along a tangent path in the ring layer 6, the gas spins up the liquid and it fills the entire volume to the central hole 7. Since the gas moves faster than the liquid, the latter breaks up into very small bubbles with a developed phase contact surface, which determines the efficiency of gas cleaning processes. If the contact time between the gas and the liquid is not enough in one stage, the gas enters the second stage, which works similarly to the first. After exiting the second stage, the gas-liquid mixture flows onto the disk 9 and is discarded by centrifugal forces to the housing wall. In this case, the liquid is drained along the wall of the housing 1 and through the drain pipe 10 can be collected in the tank and then returned to the cleaning system, thus the liquid is recycled in a closed circle. At the same time, the purified gas, which has passed through two stages, after the separator 9 enters the pipe 11 and can be returned to the room or vented to the atmosphere.

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 3, the separator is made in the form of a cone and along the perimeter has tangential blades that attach to the disk at the base of the second swirler and which tighten the gas-liquid mixture, thus ensuring cleaning at low supply pressures of the gas-liquid mixture. The cone faces the apex of the central bore of the swirler disk of the last mixing stage.

Figure 2 shows a section of a gas-liquid mixer. The gas between the blades mounted tangentially to the inner circle, together with the liquid, enter the layer due to the pressure drop created by the fan, and begin to rotate. In this case, the liquid is discarded by centrifugal forces to the wall and gradually fills the entire volume from the blades to the central hole 7, and then begins to overflow to the next stage. Gas, moving along a spiral path from the periphery to the center, unwinds the liquid, forming a foam structure with a developed phase contact surface, which ensures effective cleaning of gas from dust and oxides if an alkali solution is used instead of water.

Thus, the proposed device due to the fact that the forces that hold the liquid in the bubbling layer are an order of magnitude or more higher than the gravitational ones, the contact surface is 100 times larger than in conventional nozzles, provides highly efficient cleaning of gases and air, at the same time, the design It has low metal consumption (5-10 times lower than analogues) and reliability in operation.

It can be widely used: for absorption cleaning of gases from harmful impurities (sulfur, nitrogen oxides; hydrogen fluoride and chloride, chlorine, fluorine, ammonia, etc.), wet cleaning of ventilation emissions from fine dust, evaporative humidification and air cooling, lowering the temperature of the flue gases, utilizing the heat of the exhaust gases.

It can be used to drain boiler house flue gases. For example, for boiler houses operating on gas, the moisture content of flue gases is d = 150 grams per kilogram of flue gas. And the condensation temperature is 60 degrees.

After drying, the moisture content of the flue gas can be reduced to 50 grams per kilogram of flue gas. And the condensation temperature can drop to 40 degrees. Simultaneously with the drying of the flue gases, the heat of the flue gases is utilized.

Information sources

1. USSR Copyright Certificate No. 462591, Cl. B01D 3/22.

2. USSR patent No. 1820857 A3, B01D 53/18.

Claims (4)

1. A device for cleaning gas and air, including a housing with nozzles for supplying and discharging gas and liquid and placed in it a swirl of gas-liquid mixture and a separator, characterized in that it contains one or more mixing steps arranged vertically coaxially, each of which is made in the form of a swirler, which is a cylindrical shell with tangential slots and straight blades mounted tangentially to the inner circumference, with the end face of the shell facing the incoming flow of the mixture, it is fed with the disk so that during spreading the mixture gets through the cracks into the space between the blades, and from the other end of the blade the shells are mounted on the disk with a central hole designed to exit the swirling foamed gas-liquid flow, the separator is a rigidly fixed static element located under the central hole of the disk the last mixing stage, overlapping the cross section of the outlet stream and using centrifugal forces from the twist of the gas-liquid stream to separate the liquid and gas at the exit of the swirl. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the separator is a flat disk. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the separator is a cone facing the apex of the central hole of the swirl disk of the last mixing stage against the direction of the outgoing stream. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the separator is a cone with its apex facing the central hole of the swirl disk of the last mixing stage against the direction of the outgoing flow, the cone along the perimeter provided with tangential blades for swirling the flow, with the help of which it is rigidly fixed to the disk with the central hole of the swirl of the last mixing stage.

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