RU2399488C2 - Device of low temperature pyrolysis of worn tyres by continuous method without preliminary preparation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: technological processes.

SUBSTANCE: device is intended for recycling of whole car tyres without preliminary preparation. Tyres are loaded into small cylinder - loading device with tightly closing cover and nozzles for smoke gases suction and exhaust. Loading and pyrolysis chambers are separated by tight gate with water cooling facility. Large cylinder serves as trommel in process of pyrolysis. In cylindrical tight pyrolysis chamber there is drive mounted with master gear and water cooling facility. Two guide rims are welded to trommel, one of which has inner threading of tooth to connect to master gear. Helical ribs are also available on inner surface of trommel with windows cut along. Trommel also has conical part with inner ribbing of reverse direction and windows. Protective jacket of device is lined with heat resistant and shielding material with gas burners mounted in it. Air ducts are also provided, as well as outlets of steam and gas mixture and smoke gases with heat exchangers. Steam and gas mixture at the outlet gets into cyclone and via catalyst into cooler-separator. Device is equipped with chambers for collection of solid fraction and metal cord with device for pressing of the latter into briquettes. Device is equipped with auger for product distribution.

EFFECT: invention provides for the possibility of mobile efficient process of tyres recycling that meets eco-friendly requirements.

10 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to devices that allow the mobile utilization of solid worn tires with the simultaneous production of secondary hydrocarbon energy carriers.

Every year, the problem of recycling used tires makes us look for new technologies and devices for processing tires that are consistent with new stringent environmental requirements, simplicity of the device and its maintenance, a minimum of equipment and jobs, relevance and usefulness, and obtaining the maximum useful cheap product that would be applicable, both heating oil and internal combustion engines.

A radical solution to this problem will help not only to resolve the issue of tire recycling, but also to obtain a greater number of secondary hydrocarbon energy sources, as 100% of the tire mass after pyrolysis goes into secondary, useful raw materials; 10-12% - metal cord, 10-15% - gas, 30-35% - solid component, in calorific value equal to anthracite, up to 50% - liquid component, from which gasoline, kerosene, diesel fuel, fuel oil are obtained by cracking, which can be used as heating oil, and for internal combustion engines.

In practice, the retort pyrolysis method is increasingly used, which involves filling the container with crushed product, sealing, testing for carbon dioxide sealing, placing the container in the heating chamber, heating, removing the container from the chamber, cooling with carbon dioxide and unloading the product from the container.

Cycling operations, low efficiency, more equipment and therefore more jobs, a sharp increase in energy costs leads to a significant increase in the cost of the resulting secondary product.

Many methods and devices for carrying out the process in a continuous way are proposed, but all of them have certain disadvantages and do not find application.

In RU 2062284 C1, publ. 06/20/1996, discloses a method for the disposal of tires, providing for the preliminary grinding of tires, loading into the reactor together with non-combustible material, up to 50% and processing at high temperatures up to 1700 ° C. All this increases energy costs, requires additional equipment, extra jobs, and also increases the percentage of sulfur content in the resulting product.

The originality of the design and solution of the sealing of the reactor space is characterized by a technical solution according to patent document RU 2251483 C2, publ. 05/10/2005, but the main drawback is the need for preliminary preparation of tires, in addition, the impeccable guarantee and reliability of proper loading (fitting tires on a cone) and unloading of residual product are doubtful.

Technical solution for patent document RU 2139187 C1, publ. 10.10.1999, provides for the continuity, simplification and cheapening of the process and provides for the loading of solid tires into the reactor, unloading of the solid fraction together with the steel cord. However, it does not disclose the design of the lock loading and unloading chambers and does not describe how to avoid the inflow of atmospheric air into the pyrolysis chamber with a temperature of 800 ° C or the discharge of the gas mixture from the chamber. In addition, high-temperature processing of the product will necessarily entail the formation of scale, carbon deposits and coking on the surfaces of the chamber.

The closest is the technical solution for patent document US 5167772 A, publ. 12/01/1992, which discloses a device for low-temperature pyrolysis without preliminary preparation of tires. The device provides for the loading of whole tires and heating them in a loading device. The loading and pyrolysis chambers are separated by a shutter. In a sealed cylindrical chamber, equipped with a means for exiting the vapor-gas mixture, pyrolysis is carried out. A device for heating the process gas and its outlet into the pyrolysis chamber is provided. The protective casing of the device is covered with refractory heat-shielding material. Heating elements are mounted in it, which can be made in the form of gas burners. Ducts and flue gas vents are provided. The solid fraction and metal cord must be collected in the appropriate chambers. However, the design and control system of this device is quite complicated, and the device itself is not mobile and compact.

The present invention is directed to a compact mobile device mounted on the chassis of an automobile semi-trailer.

The technical result consists in increasing the efficiency and high productivity of the device, which is easy to control by temperature conditions, and also provides a liquid component with the lowest possible percentage of sulfur content.

The specified technical result is achieved in that in a low-temperature pyrolysis device without preliminary preparation of whole worn tires, including a loading device, a shutter for shutting the loading and pyrolysis chambers, a device for heating the product with superheated gas, a cylindrical sealed pyrolysis chamber with the exit of the vapor-gas mixture, and the collection chamber are respectively solid fraction and steel cord, a device for heating the process gas and its output into the pyrolysis chamber, a protective casing, lined with fire according to the invention, a loading device with a hermetically sealed lid is placed in a small cylinder, and a large cylinder acts as a butane during the pyrolysis process, the shutter shutter of the loading and pyrolysis chamber is sealed, and its sealing device is equipped with a water cooling device, the device is equipped with a product discharge screw, and the metal cord collection chamber is equipped with a pressing device thereof into briquettes.

The drawing shows a mobile device for low-temperature pyrolysis of worn tires.

The whole tires arriving for recycling in packages of several pieces are loaded through the loading window 4 into the loading chamber and closed with a lid 5 with a rubber seal. After closing the cover, flue gas is blown through pipes 1, 6. After opening the shutter 7 with a rubber seal, the hydraulic cylinder 3 pushes the tire lot forward into the pyrolysis chamber with a piston. The heating of the product by gas jets 11 begins in the second half of the small stationary cylinder 2 of the reactor 10. Then, the already heated tires from the small cylinder 2 fall into the buter. A crown 9 is welded to the buter with a guide groove and internal cutting teeth for engagement with a drive gear 25 with a drive. The crowns 9 and 18 roll on the rollers 21, therefore, to exclude distortions in the loads, the device is installed in level. The support rollers and pinion gear have a water cooling device. The small cylinder 2 of the reactor 10 in the immediate vicinity of the shutter 7 is subjected to water cooling through the channels 8. The butar inside has a screw fins 24 with windows cut along it to destroy the product during rolling to shed small broken particles of the tire that have passed through the pyrolysis stage into the collector 23 for cooling and removing the screw 26 with the drive 19, also the conical part with the internal fins of the opposite direction and the windows. The heating of the reactor 10 and the half-pipes welded to it for pumping superheated gas into the butar cavity and the reactor is carried out by gas burners 12 mounted in a protection casing 13 with refractory lining and thermal protection. The exit of flue gases is carried out through the chimney 14 with heat exchangers mounted in it for heating the process gas and air, because flue gas outlet temperature 450-500 ° С. The metal cord, freed from the recycled material, is pushed from butar to a collector 20, where it is cooled, pressed into standard bags with a hydraulic cylinder with a piston 16, pushed out through a lock chamber similar to the loading chamber 4. The pyrolysis products are fed through outlet 15 to a cyclone to separate solid particles captured by the vapor-gas mixture flow and through the catalyst are fed into the cooler-separator to the fractional components of the liquid fraction and gas, which is used for technological purposes to ensure bots installation.

In the drawing are indicated respectively:

1. Flue gas supply pipe;

2. Housing loading and heating tires;

3. Piston with tire loading hydraulic cylinder;

4. Tire loading window;

5. Boot cover with rubber seal;

6. Flue gas outlet pipe after ventilation of the loading chamber;

7. The shutter shutter loading chamber from the pyrolysis chamber with a rubber seal;

8. Ring chambers of water cooling;

9. The directing crown with a conducted gear wheel;

10. Flues with superheated gas welded to the reactor vessel;

11. Jets of superheated gas;

12. Gas burners with torches;

13. The outer casing with refractory lining and thermal protection;

14. Flue gas outlet;

15. The output of the gas mixture;

16. A piston with a hydraulic cylinder for crimping metal cord;

17. The windows of the solid-state overflow;

18. The guide ring;

19. Reducer unloading auger;

20. Airlock for collecting, pressing and unloading metal cord packages;

21. Guiding support rollers with water cooling;

22. The rotating inner shell of the pyrolysis reactor - butar;

23. The chamber for collecting spillage (solid component);

24. Screw guides for tire destruction during the rotation of the butars;

25. Drive gear and water-cooled drive with lubrication channel;

26. Unloading auger.

In addition, it should be noted that transportation of this installation and transportation of the resulting product to its storage location will cost significantly less than transportation of tires to a permanent location of the installation.

Claims (10)

1. A device for low-temperature pyrolysis without preliminary preparation of whole worn tires, which includes a loading device, a shutter for shutting off the loading and pyrolysis chambers, a device for heating the product with superheated gas, a cylindrical sealed pyrolysis chamber with the exit of a vapor-gas mixture, a collection chamber, respectively, of solid fraction and metal cord , a device for heating the process gas and its output into the pyrolysis chamber, a protective casing lined with refractory heat-shielding material with a built-in with gas burners, air ducts and a flue gas outlet, characterized in that the loading device with a hermetically sealed cover is placed in a small cylinder, and the large cylinder acts as a butane during the pyrolysis process, the shutter shutter of the loading and pyrolysis chamber is designed airtight, and its sealing device equipped with a water cooling device, while the device is equipped with a product delivery screw, and the metal cord collection chamber is equipped with a device for pressing it into briquettes. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the loading chamber is equipped with flue gas inlet and outlet nozzles. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that a drive with a pinion gear having a water cooling device is mounted in the pyrolysis chamber. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that water-cooled guide support rollers are mounted in the protection casing. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that two wreath guides are welded to the butarer, one of which has an internal tooth groove for connection to the pinion gear. 6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that on the inner surface of the butars there are screw fins with windows cut along them. 7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the butary has a conical part with an internal ribbing of the opposite direction and windows. 8. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the steel cord collection chamber is equipped with a pressing chamber and a lock discharge chamber similar to a loading chamber. 9. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that at the outlet of the chimney there are process gas and air heat exchangers. 10. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the gas-vapor mixture at the outlet enters the cyclone and through the catalyst into the cooler-separator.

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