RU2400955C1 - Tussock removal machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: machine accommodates in-frame vertical milling drums. Work members of the milling drums represent equispaced concave disks tiered on an axis. The height of a spherical layer of the disks is not less than 10 cm. The convexity of the disks is turned to the frame. Along the edges, the disks have profiled notches with a cutting blade in the form of a convex curve described by equation: R=r×℮^γxtgα, where R is a polar radius of a blade edge point of the spherical disk; r is an initial profile radius of the blade edge; γ is a current rotation angle of radius R; α is an inclination of the blade edge, 45 °≤α≤75°; ℮ is an irrational number equal to ℮=2.718. The in-frame vertical milling drums are equispaced and unidirectional rotatable. The frame is inclined to the machine direction to overlap the trajectories of the spherical disks L=1/3×(R-r).

EFFECT: reduction in power consumption in tussock land conversion.

4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, and in particular to machines for destroying bumps while improving meadows and pastures.

A tillage tool is known for meadows and pastures (A.S. USSR No. 424521, Cl. АВВ 45/00, 1972), including milling drums sequentially mounted and stepwise mounted on the frame, a protective casing, a spring-loaded separating grate, a milling drum drive mechanism with a gearbox providing the reversibility of their rotation. The separating grate is installed under the protective cover between the milling drums in the zone of soil particles flow from the first milling drum to the safety damper located above the second milling drum, pivotally connected at one end to the lower part of the grate and the other to the frame.

A known machine for grinding bumps (A.S. USSR No. 427662, class. АВВ 45/00, 1972), including a frame, a support roller with a depth adjustment mechanism, a milling drum with a casing and a drive mechanism, a separating grill and a seal installed in front of the milling drum in the form of a drive track mounted at an angle to the horizon with a height-adjustable guide provided on it and in front of the cutter equipped with a counter plate.

A common disadvantage of the known machines is the complexity of the design and, accordingly, the low reliability of their work, low quality of soil treatment of meadows and pastures. In addition, the known machines are highly energy intensive due to the introduction of additional separation and re-grinding of the bumps, as well as compaction.

The most simple in design machines for the destruction of bumps with vertical milling drums.

Known machine for the destruction of bumps (AS USSR No. 124220, CL. A01B 45/00, 1959), including two cases mounted on the frame, on each of which a disk is mounted horizontally and four blades and a persistent headscarf are vertically fixed. Sharp-angled teeth are made on the outer circumference of the disks, and the edges of the blades have protrusions, the protrusions of the blades of the adjacent disk being included in the recesses between them.

The layout of this machine does not meet the conditions of work on very short soils. As a result, in order to obtain the required quality of crushing the bumps, two or three passes have to be made, which significantly increases the energy consumption for the development of closed lands. Grinding of cut bumps by disks takes place by breaking them with blades, which is a significantly energy-consuming operation.

A tillage implement is known (A.S. USSR No. 1130188, Cl. АВВ 49/02, 1983), containing a frame on which disk sections are mounted and a vertical drive mill mounted sideways in front of disk sections.

As in the previous case, the well-known tillage implement is not designed to work on heavily cropped lands. The discarded parts of the bumps are crushed by disk sections only in the event of contact with them, which leads to poor quality cultivation of highly shortened lands. Reprocessing the field increases the overall energy intensity of the bump removal process.

Known kochkorez (AS USSR No. 1380631, CL. AB 45/00, 1986, prototype) containing two vertical milling drums with opposing plates mounted on the frame. On both sides of the frame sections with working bodies are placed, each of which is made in the form of a share with a trellised blade mounted on an additional frame by means of a vertical axis with the possibility of rotation in the horizontal plane.

The famous kochkorez is a very energy-intensive machine. The ploughshare is trimmed and partially separated of the plant mass, the grinding operation is carried out mainly due to milling drums with opposing plates. The presence of a large number of working bodies and the operations performed by them increases the energy intensity of the machine.

The problem solved by this invention is to reduce the energy intensity of the device for removing bumps and improve the quality of their removal.

The technical result from the solution of the task is to reduce energy and material costs for the development of land near lands, which will subsequently affect the reduction in the cost of production derived from their use.

The object of the invention is solved in that in the device for removing bumps, including milling drums mounted on the frame, the working bodies of milling drums are made in the form of belt mounted spherical disks with an equal distance from each other with a spherical layer height H of at least 10 cm, a convex surface facing the frame and having curly cuts along their edge with a cutting blade in the form of a convex curve described by the equation: R = r × e ^{γ × tgα} , where R is the polar radius of the edge point of the blade of the spherical disk; r is the initial radius of the construction of the profile of the cutting edge of the blade; γ is the current value of the angle of rotation of radius R; α is the angle of inclination of the cutting edge of the blade, 45 ° ≤α≤75 °, e is an irrational number equal to e = 2.718, while the vertical milling drums are mounted on the frame at an equal distance from each other with the possibility of rotation in one direction, and the frame under angle to the direction of movement of the machine, providing overlapping trajectories of the movement of spherical disks L = 1/3 × (Rr).

The reduction in energy consumption of the claimed device for removing bumps in comparison with the known is achieved by the following:

- the design of the drum is such that it combines the functions of cutting the bumps and grinding them by one working body;

- selected such a form of the working body, the shape of the edge of the cutting blade and the angle of inclination of the cutting edge of the blade 45 ° ≤α≤75 °, which would provide the least energy-intensive cutting mode - cutting with sliding.

Improving the quality of removing bumps by the claimed device is achieved by the method of removing them, which involves the complete removal of bumps, regardless of whether the bump is completely or partially in the area of the milling drum, which can be implemented by installing milling drums on the frame so that an overlap of L = 1/3 × ( Rr) the trajectories of the working bodies of the frezbaraba. The amount of overlap is determined empirically, taking into account the conditions for reducing the energy intensity of the claimed device when the overlap area is sufficient to remove mounds by the previous and subsequent milling drums. Thanks to the tiered arrangement of the working bodies along the entire height of the axis of the milling drum, it is possible to remove bumps of all types: sedge, anthill, mole, pike, etc., and the shape of the spherical disc of the working body allows removal of bumps to a depth that meets agricultural requirements. The rotation of the milling drums in one direction allows the cutting mode to be performed with sliding synchronously by all working bodies.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows a device for removing bumps, side view; figure 2 is the same, plan view; figure 3 shows the working body of the frezbaraba; figure 4 is the same, a section aa in figure 3.

The device for removing bumps contains a frame 1 on which vertical milling drums are installed 2. The working bodies of the milling drums 2 are made in the form of a belt mounted on an axis 3 at an equal distance from each other of spherical disks 4, with a convex surface 5 facing the frame 1 and having curly edges cutouts 6 with a cutting blade 7 in the form of a convex curve described by the equation: R = r × e ^{γ × tgα} , where R is the polar radius of the edge point of the spherical disk blade; r is the initial radius of the construction of the profile of the cutting edge of the blade; γ is the current value of the angle of rotation of radius R; α is the angle of inclination of the cutting edge of the blade, 45 ° ≤α≤75 °, e is the irrational number equal to e = 2.718. The height of the spherical layer H (the part of the ball enclosed between two secant parallel planes with a radius R and r) is not less than 10 cm, due to which removal of the hummock to a depth of 3-5 cm is achieved, which corresponds to agrotechnical requirements.

Vertical milling drums 2 are mounted on the frame 1 at an equal distance from each other with the possibility of rotation in one direction, and the frame 1 is placed at an angle to the direction of movement of the machine, providing mutual overlap of the trajectories of movement (rotation) of the spherical disks L = 1/3 × (Rr) .

The axis 3 of the vertical drum 2 is driven into rotation from the tractor PTO by means of a V-belt transmission 8.

A device for removing bumps works as follows.

Frame 1 is installed in the working position. The tractor’s PTO is turned on and the working bodies are rotated - spherical discs 4 of the milling drum 2. When the machine is moving, the cutting edges of the blade 7 cut into the hummock, cutting it layer by layer with each spherical disc 4 of the milling drum 2, in the area of which the hummock is located. Due to the fact that the rotation paths of the spherical disks overlap, each hummock that is not completely crushed by the previous milling drum 2 is crushed by the next one, ensuring high purity of processing of the shortened sections of the soil.

The claimed device for removing bumps is industrially applicable, as it can be manufactured industrially, efficiently, feasibly and reproducibly.

Estimated (estimated) reduction in energy intensity - 15-20% compared with currently used. At the same time, the quality of the cultivated field is consistent with agrotechnical requirements: the destruction of bumps to fractions of soddy soil less than 5 cm in size, destruction below their base to a depth of 3-5 cm with careful grinding and uniform spreading over the surface (“Initial requirements for basic machine technological operations in crop production "/ Federal Agency for Agriculture. - M., 2004), prevention of clogging of working bodies with soil and vegetation due to the use of active working bodies in.

Claims (1)

A device for removing bumps, including vertical milling drums mounted on the frame, characterized in that the working bodies of the milling drums are made in the form of spherical disks with a spherical layer height H of at least 10 cm, having curly cutouts along their edge with a cutting blade in the form of a convex curve described by the equation R = r × e ^{γ × tgα} , where R is the polar radius of the point of the edge of the blade of the spherical disk; r is the initial radius of the construction of the profile of the cutting edge of the blade; γ is the current value of the angle of rotation of radius R; α is the angle of inclination of the cutting edge of the blade, 45 ° ≤α≤75 °; e is an irrational number equal to e = 2.718, and the spherical discs are tiered on the axis at an equal distance from each other and the convex surface facing the frame, while the vertical milling drums are installed on the frame at an equal distance from each other with the possibility of rotation in one direction, and the frame - at an angle to the direction of movement of the machine, providing overlapping of the trajectories of the movement of spherical disks L = 1/3 × (Rr).

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