RU2395345C1 - Hydraulic separator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to devices for separating particles according to hydraulic size, density and geometrical dimensions and can be used in mining, construction, chemical and other industries. The hydraulic separator includes a cylindrical housing made in form of two coaxial cylinders whose bottom edges are hermetically joined to receivers of the separation products, forming the bottom of the housing, fitted inside the housing with spacing to the bottom with possibility rotation, separation chambers with radial plates made in form of two coaxial cylindrical shells which form communicating vessels with the housing, a shaft with a rotary actuator, an initial material feeder, receivers of separation products, a device stabilising the level of water in the separation chambers and pipes for spillover of pulp. In the gap between the separation chambers and receivers of separation products there is a screen which is made in form of separate segments of a circular ring with possibility of their radial displacement and removal. The cylindrical shells are joined by pairs of flat-topped guides with the base up. Radial plates are made from separate rectangular elements fitted in the guides with possibility of their vertical displacement. The housing is fitted with a level regulating device in the separation zone, which is made in form of an external pocket with pipes for discharge and inlet of water, fitted on the height of the outer cylinder from its top edge to the level of the top edge of the bottom element of the radial plates.

EFFECT: more efficient separation, as well as wider field of using for treatment and classification of mineral material.

2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a device for separating particles by hydraulic size, density, geometric dimensions and can be used in mining, construction, chemical and other industries.

Known hydraulic classifier of granular materials (A.S. No. 1738358, IPC B03B 5/62, Bulletin No. 21, 1992). The hydraulic classifier contains a cylindrical body with a bottom, made in the form of a truncated cone installed with a smaller base upwards, in the lower part of which there are mounted nozzles - receivers for separation products. Inside the cylindrical body is a cylindrical shell connected to the drive shaft. On the outer side of the shell, radial plates are installed with a gap to the body and the bottom, which together with the shell form rotating dividing chambers in the body, above which the source material feeder is mounted. The disadvantages of the known hydraulic classifier of granular materials that reduce the efficiency of separation of particles by size include:

- the height of the liquid in the separation chambers in the radial direction, limited by the surface of the truncated cone, is different, and therefore, the deposition time of particles of the same hydraulic size is different;

- the time of deposition of particles in the liquid and plus the time of their sliding on the surface of the conical bottom in unequal lengths from the point of incidence on this surface to the holes leading to the receiving nozzles even more differs, even for particles of the same shape (with one coefficient of friction);

- a layer of separated material formed on the surface of the cone with a height equal to the gap between the separation plates and the specified surface will periodically, as it accumulates, drain into various receivers of separation products.

The closest in technical essence is a hydraulic separator (RF Patent No. 2319548, IPC B03B 5/62, 2006) for separating particles by size, containing a cylindrical body with a bottom, mounted inside the body, with a gap to it and the bottom with the possibility of rotation, separation chambers with radial plates, a shaft with a rotation drive, a source material feeder and receivers of separation products. The housing is made in the form of two coaxial cylinders, the lower edges of which are hermetically connected to the receivers of the separation products, forming the bottom of the housing, and the separation chambers are made in the form of two coaxial cylindrical shells that form a communicating vessel with the housing. The housing is equipped with a device for stabilizing the water level in the separation chamber - a pipe for overflowing water from the housing.

The main disadvantages of the known separator are:

- the lack of the ability to effectively enrich small and large fractions at the same height of the radial plates and, accordingly, the level of pulp. For large (more than 1 mm) classes, all other things being equal, a higher pulp level is required. In addition, particles, especially small ones, during deposition to the same depth significantly deviate from the vertical path, which also leads to mutual clogging of the separation products and confirms the need to reduce the height of the separation chamber;

- the lack of an overflow pipe system that allows separation at appropriate pulp levels;

- high water consumption with enrichment products (separation by density) due to the forced use of the total number of receivers of separation products, which in turn are necessary for the actual classification of particles by size. The necessary number of receivers for enrichment is two or three, while for hydraulic classification more than a dozen are required.

Fluctuations (deviation from vertical deposition) of especially small particles increase with increasing height of the radial plates, i.e. the depths of immersion of these particles in water. At the same time, the depth of immersion affects the separation of particles by their hydraulic fineness. Therefore, to optimize the separation process, a change in the height of the plates is required depending on the characteristics of the feedstock and the presence of a device restricting the use of separation product receivers as necessary.

The objective of the invention is to increase the separation efficiency and expand the scope of both simultaneous enrichment and classification of mineral raw materials.

This is achieved by the fact that

1) radial plates made of separate rectangular elements provide the ability to set the required level of the separation zone, for example, the installation of three elements (high separation zone) for enrichment / classification of large particles, and the installation of one element (low level of the separation zone) for enrichment / classification fine particles;

2) the installation of a screen made of individual elements in the form of segments of a circular ring, for example three, with the possibility of their radial movement, installed above the receivers of separation products, provides the output of the required number of enrichment / classification products.

In Fig.1 shows a hydraulic separator (General view); figure 2 is a section along aa; figure 3 is a section along BB.

The hydraulic separator contains a cylindrical body formed by the outer 1 and inner 2 cylinders, to the lower edge of which are attached receivers of separation products 3 with cranes 4 for periodic or continuous unloading. Separation chambers 5 are made coaxially with cylinders 1 and 2 with gaps to them and receivers of separation products. elements (for example, three) with the possibility of their vertical movement between the rails and removal. The separation chambers by means of a traverse 8 are connected to the shaft 9 and driven by an electric motor 10. The separator is equipped with a source material feeder 11 mounted above the separation chamber, and a device for adjusting the level of the separation zone 12, installed along the height of the outer cylinder from its upper edge to the level corresponding to the installation one element of the radial plates. The device is made in the form of an external pocket with nozzles for draining and supplying water. In the gap between the separation chamber and the receivers of the separation products, screen plates 13 are installed in the form of segments of a circular ring with the possibility of their movement and removal.

The separator works as follows. In the enrichment mode of a material containing particles of different densities and previously dispersed into sufficiently narrow particle size classes, plates of the screen 13 are installed in such a way as to prevent the distribution of particles across all receivers of separation products and to ensure unloading only from certain cranes. A certain height of the separator working zone is set depending on the size of the material in the feed by setting the number of elements of the radial plates 7 and the set operating mode of the device for adjusting the level of the separation zone 12. The housing formed by the outer 1 and inner 2 cylinders with the receivers of separation products 3 and installed in dividing chambers 5 are filled with water to the appropriate level of the working zone of the separator. The cameras through the shaft 9 and the electric motor 10, connected by a traverse 8, are driven into rotation. The feed material 11 is fed into the chamber by the feeder 11 in dry form or in the form of liquid pulp. Particles of the material under the influence of gravitational, Archimedean and water resistance forces acquire a different fall rate and, depending on it, the height and speed of rotation of the chamber are distributed among the receivers and plates of the screen in accordance with their hydraulic size. As the chambers move through the bottom of the radial plates, the material accumulated on the screen plates is mechanically transported to the respective receivers of the enrichment products. Unloading of products from receivers that are not covered by the screen is performed continuously or periodically depending on the separation mode by cranes 4. In the hydraulic classification mode of the material, plates of the screen 13 are not installed to obtain narrow particle size classes, and the process is carried out similarly, however, the products are unloaded from all receivers. Optimization of the process of separation of the source material is carried out by changing the speed of rotation of the separation chamber and the level of the separation zone.

The high efficiency of separation of particles by their size or density is achieved by the fact that the apparatus virtually eliminates the mixing conditions of these particles and its design allows to better optimize the separation process.

Claims (2)

1. A hydraulic separator, including a cylindrical body, made in the form of two coaxial cylinders, the lower edges of which are hermetically connected to the receivers of the separation products, forming the bottom of the body, installed inside the body with a gap to it and the bottom with the possibility of rotation of the separation chamber with radial plates, made in in the form of two coaxial cylindrical shells that form a communicating vessel with a housing, a shaft with a rotation drive, a source material feeder, receivers of separation products, a device for tabulation of the water level in the separation chambers — a pipe for pulp overflow, characterized in that a screen is made in the gap between the separation chambers and the receivers of the separation products, made in the form of separate segments of a circular ring with the possibility of their radial movement and removal, cylindrical shells are connected by pairs of guides П- shaped upside down, and the radial plates are made of separate rectangular elements mounted in rails with the possibility of vertical movement. 2. The hydraulic separator according to claim 1, characterized in that the housing is equipped with a device for regulating the level of the separation zone, made in the form of an external pocket with nozzles for draining and supplying water, installed along the height of the outer cylinder from its upper edge to the level of the upper edge of the lower element radial plates.

Images