RU2393086C2 - Method and device for artificial ageing of stones - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to method and device for artificial ageing of stones, particularly concrete blocks, clinker bricks and natural stones. Proposed device comprises support plate with bricks arranged so that their surface to be aged and adjoining faces are open. To age said surfaces and faces, in fact free moving impact bodies are used. Vibration device moves stones and impact bodies so that impact bodies affect aforesaid surfaces and open faces. Note here that impact bodies are locked in clamping appliances so that they can move unobstructed with the limits of certain section of stone surface.

EFFECT: perfected device and method of artificial ageing of stones.

37 cl, 13 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a device for artificial aging of stones, in particular concrete blocks, clinker bricks and natural stones according to paragraph 1 of the restrictive part of the claims. The proposed invention also relates to a method for artificial aging of stones according to paragraph 43 of the restrictive part of the claims.

A similar aging device is known from DE 202004020206.9.

Stones, for example cladding elements, elements of the front side of a building, lime-sand stones, concrete blocks, bricks, in particular clinker bricks, natural stones and similar materials, regardless of their properties, are often subjected to further processing so as not to look artificial.

Such treatment is especially often performed only on concrete blocks made, set, in particular concrete paving stones, during which surfaces, and / or faces are beaten, in particular broken, in order to give them in this way an appearance corresponding to a natural stone. To do this, a large number of concrete blocks are placed in a rotating drum and there is "mixed", and the surfaces and faces of the stones hit each other and the stones thus treated in an "aged" state leave the drum. A similar device is known from DE-OS publication 2922393. When processing concrete blocks in a rotating drum, surfaces and faces that are not located in the laid pavement at all are also subject to change. It spends extra energy and time. In addition, for transporting concrete blocks processed and extracted from a rotating drum, they must be folded in a certain order on a pallet, which requires incomparable labor and time.

The prior art sorting plants for sorting stones, respectively leveling stones and stacking them in the form of pallets. Such sorting plants require high costs for their acquisition and operation, and, in addition, their installation requires an appropriate place.

From the publication DE 3621276 C2 a method is known in which concrete blocks are laid in a specific order in one layer on a flat base plate. Then, on open surfaces and adjacent open faces or, essentially, only on the faces of concrete blocks, impacts are unevenly applied by means of a vibrating batter or percussion device.

Using this method allows you to abandon the use of the subsequent sorting device, since the production layer does not change. Before processing with a beater or percussion device, the stones are moved together and aligned on a flat base plate, so they fit snugly against each other, and there is no longer any gap between them. Percussion instruments of the percussion device are mounted on a movable trolley, by means of which the instruments, moving above the surfaces of stones, strike at open surfaces and upper faces of stones.

The disadvantage of this method, however, is that the stones so aged look like artificially processed, and not become as a result of natural aging. According to the corresponding publication of the ideal fracture of the faces of stones formed when they are mixed in a rotating drum, using this method does not work.

From the publication EP 0860258 B2, a device and method are known in which the stones are arranged in one or two layers, preferably in the position of the production layer, between two elements, preferably between two plates. Moreover, the bottom plate, on which the concrete blocks lie, is in functional connection with the vibrating device. The vibrating device drives the blocks, moving as a result of this back and forth. In this case, the blocks hit both against each other and the upper and lower plates, as a result of which the edges on the upper and lower sides are chipped. In addition, strips on the upper and lower sides are struck accordingly with the intended plates. The vertical side faces of the concrete blocks, as well as the side surfaces break off, in particular, they are encircled with the corresponding adjacent blocks.

It has been experimentally established that the destruction of faces occurs the worse, the larger the size of the aged block. This is due to the fact that the angle of impact becomes flatter, the larger the size of the block located between the plates. With a flat angle of impact, a poor face cleavage is obtained.

In this case, similar to the method of aging by means of a rotating drum, the disadvantage is that the surfaces and faces of the stones are processed, which probably will not be visible at all, as a result of which extra energy and time are wasted. In addition, it takes a lot of time necessary for processing, in particular, set concrete blocks, and the “damage” of the faces is far from ideal.

From the corresponding publication DE 202004020206.9 there is known a device for artificial aging of stones, according to which the stones are laid on a base plate, preferably with a production layer, so that the surfaces and adjacent faces to be processed are open. Then, shock bodies (made of metal) freely moving by means of a magnet are brought to the work surface. With the help of a vibrating device, the base plate on which the stones lie begins to vibrate. As a result, stones and shock bodies are set in motion relative to each other so that the shock bodies affect the surfaces and exposed faces of the stones.

Known from the publication DE 202004020206.9, the device allows for quick and effective aging of the upper side of the stones and limiting the aging of its open faces. Impact bodies randomly collide with the surfaces of stones, and therefore randomly strike at them, resulting in an appearance corresponding to a naturally aged stone.

After the aging process is completed, the metal shock bodies again rise from the surface of the stones by means of a magnet, as it approaches the stones. A layer of stones can be removed and a new layer reapplied. The disadvantage is the high cost of the magnet used. Another disadvantage is the additional time required to use the magnet for dropping and removing shock bodies, which increases the duration of the production cycle.

Based on this, the objective of the proposed invention is to improve the known from the relevant publications device for artificial aging of stones, in particular the development of a device and method that allows for low cost and quick aging of stones.

This problem is solved using the device according to paragraph 1 of the claims.

In accordance with the invention, this problem is also solved by applying the method according to paragraph 43 of the claims.

Due to the fact that the shock bodies are fixed movably, and such a fixation allows the movement of shock bodies within the boundaries of a certain part of the surface of the stones, on the one hand, it becomes possible to apply irregular impacts to the surfaces, in particular the faces of the stones adjacent to them, and therefore visibility is created corresponding naturally an aged stone, and, on the other hand, a magnet can be discarded, dropping and pulling shock bodies from the surface. Due to the use of vibration, for example, produced by a vibrating table located under the stones, the stones and shock bodies, as described in the corresponding publication, are set in motion relative to each other, as a result of which the shock bodies affect the surface and the edges of stones adjacent to it.

The proposed solution allows several options for dropping, in particular, the attraction of shock bodies from the surfaces of stones, and therefore there are several possibilities to abandon the magnet so far necessary. For example, in one embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the mounting device on which the shock bodies are movably fixed can reciprocate to lift the shock bodies from the surface of the stones, in particular, bring them to the surface. Thus, lifting shock bodies from an old layer of stones and lowering them onto a new layer of stones ready for aging is carried out quickly, therefore, short production cycles are maintained. The additional time compared to the prior art is significantly reduced.

A particular advantage of the proposed solution, according to the inventor, is that you can completely abandon the raising and lowering of the shock bodies. In particular, the movable fixation, in particular the suspension of shock bodies, makes it possible to carry out the proposed device together with a conveying device, for example, in the form of a pushing bar or conveyor belt, pushing continuously, in particular, stones that are continuously or periodically in the process of aging under movably fixed shock bodies . The successive aging of the stone is also understood as the interval during which the stones are pushed under the shock bodies with short breaks, for example for 5 seconds. In this case, shock bodies, actuated in the usual way, when using vibration, age the stones. As described previously, by means of movable and flexible fixation, on the one hand, the unevenness of impacts on stones is ensured, and, on the other hand, the movement of shock bodies with stones is not allowed. Impact bodies age stones correspondingly that are within the boundaries of certain areas fixed to the shock bodies.

A certain section can be selected, for example, depending on the number of shock bodies, the number of stones and the speed of their advancement.

Moreover, it turned out that for this a relatively small area is already quite enough, within the boundaries of which the shock bodies are mobile on the surface of the stones. This prevents shock bodies from falling (due to their great mobility) into the gap between the two stones and their possible jamming there.

According to the invention, it can be provided that the shock bodies are arranged unevenly in the direction of movement of the fastening device across the stones and in the direction of the movement unevenly, in particular randomly, in order to avoid the manifestation of a pattern in the aging of stones.

In addition, in accordance with the invention, it is provided that the shock bodies arranged in several rows across the direction of movement of the stones are arranged in such a manner that the rows of shock bodies overlap the respective transported stones. In this case, the aging effect can be changed depending on the number of rows of shock bodies, under the influence of impacts of which stones should follow under them. In addition, the degree of aging depends on the speed of passage of stones, as well as on the effect of vibration.

By choosing the appropriate number of rows of shock bodies, the proposed device can be quite simply integrated into the production process of stone production without reducing the duration of the production cycle. Stones can be passed through the appropriate device at a given speed, and the aging effect will depend on the number of rows of shock bodies. Preferably, one row of shock bodies is offset relative to the row of shock bodies located in front of or behind it in order to uniformly process the surfaces of the stones. Although, in principle, it is necessary that they be given an unevenly aged appearance, obtained automatically by movingly fixing the shock bodies. Due to their location with displacement, it is possible with a sufficient degree of reliability to avoid prolonged coincidence of impacts on stones within a certain area. In this regard, it is also possible to provide for different distances between the rows of shock bodies.

When implementing the proposed solution using a continuously functioning conveying device, it is sufficient that at least the shock bodies of one row cover with their specific areas of impact the stones moving under them along the entire width.

In principle, one row of shock bodies, in particular a small number of rows of shock bodies, may be enough to age the stones. However, as practice has shown, in this case the optimal picture of aging is not obtained, and, in addition, this requires a relatively low speed of advancement of stones.

In an example implementation of the proposed solution, in which a continuously operating conveying device is not used, such fixation of shock bodies can be provided in which certain sections of individual shock bodies cover at least the entire surface, preferably along the layers of the supplied stones.

An intermittent aging process involves feeding stones to the aging area in layers, in particular with one batch, and effecting aging during one cycle, in particular stones are transported further only after the aging process is completed.

As one of the options for the intermittent aging process, it is also envisaged to use several aging devices, in which the stones are fed in turn, and the stones are brought to the desired degree of aging after passing through all the plants.

In contrast to the intermittent aging process, the continuous process provides for the continuous transportation of stones in the feeding direction, in particular, not the targeted feeding of the stone layer or one batch into the installation (s), but it is a continuous process. This also becomes possible with interval feeding of stones. The vibration process must be carried out continuously in this case. In this case, the stones remain in their position for a relatively short period of time, for example, for 5 seconds (without feeding), and then slightly move on. As a result of the tests, the preferred aging effect was obtained without systematic coincidences.

The invention provides for the possibility of mutual overlapping of certain areas of action of shock bodies.

The space for moving the shock bodies defined by the movable fixation should preferably be selected so that the shock bodies cannot accidentally fall into the gap between the two stones.

Moreover, in accordance with the invention, it is provided that shock bodies that are at rest are meant in the absence of vibration on stones and shock bodies, based on stones.

However, an arrangement of shock bodies with some clearance above the stones is also possible. Thus, stones are transported under the impact bodies without scratches. In particular, if there is a gap between the stones and the shock bodies, it is possible to process stones of greater thickness without difficulty, since they undergo aging at a higher amplitude of the shock bodies and are therefore pushed upwards. As it turned out, the presence of a gap makes it possible to enhance the aging of the faces of the stones and reduces the degree of aging of the surface of the stones, which may be preferable depending on the purpose, in particular, the desired appearance.

But nevertheless, for more effective aging, it is advisable that the shock bodies rest on the surface, thereby they do not need to overcome the gap at the beginning of the movement (loss of impact energy). In particular, when aged stones of smaller thickness are processed with a small amplitude of the shock bodies, taking into account the danger of turning the stones during vibration, it is advisable that the shock bodies contact the surface of the stones also at rest.

It can be provided that a certain section, within the boundaries of which shock bodies move along the surface of the stones, corresponds to their movement, in particular to a displacement in all directions of 5 to 40 mm, preferably 10 mm. If we assume that the shock bodies have a spherical shape and a diameter of 40 mm, then we would get a certain section in the form of a circle with a diameter of preferably 60 mm. Moreover, for the image of a certain area, the coverage, in particular the horizontal cross section of the shock bodies, will be about 10 mm in all horizontal directions.

An advantage is if the fixation of the shock bodies is carried out in such a way that they can make a reciprocating movement resulting from the onset of vibration, to a large extent without limitation.

Moreover, in one of the constructive embodiments of the invention, it is provided that the fastening device to which the shock bodies are fixed is placed above the stones. Moreover, the fastening device may be a plane running parallel to the surface of the stones, in particular a combination of fastening elements, for example, formed by a large number of rows of fastening devices located across the direction of the stones. The fixation of shock bodies to the fastening elements can be carried out by means of fasteners, which can be made, for example, in the form of chains, cables, rods or profile elements of various shapes. The fasteners can have a variety of forms and can be performed in different ways, while preferably they should provide the unlimited movement of the shock bodies within the boundaries of a certain section, and, on the other hand, enable the shock bodies to make a reciprocating motion without a large energy loss.

Preferably, the shock bodies are fixed to the fastening elements, respectively, one at a time.

When implementing the proposed device using a continuously functioning conveying device, it can be provided that, in the area where the stones pass under the influence of shock bodies, there are means that raise at least a limited area of the stone so that the raised limited area of the stone protrudes into direction of shock bodies and was subjected to a stronger effect. These means can be made, for example, in the form of elevations, passing through which the lower side of the stone is pushed out during the feed movement (carried out by the conveying device). Elevations can be made preferably in the form of a ramp, so that the stone comes up the ramp, at least some of its part, and then again fell down, in particular, again moved out of it. As a result, if you look in the direction of the feed movement, the front section of the stone is first lifted and due to this it falls under a stronger impact of the shock bodies, while after that the middle and then back sections of the stone appear in the direction of the shock bodies.

According to the invention, it can be provided that the elevations are arranged so that the stones move through the elevations with a displacement of their lower side, as a result of which respectively one side of the stone (when viewed in the direction of movement) undergoes a more intensive aging process. It is provided that each side of each stone is lifted at least once. To reduce friction between the elevation and the underside of the stone, it may be provided that the elevations have rollers or are made in the form of rollers. However, due to the fact that the stones are also constantly rising in this area under the influence of vibration, the friction between the elevation and the lower part of the stone is so small.

Means for lifting stones can also be made as described in publication US 2002/014224 A1.

Preferred embodiments and improvements of the invention are set forth in the dependent claims. Below is a basic description of two examples of carrying out the invention with reference to the drawings.

The drawings show the following.

Figure 1: a production layer of stones placed on a base plate and moved by means of a conveying device to the aging area; shock bodies not shown, top view.

Figure 2: the proposed device, and the shock bodies are arranged in rows across the direction of movement of the stone feed on the fastening elements, side view.

Figure 3: view of figure 2 in accordance with the direction of arrow III.

Figure 4: shock bodies suspended by means of fasteners in the form of chains to receiving devices in the form of guides, detailed image.

Figure 5: an alternative embodiment of fasteners with a cavity containing a fastener.

6: fastener according to figure 5 with a shock body, detailed image.

7: eccentrically weighted fastener, detail image.

Fig: transporting device adapted for transporting a layer of stones in a special way, and the stones move along the base plate by means of a push rod connected to the chain link, perspective view.

Fig.9: conveying device according to Fig.8, a General side view.

Figure 10: transporting device in which the chain link has at least one push rod and one restriction rod, and between the push rod and the limit rod there is a rug on which the stones lie and extend along the base plate, perspective image.

11: conveying device in accordance with figure 10, General side view.

12: conveyor device with a chain link with at least one pushing rod, with a belt or belt conveyor additionally provided on which the stones are located, general side view.

Fig.13: the transporting device in accordance with Fig.9 with a pushing bar and a restriction bar made therein, specially adapted for aging a cross-section in the form of a trapezoid, in particular, unstable stones placed in its layer, general side view.

According to the invention, any stones are used for aging, for example, cladding elements, elements of the front side of a building, lime-sand stones, concrete blocks, bricks, in particular clinker bricks or natural stones, regardless of their properties. Next, with reference to examples of carrying out the invention describes the process of aging stones 1 made in the form of concrete stones. However, of course, the invention is not limited to this.

The manufacturing process of concrete stones 1, in particular concrete paving stones, is well known, therefore, it will not be described in more detail below. Concrete stones 1 leave the production plant mainly by the production layer, that is, in the order in which a large number of concrete stones 1 are located in one layer next to each other. As an example, such a production layer is presented in figure 1.

Figure 2 shows the concrete stones placed evenly in one layer on the base plate 2. In this case, the concrete stones are arranged so that the face 1b to be machined, in particular the surface 1a to be machined (usually the visible side) of the stone 1 is from above.

Regarding the general principle of aging using freely moving shock bodies 3, as shown in FIGS. 2-7, reference should be made to publication DE 202004020206.9.

As shown in FIGS. 2-6, the processing of the surfaces 1a and the adjacent faces 1b of the stones 1 is carried out by the shock bodies 3, essentially freely moving within a certain section 4 of the surface 1a of the stones 1. In this case, the shock bodies 3 are fixed movably, in particular located or suspended from the mounting device 5. In particular, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, a vibrating device 6 is provided for stones 1 and shock bodies 3 to communicate with each other in such a way that shock bodies 3 are exposed on the surface 1a and open faces 1b of stones 1. Vibration device 6 , consisting, for example, of several vibrational generators, transmits vibration to the base plate 2 and affects the stones 1 and the shock bodies 3. Moreover, the base plate 2 may also be the upper side of the vibration device 6, for example, vibro tola. The base plate 2 may also be a conveyor belt, on which the stones 1 are laid. In this case, for the preferred embodiments of the invention, as well as for creating vibration, refer to publication DE 202004020206.9.

As shown in the drawings, the shock bodies 3 move freely relative to the surface 1a both within a certain portion 4 and with respect to each other. Impact bodies 3 can be made of any material. In an example embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the shock bodies 3 are made of hardened metal, metal or steel. The shape of the shock bodies 3 can also be chosen any, and it turned out that preferably the shock bodies 3 should be spherical, ring-shaped, polyhedral, cylindrical or in the form of a washer. In the illustrated exemplary embodiment, the shock bodies 3 are substantially spherical, but with two flattened opposite sides. In particular, this can be seen in detail in FIGS. 4, 6 and 7.

As can be seen when comparing FIGS. 2 and 3, the fastening device 5 is located parallel to the surfaces 1a of the stones 1. Moreover, the fastening device 5 has a large number of fastening elements 7, respectively extending across the entire width of the stones 1 to be aged, that is, across the feed movement. The shock bodies 3 are located, in particular fixed, in particular suspended, by means of fasteners 8 to the fastening elements 7. According to the embodiments of FIGS. 2-4, the fasteners 8 are shown in chains. Moreover, the chains are made of metal. The fastening elements 7 have, as, in particular, shown in FIG. 4, guiding devices 7a in which metal chains are suspended 8. Each impact body 3 is individually connected via an individual fastener 8 to the fastening element 7. Therefore, if it is necessary to replace the shock body 3, this is very simple.

In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the shock bodies 3 of one row 7 fit snugly against each other, for example, have a gap of 2 to 20 mm, preferably 5 to 10 mm.

In addition, an exemplary embodiment of the invention provides that the fastening elements 7, in particular the entire fastening device 5, are set in motion during impacts of shock bodies 3 against stones 1. This maintains unevenness of impacts of shock bodies 3 against stones 1. Moreover, such a preferred oscillatory the movement of the fastening elements 7, in which they move axially back and forth. Structurally, this is achieved by known means (for example, an eccentric arrangement or using an arbitrarily controlled pneumatic cylinder).

Figures 5, 6 and 7 show an alternative embodiment of fasteners 8 to Figures 2 and 4. Moreover, the fasteners 8 have a profile forming a cavity 8a capable of covering the fastening element 7 (in the example of the invention, in the form of a pipe or rods) to give the fastener 8 such mobility with respect to the fastening element 7 that located on the fastener 8, in particular the shock body 3 connected to it, can perform both reciprocating motion and movement within a certain ASTK 4. In accordance with embodiments of the invention, represented in Figures 5, 6 and 7, fastener 8 is a correspondingly curved quadrangular profile. According to the embodiment of FIG. 6, the defined portion 4 is elliptical. The fact is that the fastener 8 made in the form of a tetrahedral profile mainly allows the shock body 3 to move in the direction of the feed movement, in particular against it. In contrast, the embodiment of the invention in accordance with FIGS. 2 and 4 makes it possible to form an essentially defined portion 4 in the form of a circle. True, in this case, too, a certain section 4 acquires essentially the shape of an ellipse, taking into account the direction of the flow of stones 1, even if this shape is less pronounced.

In accordance with the embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 6, it can be provided that the deflection of the shock bodies 3 in the direction of movement is from 30 to 200 mm, preferably from 50 to 150 mm. Moreover, in addition, it may be provided that the next row of 7 shock bodies 3 is located from the previous row of 7 shock bodies 3 at a distance of 10 to 20 mm greater than the maximum deviation of the shock bodies 3 during operation of the device.

The fasteners 8, including the shock bodies 3, have a length of 200 mm or more in this embodiment. Preferred was a total length of from 100 to 400 mm.

As can be seen in FIG. 5, the fastening elements 7 have distance elements 9 at equal distances, providing a certain arrangement of fasteners 8 of the same row, and also preventing warping relative to other adjacent fasteners 8.

As shown in Fig.6, the cavity 8a of the fasteners 8 can be divided by a partition 8b, in particular, respectively restricting the upward movement of the shock body 3. Moreover, a variable installation position of the partition 8b may be provided, allowing you to adjust the upward movement, in this case, depending on the aged stones one.

7 shows the location of the shock bodies 3, in which the shock bodies 3 at rest are oriented against the direction of movement. Moreover, when the stones 1 move in the transport direction (indicated by an arrow), the shock bodies 3, in particular the fasteners 8, take a vertical position (shown by a dotted line). The installation of shock bodies 3 at rest is selected so that during movement they take a vertical position. In the example embodiment of the invention, the side of the fasteners 8 located ahead of the stones 1 is weighted with an additional load 15 (it can be made together with the fastener). The additional load 15 can also be located on the shock body 3. By means of the additional load 15, the shock bodies 3 are at an angle to the direction of transport at rest. This tilt can be achieved in another way, for example due to asymmetric or disproportionate suspension and (or) the execution of fasteners 8, in particular, shock bodies 3. Also, in accordance with the invention, it can be provided that at least located on the feed section rows 7 of shock bodies 3, referring to a series of shock bodies 3, through which stones pass primarily when fed to the aging area, are inclined in the direction of movement (not shown). Structurally, this can be done similarly to tilting against the direction of movement. The advantage is that the skew of the stones 1 with respect to the shock bodies 3 is eliminated, and as a result, the stones are fed easily. In an alternative embodiment not shown, the inclination of all shock bodies 3 at rest in the direction of travel may also be provided.

In the examples of carrying out the invention, it is provided that the stones 1 are transported by means of a conveying device 10 under the shock bodies 3, in particular they pass through the actual aging section. A large number of different conveying devices are known from the general prior art. For example, in this case we can speak of belt, belt or chain conveyors or the like. In an example embodiment of the invention, the conveying device is made in the form of a chain conveyor 10 with a feed bar 11 that moves the stones 1 along the base plate 2, in particular, on the aging site itself, directly on the vibrating table. In addition, in an example embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the chain conveyor 10 sequentially advances the stones 1 under the shock bodies 3. In this case, the speed of movement can be set taking into account the overall speed of the production process, in particular, the result of aging.

Alternatively, in this case, it can also be provided that the chain conveyor 10 only pushes the stones 1 to be aged, for example, the entire production layer to the intended position, and during the aging process, the stones 1 do not move forward (intermittent transportation). After the aging process is completed, in particular, after the impact of the impact bodies 3 on the surfaces 1a and the adjacent faces 1b of the stones 1 within the desired limits is completed, the chain conveyor 10 can continue to transport the stones 1, and load a new layer on the vacated space.

The chain conveyor 10 is made in the form of a conveying device moving in a closed circle. In an example embodiment of the invention, both traction chains of the chain conveyor 10 extend outside the vibration device 6, and therefore vibration does not affect their operability. In principle, there are many design methods for protecting the chain conveyor 10 from vibration. Between the push rod 11, located between the two rotating chains of the conveyor 10, and the vibration table, in particular the base plate 2, there is a gap that excludes the contact of the vibration table, in particular the base plate 2, with the push rod 11. Based on this, the gap between the push rod and the top side of the base plate 2, in particular the vibration table, must be greater than the maximum vibration of the vibration table, in particular the base plate 2, towards the pushing rod 11. As a rule, the vibration table, in particular the support the plate 2 oscillates, in particular it moves towards the pushing rod 11 by a maximum of not more than 4 mm, therefore, for example, a gap of 10 mm is sufficient so that the vibration table, in particular the base plate, does not touch the pushing rod 11 and she could move thanks to it calmly and without blows. Moreover, the gap between the pushing rod 11 and the upper side of the vibration table, in particular, the base plate 2, depends on the width of the vibrations, in particular on the strength of the vibration.

Figure 1 shows the most preferred option for improving the push rod 11, especially suitable for use in the proposed device. In this case, it is provided that the push rod 11 is equipped with a large number of bearings 16, in particular rotating elements, in particular rollers. Moreover, the bearings 16 should help ensure that the stones, if they, due to vibration, come into contact with the pushing rod 11, only rubbed slightly against the pushing rod, as a result of which the kinetic energy losses will be insignificant. Moreover, in accordance with the invention, it can be provided that the bearings 16 have a width of from 5 to 30 mm, preferably 10 mm, and are spaced from 20 to 50 mm, preferably at a distance of 30 mm. Thus, on the one hand, it is ensured that the stones 1 abut against at least two bearings 16, in particular, they move forward. On the other hand, there is the possibility that two stones 1 simultaneously touch the bearing 16 during vibration, in particular when moving in the opposite direction, in which the bearing would be limited. A similar push rod 11 can also be used, regardless of the proposed solution, in other devices in which the stones 1 are aged through the combined use of a vibrating device and shock bodies acting on the surface of the stones 1.

Figure 1 shows the lateral limiters 12, which should prevent lateral deviation of the stones 1 during vibration. In principle, such stops 12 can also be provided in the direction of movement in front of and behind the stones 1. In addition, stops 12 can also be used to protect against dust. In addition, it may be provided that the attachment device 5 has a protective cover or the like covering the stone layer 1 in the process of aging in order to limit the outward passage of stone dust.

In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the stops 12 are disconnected from the vibrating device 6, in particular not vibrating.

Using structural techniques, it is possible to easily move the pushing rod 11 in the direction of travel by the chain conveyor without interfering with the side stops 12. For example, the push rod 11 can be connected to the chain conveyor 10 from the bottom or top of the side stops 12.

As shown in FIG. 2 and 3 (unfortunately, only in general terms), the area through which the stones 1 pass under the impact of the impact bodies 3 has means 13 that raise at least a limited area of the stones 1, so that the raised limited area of the stones 1 protruded in the direction of shock bodies 3 and was under more intense impact of shock bodies. In an example embodiment of the invention, the means 13 are elevations made in the form of a ramp, respectively raising the lower sides of the stones 1 when passing the elevations 13 in the form of a ramp. In an example embodiment of the invention (not shown), it is provided that the elevations 13 raise the stones 1 in the direction of movement with an offset from the center, and as a result, from the side, with each stone 1 being lifted by each side at least once.

As shown in FIG. 2, elevations 13 can be equipped with rollers 14, in particular bearings.

In principle, similar elevations 13 can also be provided if the conveying device is made in the form of a conveyor belt, in which case the belt must pass through the elevations 13. But nevertheless, the conveyor 10 made with the pushing rod 11 would in this case be preferable.

Most preferably, when the edges 1b of the stones 1 are lifted, the means 13 can be made in various forms and in numerous ways, for example, in the form of protrusions, a retractable piston, as in publication US 2002/0145224 A1 or the like. It is also possible that the means 13 are formed due to the wave-like implementation of the base plate 2 of the vibration table.

The means 13 can also be used, regardless of the proposed idea of movably fixing the shock bodies 3, to raise at least limited sections of the stones 1 so that the raised part of the stones 1 protrudes towards the shock bodies 3 and falls under more intense impact of the shock bodies 3. For example, a similar use of the device is possible in accordance with the publication DE 202004020206.9. As a result of this, with each treatment of stones from above, raising at least limited sections of stones, it is possible to subject these limited sections to more intensive, in particular enhanced processing. So, in a simple way, you can achieve the desired aging result.

In FIGS. 2, 3 and 5, stones 1 are shown for illustration purposes not in a state of vibration, and the shock bodies 3 are on the surfaces 1a of the stones 1. Due to vibration, the stones 1 and the shock bodies 3 hit each other.

Shown in figures 2 and 5, the gap between the stones 1 (in the direction of movement) is reduced, in particular, is selected when moving the pushing rod 11 forward.

Preferably, the proposed solution is also suitable for aging split, in particular chipped stones, having a generally uneven surface, in particular with protrusions and recesses. In this case, the impacted bodies 3 face the broken surface of the stone 1 with its fracture surface.

On Fig-12 shows three different preferred conveying device 10, suitable not only for the proposed solution, but in general for the transport of a large number of stones laid in the production layer. Thus, the conveying device 10, as follows from the description of the drawings below, is a stand-alone solution for transporting stones if the aged stones are processed using a vibrating device 6.

Figs. 8 and 9 show the most preferred embodiment of the conveying device 10. According to this embodiment, both branches of the chains of the chain conveyor extend respectively along the edges of the base plate 2 and are arranged so that they do not transmit, in particular slightly, the vibration from the vibration table 6. Between branches of the chain conveyor 10 is located already described pushing rod 11, which serves to impart movement in the direction of transportation located on the base plate 2 stones 1. In this case, the pushing rod 11 moves to 1 to the imaginary base plate 2. Such transport already shown in Figures 1-3 and 5. In addition to that in shown in Figures 8 and 9 show forms of the invention, restrictive rod 17, located in front of the push rod 11 in the conveying direction. A layer of stones 1 is to be aged between the restriction rod 17 and the push rod 11. The restriction rod 17, which is similar to the push rod 11 between the chain branches of the chain conveyor 10, is in particular connected with them, serves to prevent the stones 1 from tilting forward, meaning in the direction transportation.

In principle, the restriction rod 17 could also be implemented as a push rod for the next layer of stones, but this was not preferred. If a gap is provided between the limit rod 17 and the push rod 11 for the next layer of stones 1, then the limit rod 17 can be set for different lengths of the layer of stones without affecting all other push and limit rods. Changing the length of the section between one pushing rod 11 and the corresponding restrictive rod 17 for receiving the corresponding layer of stones affects, therefore, only the distance between the restrictive rod 11 and the other pushing rod moving in front of 11. Therefore, for each layer of stones you can choose your own step length, and in this In case of changing it, without affecting the step length of other cells (push rod / limit rod). Based on this, as provided in the example shown in Figs. 8 and 9, for each layer of stones, one pushing rod 11 and one restriction rod 17 should be used.

Both the push rod 11 and the restriction rod 17 may, in a preferred embodiment, be in the form of a metal strip or the like.

10 and 11 show a preferred embodiment of the conveying device 10, which differs from that shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 in that the supporting surface 18 is installed, in particular fixed, in particular, the supporting surface 18. The limiting rod 17 thereby serves as a traction for the supporting surface 18. Therefore, the stones, in contrast to the embodiment of the invention shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, are no longer located in the aging process on the base plate 2, but are on the supporting surface 18, stretched, essentially limit with a linen rod 17, in particular a chain conveyor 10, along the base plate 2. Moreover, the supporting surface 18 is in such contact with the supporting plate 2, in particular the vibration table 6, so that the supporting surface 18 begins to vibrate so that the stones 1 located on the supporting surface 18 also start to oscillate, in particular they start to jump. The supporting surface 18 is preferably made of an elastic material. The rubber mat 18 is most suitable for this. The rubber mat 18 can also be connected to the push rod 11.

Since the rubber mat 18 is connected to the restriction rod 17 and in this case with the push rod 11, it moves at the same speed as the chain conveyor 10. In the embodiment of FIG. 10 and 11, the rubber mat 18 is essentially located between the limit rod 17 and the push rod 11. In principle, the rubber mat 18 may be longer or shorter than the distance between the limit rod 17 and the push rod 11.

The use of a support surface 18, in particular a rubber mat, is of great importance for obtaining a good aging result. The fact is that in the conveying device 10 shown in Figs. 8 and 9, the pushing pressure exerted by the pushing rod 11 on the stones 1, in all cases, becomes more, the closer the stones 1 are located to the pushing rod 11. In this case a mutual shift of stones 1 can occur, in which stones 1, in particular, in the area of the pushing rod 11 will jump less, in particular they will not bounce at all. This effect becomes so more obvious the smaller the stones, because the rows of stones that are under slight pressure when pushing, in particular the rows of stones that are in front in the direction of transportation, bounce much higher, in particular they vibrate much more, and therefore the faces of the stones beat off here much stronger. The supporting surface 18 compensates for this effect, since the supporting surface 18, and with it the stones 1 lying on it, is not pushed, but stretched. Therefore, the stones 1 are no longer squeezed in the area of the pushing rod 11, as is the case in the embodiment shown in Figs. 8 and 9. However, despite this, the stones 1 still exert pressure on the pushing rod 11, since the stones 1, due to vibration, in particular jumping, move on the supporting surface 18 at a lower speed than the supporting surface 18, however, provided by the pushing rod 11 on the stones 1 pressure is still much less and is no longer an obstacle. In this case, the entire conveying device 10 can be tilted slightly so that the stones 1, when viewed in the transport direction, move slightly downward, which counteracts the effect of moving the stones 1 backward relative to the supporting surface 18 moving in the transport direction.

The abutment surface 18 has another advantage over the embodiment of the invention shown in FIGS. 8 and 9. As a result of the tests, it turned out that there is a relatively high risk of breaking stones of small thickness or long stones with a large area. The supporting surface 18, in particular made of an elastic material, significantly reduces the likelihood of a break, since the stones 1 no longer hit the base plate 2, which is usually made of steel, but collides with an elastic material, preferably rubber.

FIG. 12 shows an embodiment of the transport device 10 shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, having substantially the same advantages. The embodiment of the invention according to FIG. 12 also has a chain conveyor 10, a pushing rod 11 and an optimally restrictive rod 17 arranged similarly to the embodiments of the invention shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, in particular in FIGS. 10 and 11. It is hereby provided that the stones 1 are laid on the supporting surface 18, moving the stones 1, in the transport direction, at least at about the speed of the conveying device 10. Moreover, the supporting surface 18 is made as a rotating conveyor belt, preferably made of elastic Nogo material such as rubber. Moreover, the conveyor belt 18 passes so that vibration from the vibrating device 6 is transmitted to it, as a result of which the stones 1 lying on it bounce, in particular vibrate. The conveying device 10 is preferably arranged so that vibration is not transmitted either to the chain branches or to the push rod 11, in particular to the restriction rod 17. Optionally, it may also be possible to connect the conveyor belt 18 with one or more restriction bars 17 or push rods 11. Actually the feed moving the stones 1 in the transport direction through the aging section is due to the feed movement of the conveyor belt 18. True, the stones 1 due to its vibration are displaced (with low speed) back relative to the belt 18 of the conveyor. This return movement is accordingly limited by the pushing rod 11. However, the pushing pressure exerted by the pushing rod 11 on the stones 1 is still so small as to prevent vibration, in particular the jumping movements of the stones. The restriction rod 17 prevents the stones 1 to go forward beyond the intended area.

Instead of the chain conveyor 10, in the embodiments of the invention according to FIGS. 8-12, another conveying device can also be used, preferably traveling in a closed circle.

On Fig presents the implementation of the push rod 11 and the restriction rod 17, which are particularly suitable for aging stones 1 having a cross section in the form of a trapezoid, in particular, generally located in an unstable position in the layer of stones. Such stones 1, for example, can be split, in particular chipped stones, having a generally uneven surface, in particular with protrusions and recesses. The author of the application suggested that regardless of the form of execution of the conveying device (not shown in FIG. 13) and regardless of the method of moving stones through the aging section (FIGS. 8-12), the best result is the aging of stones 1 in an unstable position on the supporting plate 2 , can be obtained if the push rod 11 and the restriction rod 17 are configured to support the stones 1. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 13, both the push rod 11 and the limit rod 17 have an additional support element t 11a, 17a in particular. As an alternative, several support elements can also be provided here, in particular a pushing rod 11 and a restrictive rod 17, which are shaped to support the stones 1 and prevent them from tipping over. Thanks to the support elements 11a, 17a, the surfaces of the stones 1 form a horizontal plane as far as possible for the preferred processing in the process of aging of the surfaces 1a of the stones by the impact bodies 3.

Alternatively, in this case, it can be provided that only the pushing rod 11 or the limiting rod 17 have supporting elements.

The embodiment of the push rod 11 and the limit rod 17 shown in the description and shown in FIG. 13 can be applied to all of the previously presented embodiments.

Claims (41)

1. Device for artificial aging of stones, in particular concrete blocks, clinker bricks and natural stones, with: 1.1 with a base plate (2), on which the stones (1) are laid in such a way that their machined surface (1a) and adjacent faces (1b) remain open; 1.2 located above the base plate (2) of the fastening device (5) with a large number of fastening elements (7), to which the shock bodies (3) are movably fixed so that the fixation allows shock to move the surfaces (1a) and adjacent faces (1b) bodies (3) to make movement within the boundaries of a certain area of the surface (1a) of stones (1); 1.3 vibration device (6), which serves to transfer the base plate (2), on which the stones are laid, vibrations, to bring the stones (1) and shock bodies (3) laid on the base plate (2) in such motion relative to each other, when wherein the shock bodies (3) affect the surface (1a) and adjacent facets (1b) of the stones; and 1.4 means for oscillating the fastening elements (7) during impact of shock bodies (3) on stones (1) in order to maintain irregularity of impacts on stones (1) by shock bodies (3). 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the shock bodies (3) are fixed in such a way that certain sections (4) of the individual shock bodies (3) cover together at least the entire surface of the processed stones (1). 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the specific section (4) has essentially an ellipse shape, the main axis of which is directed in the direction of movement and has, preferably, a length of 60 to 400 mm. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the shock bodies (3) are fixed in such a way that they rest on the stones (1) if the stones (1) and the shock bodies (3) are motionless. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the fastening device (5) has a combination of the fastening elements (7) parallel to the surface of the stones (1). 6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the shock bodies (3) are fixed to the fastening elements (7), respectively, one at a time. 7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the shock bodies (3) are fixed to the fastening elements (7) by means of fasteners (8). 8. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the shock bodies (3) are fixed to the fastening elements (7) by means of fasteners (8). 9. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that the shock bodies (3) are fixed to the fastening elements (7) by means of fasteners (8). 10. A device according to any one of claims 7, 8 or 9, characterized in that the fasteners (8) are made in the form of chains, cables, rods, profile elements and the like. 11. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that the fasteners (8) have a profile forming a cavity (8a) capable of giving the fastener (8) such mobility relative to the element when gripping the fastener element (7) in the form of a pipe or rod 7) fastening, that the shock body (3) located on the fasteners (8) can make a reciprocating movement. 12. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that a conveying device (10) for transporting stones (1) under the shock bodies (3) is provided. 13. The device according to p. 12, characterized in that the conveying device (10) operates continuously. 14. The device according to item 12, characterized in that the conveying device (10) moves in a closed circle and is preferably a belt, chain or belt conveying device. 15. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that the conveying device (10) has a pushing rod (11). 16. The device according to item 12, characterized in that the conveying device (10) has a restrictive rod (17). 17. The device according to p. 12, characterized in that the stones (1) are laid on a supporting surface (18) moving the stones (1) in the direction of transportation, at least at about the speed of the transporting device (10). 18. The device according to 17, characterized in that the supporting surface (18) is located so that the vibration of the vibrating device (6) is transmitted to the supporting surface (18). 19. The device according to 17, characterized in that the supporting surface is a conveyor belt (18) moving in a closed circle. 20. The device according to claim 19, characterized in that the conveyor belt (18) is made essentially of an elastic material, preferably rubber. 21. The device according to 17, characterized in that the supporting surface (18) is transported together with the conveying device (10). 22. The device according to item 21, wherein the abutment surface (18) is located between the push rod (11) and the limit rod (17). 23. The device according to p. 22, characterized in that the supporting surface (18) is moved essentially by means of a limiting rod (17) moving in front of the pushing rod (11). 24. The device according to item 21, wherein the abutment surface (18) is essentially made of an elastic material, preferably in the form of a rubber mat. 25. The device according to p. 15, characterized in that the pushing rod (11) is equipped with a large number of rotating elements, preferably bearings (16). 26. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the fastening device (5) and / or fastening elements (7) are movable during the impact of shock bodies (3) on stones (1). 27. The device according to p. 26, characterized in that the fastening elements (7) make an oscillatory movement. 28. The device according to p. 26 or 27, characterized in that the fastening elements (7) are moved axially forward and backward. 29. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the shock bodies (3) are located or designed so that, at rest, the shock bodies (3) are oriented against the direction of movement of the stones (1). 30. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that at least the shock bodies (3) located at the rear in the direction of movement, through which the stones (1) first pass at the entrance to the aging area, are oriented in the direction of rest movement. 31. The device according to p. 12, characterized in that in the area through which the stones (1) pass under the impact of shock bodies (3), means (13) are provided that lift at least a limited area of stones (1) for so that the raised limited section of stones (1) protrudes in the direction of the shock bodies (3) and falls under the stronger impact of the shock bodies (3). 32. The device according to p. 31, characterized in that the means are elevations (13) through which the conveying device (10) pushes the lower sides of the stones (1). 33. The device according to p, characterized in that the elevations (13) lift the stones (1) from the side, when viewed in the direction of movement. 34. The device according to p, characterized in that the elevations (13) are located in such a way that each stone (1) is lifted from each side at least once. 35. The device according to p, characterized in that the elevations (13) are made in the form of a ramp. 36. The device according to p, characterized in that the elevations (13) have rollers (14). 37. The method of artificial aging of stones, in particular concrete blocks, clinker bricks and natural stones, in accordance with which the stones (1) are laid on a base plate (2) in such a way that the treated surface (1a) of the stones (1) and adjacent faces ( 1b) remain open, the treated surface (1a) of the stones (1) is brought into contact with a large number of shock bodies (3), respectively freely moving, essentially due to movable fixation, within the boundaries of a certain section (4) of the surface (1a) of the stones ( 1), and in accordance with the cat Eye stones (1) and shock bodies (3) under vibration come in such a motion relative to each other, in which shock bodies (3) act on the surface (1a) and adjacent faces (1b), in accordance with which the device (5) fasteners with a large number of fasteners (7) fasteners vibrate during the impact of shock bodies (3) on stones (1) to maintain uneven shock of shock bodies (3) on stones (1).

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