EP1893391A2

EP1893391A2 - Method and device for artificially aging stones

Info

Publication number: EP1893391A2
Application number: EP06742835A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Hans Gebhart; Manfred Staehle; Roland Werner
Original assignee: Baustoffwerke Gebhart and Soehne GmbH and Co KG
Current assignee: Baustoffwerke Gebhart and Soehne GmbH and Co KG
Priority date: 2005-06-22
Filing date: 2006-05-09
Publication date: 2008-03-05
Anticipated expiration: 2026-05-09
Also published as: CA2612884A1; ATE521465T1; AU2006261374A1; DK1893391T3; EP1893391B1; WO2006136235A3; RU2393086C2; BRPI0612627B1; WO2006136235A2; BRPI0612627A2; AU2006261374B2; DE102005056163B4; RU2008102231A; PL1893391T3; KR20080022582A; SI1893391T1; CA2612884C; KR101297796B1; ES2372304T3; MX2007016163A

Abstract

Device comprises a base (2) on which stones (1) can be placed, mobile percussive bodies for applying to surface (1a) to be treated and to adjacent edges, and a vibration device for moving stones and percussive bodies. The percussive bodies are movably fastened to mounting device in such a manner that they can move freely within a defined range of the surface of stones.

Description

Method and device for the artificial aging of stones

The invention relates to a device for the artificial aging of stones, in particular of concrete blocks, brick clinkers and natural stones according to the preamble of claim 1. The present invention also relates to a method for the artificial aging of stones according to the preamble of claim 43.

A generic device for aging is known from DE 20 2004 020 206.9.

Stones, such as covering elements, facade elements, sand-lime bricks, concrete blocks, brick or brick clinker, natural stones and the like, are often subjected to a post-treatment, regardless of their material properties, thereby losing their artificial appearance.

Especially often freshly made, hardened concrete blocks, especially concrete paving stones, subjected to such a treatment, in the course of which the surfaces and / or edges are struck or broken, in order to adapt in this way the appearance of natural stones. For this purpose, the concrete blocks are introduced in larger numbers in a rotary drum and there "rumble", with the O berberflächen and edges of the stones strike each other and leave the treated stones in an "aged" state the drum. Such a device is known from DE-OS 29 22 393. When treating the concrete blocks in a rotary drum, surfaces and edges are also processed that are not visible in a plaster, eg when using the aged stones. In that regard, an unnecessary waste of energy and time is operated. Furthermore, it is necessary to apply the treated and the rotary drum leaving concrete blocks for shipping in a regular arrangement on a pallet, which requires an unduly high work and time.

From the state of the art sorting systems are known for sorting the stones, which align the stones accordingly and arrange them in a pallet. Such sorting systems cause high acquisition and operating costs and also have a corresponding space requirement.

From DE 36 21 276 C2 a method is known in which concrete blocks are applied in one layer in a regular arrangement on a tabular base. Subsequently, the exposed surface and the adjacent exposed edges or substantially only the edges of the concrete blocks are struck irregularly by means of a vibrating beater or beater.

By this method can be dispensed with a subsequent sorting device, since the production situation is not changed. Before being processed by the knocking or beating devices, the stones are pushed together and aligned on the tabular base, so that the stones are in close contact with each other and there are no gaps between them. The striking tools of the beater are mounted on a movable carriage which guides them over the surfaces of the stones, so that the free surfaces and the Above lying edges of the stones are struck by the striking tools.

The disadvantage of this method, however, is that the so aged stones look artificially and do not look naturally aged. An ideal edge fracture of the stones, as produced by the rumbling of the stones in a rotary drum, does not result from the application of the method of the generic document.

From EP 0 860 258 B2 a device and a method are known in which the stones are arranged in one or two layers, preferably in their production position, between two elements, preferably plates. The lower plate, on which the concrete blocks rest, is in operative connection with a vibration device. The vibration device causes the stones to move so that they move back and forth between the plates. The stones hit each other as well as on the upper and the lower plate, whereby the edges are broken at the top and bottom. In addition, the top and bottom of the stones are struck by the respective associated plates. The vertical side edges of the concrete blocks and the side surfaces are broken or struck by the adjoining concrete blocks.

In tests, it has been found that the edge break is the worse, the larger the aging stone. This results from the fact that the stop angle becomes flatter the larger the stone placed between the plates. The flat stop angle results in an unfavorable breakage of the edges. Analogous to the aging process by means of the rotary drum, there is the disadvantage that surfaces and edges of the stones are processed, which may not even be visible, whereby an unnecessary waste of energy and time is operated. In addition, the necessary processing time, especially in hardened concrete blocks, high and the edge breakage is not ideal.

From the generic document, DE 20 2004 020 206.9 a device for the artificial aging of stones is known, in which the stones - preferably in their production position - are placed on a base, so that the surfaces to be machined and the adjacent edges of the Lay stones free. Subsequently, by means of a magnet freely movable striking bodies (made of metal) are applied to the surface to be machined. By means of a vibration device, the base on which the stones rest, vibrated. Thus, the stones and the impactors are brought to each other in such a way that the impactors act on the surfaces and the exposed edges of the stones.

The device known from DE 20 2004 020 206.9 enables a rapid and effective aging of the upper side of the bricks and the free edges adjacent thereto. The impactors hit randomly on the surfaces of the stones and thus strike them irregularly, so that an appearance is created that corresponds to that of a naturally aged stone.

After the aging process, the metallic impactors are again lifted off the surface of the stones by the magnet - as it approaches the stones. The stone layer can be removed and a new stone layer fed. The disadvantage is that the magnet to be used causes high costs. gently. Another disadvantage is that by storing and resuming the impactor by the magnet corresponding non-productive times arise that lead to longer cycle times.

The present invention is therefore based on the object to improve the known from the generic document device for the artificial aging of stones, in particular to develop a device and a method which allows a particularly cost-effective and rapid aging of stones.

This object is achieved by the device according to claim 1.

This object is also achieved by the method according to claim 43.

The fact that the impactors are movably mounted, but this attachment allows a movement of the impactor within a defined area of the surface of the stones, on the one hand ensures that the surfaces or the adjacent edges of the stones are still struck irregular and thus creates an appearance, on the other hand, can be dispensed with a magnet for depositing and resuming the impactor from the surface of a natural. By the introduction of vibrations, for example caused by a vibration table, which is arranged below the stones, the stones and the impactor are, in the manner described in the generic document, brought to each other in motion, so that the impactors on the surfaces and the adjacent edges of the stones act. The solution according to the invention allows several variants of the storage or the removal of the impactor from the surfaces of the stones and thus several ways to dispense with a previously necessary magnet. In one embodiment, it may be provided, for example, that the mounting device, on which the impactors are movably mounted, can perform a lifting movement, so as to be able to lift the impactor from the surface of the stones or to supply this. The lifting of the impactors of an aged layer of stones and the reassignment of the impactors to a new aging stone can be done quickly in this way, so that short cycle times can be met. The non-productive times are significantly reduced compared to the prior art.

A particular advantage of the solution according to the invention, as the inventor has realized, is that it can completely dispense with lifting and reassembly of the impactor. The movable attachment or suspension of the impactors namely, the device according to the invention with a conveyor, for example in the form of a push rod or a conveyor train, which durchschiebt the aging stones continuously or continuously or discontinuously below the movably mounted impactors. Under a continuous aging is also an interval to understand in which the stones with short interruptions of z. B. 5 seconds are pushed below the impactor. The impactors - stimulated in the usual way by the vibrations introduced - thereby act aging on the stones. By the flexible and flexible attachment, as already described, on the one hand ensures an uneven impact of the stones, on the other hand it prevents the impactors can mitwandern with the stones. The impactors al- each of the stones located within the defined area available to them.

The defined range can be selected, for example, as a function of the number of impactors, the number of stones and the passage speed.

It has been found that even a relatively small area, within which the impactors are movable on the surface of the stones, is sufficient. This avoids that the impactors (due to excessive mobility) can penetrate into the space between two stones and possibly jammed there.

According to the invention, it can be provided that the impactors are arranged on a holding device arranged transversely to the feed direction both in the feed direction and transversely to uneven or irregular, so that regularities in the aging of the stones are avoided.

According to the invention, it may further be provided that the impactors are arranged in several rows transversely to the feed direction of the stones such that the rows of impactors each span the stones conveyed through. The aging effect can be varied by the number of rows of impactors, below which the stones must pass under beating action of the impactor. Furthermore, the strength of the aging is determined by the throughput speed, as well as the vibrations introduced.

By choosing a suitable number of rows of impactors, the device according to the invention can be easily integrated into the ongoing production process of stones, without this leading to a cycle time reduction. The stones can pass through the generic device at the desired speed, wherein the desired aging effect is achieved by the number of rows of striking bodies. Preferably, the impactors of a row can each be arranged offset to a front or lower row of impactors, so that the surfaces of the stones can be processed uniformly. In principle, although an unevenly aged image should arise, but this results automatically by the movable attachment of the impactors. A system-related (permanent) accumulation of attacks of stones within a certain range is reliably avoided by the staggered arrangement. It can also be provided in this regard that the distance between the rows is different.

In the embodiment of the solution according to the invention with a continuously operating conveyor, it is sufficient if at least the impactors of a row are arranged such that their defined areas comprise the total width of the passing below the impactor stones.

In principle, even a number of impactors or a few rows of impactors may be sufficient to age the stones. However, as has been found in practice, this does not result in an optimal aging pattern and, moreover, means that the throughput speed is relatively low.

In one embodiment of the solution according to the invention, in which no continuously operating conveyor is provided, it can be provided that the impactors are mounted such that the defined areas of the individual impactors together at least the entire surface - preferably the layers supplied in layers. In the case of discontinuous aging, it is provided that the stones are fed to the area in which they are aged, layer by layer or as a unit, and aged in one operation, ie the stones are only transported further when the aging has ended.

In a modification of discontinuous aging, it is also possible to provide a plurality of aging stations, to which the stones are fed in succession, the stones, after they have passed through all the aging stations, being aged in the desired manner.

In contrast to the discontinuous aging is provided in the continuous aging, that the stones are permanently transported in the feed direction, so not a location or unit of stones targeted the or the aging stations is fed, but it is a continuous process. This is also possible by an interval feeding the stones. The vibration process does not have to be interrupted for this purpose. The stones are thereby for a relatively short period of time, e.g. 5 seconds, left in its position (no feed) and then transported a bit further. In experiments, this has resulted in an advantageous aging image without a systemic accumulation.

According to the invention, it may be provided that the defined regions of the impact bodies overlap.

The predetermined by the movable mounting movement space, which have the impactor should preferably be chosen such that the impactor can not penetrate into the possibly between two stones forming gap. According to the invention it is provided that the impactor rest in the resting state, that is, when no vibrations act on the stones and the impactors rest on the stones.

However, it is also possible that the impactors are arranged at a distance above the stones. The stones can thus be transported without scratching underneath the impactors. A distance between the stones and the impactors is easily possible, especially in thicker stones, since they can be aged with a high amplitude and thus be pushed up accordingly. As has been shown, a distance increases the aging of the stone edges and reduces the aging of the stone surface, which may be advantageous depending on the application or desired appearance.

With regard to a particularly effective aging, it makes sense, however, if the impactors rest on the surface and thus not only a distance must be overcome (loss of impact energy). In particular, in the aging of thin stones, which are due to the risk that they are rotated by the vibration, are aged only with low amplitude, a contact of the impactor with the surface of the stones is useful even at rest.

It can be provided that the defined area within which the striking bodies can move on the surface of the stones corresponds to a movement or deflection thereof of 5 to 40 mm, preferably 10 mm, in all directions. Assuming that the impactors are spherical and have a diameter of 40 mm, this would give a circular defined area with a diameter of preferably 60 mm. The circumference or horizontal cross section of the impact body is thus stretched horizontally in all directions by 10 mm to image the defined area.

It is advantageous if the attachment of the impact body is carried out such that they can perform a stroke movement, resulting from the initiated vibrations, largely unlimited.

In a structural embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the mounting device to which the impactors are attached, is arranged above the stones. In this case, the mounting device can represent a plane extending parallel to the surface of the stones or a pattern of holding elements, for example formed by a plurality of holder rows running transversely to the direction of passage of the stones. The attachment of the impactor to the support members can be done via fasteners, which may be formed, for example, chains, ropes, rods or profile elements of different design. The fastening members can be configured in many ways, preferably to ensure that the impactors can move as unrestricted as possible within the defined range, on the other hand, the impactor can perform the lifting movement without much loss of energy.

Preferably, the impactors are each individually secured to the support members.

In one embodiment of the device according to the invention with a continuously operating conveying device, provision may be made for means to be provided in the region through which the stones pass under the striking action of the striking bodies. which lift at least a portion of a stone, so that the raised portion of the stone protrudes in the direction of the striking body and is exposed to a greater impact by the impactor body. The means may for example be formed as elevations over which the underside of the stones are pushed due to the feed movement (resulting from the conveyor). The elevations may preferably be formed in a ramp shape, so that the stone moves up the ramp at least with a partial area and then falls down again or moves it down again. Thus, viewed in the feed direction, first the front portion of the stone is raised and thus exposed to a greater impact by the impactors, while then the middle and last of the rear portion of the stone protrudes in the direction of the striker.

According to the invention it can be provided that the elevations are arranged such that the stones are pushed with its underside off-center on the elevations, whereby each side of the stone (viewed in the direction of passage) is subjected to increased aging. It is envisaged that each stone on each side is raised at least once. In order to reduce the friction between the elevation and the underside of the stone, it may be provided that the elevations have rollers or are formed as rollers. The fact that the stones are raised anyway anyway by the vibration movement in this area, the friction between the increase and the underside of the stone is not high anyway.

The means for lifting the stones may also be formed as described in US 2002/0145224 Al. Advantageous embodiments and further developments emerge from the further subclaims. Below, two embodiments of the invention are shown in principle with reference to the drawing.

It shows:

Figure 1 is a plan view of a production of stones, which are applied to a substrate and are introduced by means of a conveyor in an aging area, without a representation of the impactor.

2 shows a side view of the device according to the invention, wherein the impactors are arranged in the form of a line in cross-section with respect to the direction of passage of the bricks via fastening elements;

Fig. 3 is a view according to arrow III of Fig. 2;

4 shows a detailed view of the impactors, which are suspended via chain-shaped fastening elements in rail-shaped receptacles.

5 shows an alternative embodiment of the fastening elements with an interior, which comprises the support member.

6 shows a detail of a fastening element according to FIG. 5 with a striking body;

FIG. 7 shows a detailed representation of a fastening element weighted eccentrically with a weight; FIG. Fig. 8 is a perspective view of a conveyor which is particularly suitable for conveying a sheet of stone, the bricks being pushed over a base by means of a push rod attached to a chain conveyor;

9 is a schematic side view of a conveyor according to FIG. 8; FIG.

Fig. 10 is a perspective view of a conveyor, wherein a chain conveyor is provided with at least one push rod and a limiting rod and between the push rod and the limiting rod, a mat is mounted, on which the stones rest and are pulled over the pad;

11 is a schematic side view of a conveyor according to FIG. 10;

Fig. 12 is a principle side view of a conveyor with a chain conveyor with at least one push rod, in addition, a belt or belt conveyor is provided, on which rest the stones; and

9 shows a schematic side view of a conveyor device according to FIG. 9 with an embodiment of the push rod and the limiting rod which is particularly suitable for the aging of stones which are trapezoidal or unstable in their position.

According to the invention, any stones, for example covering elements, facade elements, sand-lime bricks, concrete blocks, bricks or brick clinker or natural stones are aged regardless of their material properties. Subsequently, the aging of stones 1, which are designed as a concrete block, set forth with reference to the embodiments. However, the invention is of course not limited thereto.

The production of concrete blocks 1, in particular concrete paving stones, is well known, which is why will not be discussed in more detail below. The concrete blocks 1 generally leave the production plant in a production situation, i. in an arrangement in which a plurality of concrete blocks 1 are arranged side by side in one layer. Such a production situation is shown by way of example in FIG.

As can be seen from Fig. 1, the concrete blocks 1 are applied in one layer in a regular arrangement on a substrate 2. The concrete blocks 1 are arranged such that in each case the edge to be processed Ib or the surface to be processed Ia (= usually the later visible side) of the stone 1 is above.

With regard to the general principle of aging with freely movable impactors 3, as can be seen from Figures 2 to 7, reference is made to DE 20 2004 020 206.9.

As can be seen from FIGS. 2 to 6, the processing of the surfaces 1a and the edges 1b of the bricks 1 adjoining the surfaces 1a is effected by impact bodies 3, which are essentially freely movable within a defined region 4 of the surface 1a of the bricks 1. For this purpose, the impactors 3 are movably attached to a mounting device 5 or arranged or suspended. As can be seen in particular from FIGS. 2 and 3, a vibration device 6 is provided in order to set the stones 1 and the impact bodies 3 in motion in such a way that the impact bodies 3 act on the surfaces 1 a and the exposed edges 1 b of the stones 1. The vibration device 6, which may for example consist of several unbalance generators, transmits the vibratory motion to the pad 2 and acts from there on the stones 1 and the impactor 3. The pad 2 can also represent the top of the vibration device 6, for example, a vibration table. However, the pad 2 may also represent a conveyor belt on which the stones 1 are placed. With regard to advantageous embodiments for this purpose as well as the introduction of the vibration movement, reference is made to DE 20 2004 020 206.9.

As can be seen from the figures, the impactors 3 are both - within the defined area 4 - to the surface Ia freely movable and to each other. The impactors 3 can be made of any material. In the exemplary embodiment, it is provided that the impactors 3 are formed of hard metal, metal or steel. The shape of the impactor 3 can also be chosen arbitrarily, it has been found to be advantageous to form the impactor 3 spherical, annular, polygonal, cylindrical or disc-shaped. In the illustrated embodiment, the impactors 3 are substantially spherical, but flattened on two opposite sides. This results in detail, in particular from FIGS. 4, 6 and 7.

As can be seen from a combination of FIGS. 2 and 3, the mounting device 5 extends plane-parallel to the surfaces 1a of the bricks 1. The mounting device 5 in this case has a plurality of mounting elements 7 which each extend over the entire width of the stones 1 to be aged, ie transversely to the feed direction. The impactors 3 are arranged on fasteners 8 to the support members 7 and fixed or suspended. According to the embodiment shown in Figures 2 to 4, the fastening members 8 are shown as chains. The chains are designed as metal chains. The support members 7 have, as is apparent in particular from FIG. 4, rail-shaped receptacles 7a, in which the metal chains 8 can be suspended. Each impactor 3 is individually connected via an individual fastening member 8 with the support member 7. If a shock body 3 has to be replaced, this is thus possible in a simple manner.

In the exemplary embodiment, it is provided that the impactors 3 of a row 7 are close to each other, for example, a distance of 2 to 20 mm, preferably 5 to 10 mm.

In the exemplary embodiment, it is further provided that the support elements 7 or the entire support device 5 moves on the stones 1 during the impact action of the impactors 3. As a result, an irregular striking of the stones 1 is supported by the impactors 3. Provided is an oscillating movement of the support members 7 preferably such that the support members 7 are axially reciprocated. This can be achieved constructively by known means (e.g., an eccentric bearing or a random pneumatic cylinder).

FIGS. 5, 6 and 7 show an alternative embodiment of the fastening members 8 to FIGS. 2 to 4. The fastening members 8 in this case have a profile through which an inner space 8a is formed, which is suitable, the (in Embodiment tube or rod-shaped) support member 7 to be included so that the fastening member 8 is movable relative to the support member 7 such that arranged on the attachment member 8 or associated impactor 3 both a lifting movement and a movement within the defined area. 4 can perform. According to the embodiment shown in Figures 5, 6 and 7, the fastening member 8 is formed as a correspondingly bent square profile. According to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 6, the defined region 4 has an elliptical shape. This is because the designed as a square profile attachment member 8 mainly allows movement of the impactor 3 in the direction of passage or counter to the direction of passage. In contrast to this, the embodiment according to FIGS. 2 and 4 makes it possible to form a region 4 which is in principle round-defined. However, in this case too, due to the advancing direction of the bricks 1, an elliptical shape will essentially be set for the defined region 4, although these too Shape is less pronounced.

According to the embodiment shown in Fig. 6 it can be provided that the impactor 3 30 to 200 mm, preferably 50 to 150 mm, can be deflected in the direction of passage. Furthermore, it can be provided that the next row 7 with impactors 3 has a distance from the previous row 7 with impactors 3, which is 10 to 20 mm greater than the maximum deflection of the striking body 3 during operation.

The attachment members 8, including the impactors 3 in the embodiment has a length of 200 mm. It has proven generally advantageous to have a length of 100 to 400 mm. As shown in FIG. 5, the support elements 7 at regular intervals on spacers 9, which ensure a defined arrangement of the fasteners 8 a row and prevent tilting with other adjacently arranged fastening members 8.

As is apparent from Fig. 6, the interior 8a of the fastening members 8 may be divided by an intermediate bottom 8b, whereby in particular the lifting movement of the impactor 3 is limited accordingly. It can be provided that the intermediate bottom 8b is variably adjustable, whereby the lifting movement - optionally depending on the aging stones 1 - can be changed.

FIG. 7 shows an arrangement of the striking bodies 3 in such a way that the striking bodies 3 are aligned in the opposite direction to the passage direction. As a result of the movement of the stones 1 in the conveying direction (see arrow), the striking bodies 3 or the fastening members 8 are aligned vertically (shown in dashed lines). The orientation of the impactor 3 in the idle state is chosen such that sets a vertical orientation during operation. In the exemplary embodiment, the fastening members 8 are weighted at their forward in the direction of passage of the stones 1 side by an additional weight 15 (this can also be integrated into the fastening member). The additional weight 15 may also be attached to the impactor 3. Due to the additional weight 15 ensures that the impactor 3 is inclined in the opposite direction to the conveying direction. Such an inclination can also be achieved in other ways, for example by an unsymmetrical or disproportionate suspension and / or design of the fastening members 8 or the striking bodies 3. According to the invention, it can likewise be provided that at least the rows of impact bodies 3 arranged in the inlet region, ie the row of striking bodies 3 which pass the stones first when introduced into the aging area, are inclined in the direction of passage (not shown). This can be done structurally analogous to the inclination against the passage direction. The advantage is that a tilting of the stones 1 with the impactors 3 is avoided and the stones 1 can thus be easily supplied. In an alternative embodiment, not shown, it may also be provided that all impactors 3 are inclined in the direction of rotation in the rest position.

In the embodiments, it is provided that the stones 1 are conveyed by means of a conveyor 10 below the impactors 3, i. go through the actual aging area. From the general state of the art, a plurality of different conveyors 10 are known. For example, it may be a belt, belt or chain conveyor or the like. In the embodiment, the conveyor is designed as a chain conveyor 10 with a push rod 11, which the stones 1 on the pad 2, i. in the actual aging area pushes directly over the vibrating table. In the exemplary embodiment, it is further provided that the chain conveyor 10 passes through the stones 1 continuously below the impactors 3. The throughput speed can be determined in connection with the overall production speed or the aging result to be achieved.

Alternatively, it can also be provided that the chain conveyor 10 merely pushes in the intended position the stones 1 to be aged, for example an entire production position, and the stones 1 do not break during the aging process pushed forward (discontinuous promotion). After completion of the aging process, ie after the impactors 3 have finished their impact on the surfaces Ia and the adjacent edges Ib of the stones 1 to the desired extent, the chain conveyor 10 can carry the stones 1 on and bring a new location in the vacated space.

The chain conveyor 10 is designed as a circulating conveyor. The two pull chains of the chain conveyor 10 are guided in the embodiment outside of the vibration device 6 and are thus not impaired by vibrations in their functionality. In principle, a variety of design measures are conceivable to achieve that the chain conveyor 10 is not exposed to vibration. The push rod 11, which is arranged between the two circulating chains of the chain conveyor 10, has a distance to the vibration table or the base 2, which ensures that the vibration table or the base 2 does not come into contact with the push rod 11. The distance between the push rod and the top of the pad 2 and the vibrating table must therefore be greater than the maximum vibration of the vibrating table or pad 2 in the direction of the push rod 11. As a rule, vibrates or moves the vibrating table or Pad 2 not more than a maximum of 4 mm in the direction of the push rod 11, so that a distance of, for example, 10 mm sufficient to ensure that the vibration table or the pad 2, the push rod 11 is not touched and this can thus be quiet and unbeaten , The distance between the push rod 11 and the top of the vibrating table or the base 2 depends on the oscillation width or the strength of the vibration. Fig. 1 shows a particularly advantageous embodiment of the push rod 11, which is particularly suitable for use in the device according to the invention. It is provided that the push rod 11 is provided with a plurality of bearings 16 and rotatable elements, such as rollers. The bearings 16 cause that the stones 1, if they come into contact with the push rod 11 due to their vibrations, rub only minimally on the push rod 11, whereby only little kinetic energy is lost. According to the invention, it may be provided that the bearings 16 have a width of 5 to 30 mm, preferably 10 mm, and are arranged at a distance of 20 to 50 mm, preferably 30 mm. Thus, on the one hand, it is ensured that the bricks 1 rest respectively on at least two bearings 16 or are pushed forward by them. On the other hand, the probability that two stones 1 simultaneously touch a bearing 16 during the vibration, in particular with an opposite movement, whereby the function of the bearing 16 would be limited, low. Such a push rod 11 can also be used independently of the solution according to the invention in other devices in which stones 1 are aged by means of a combination of a vibration device and impactors, which are arranged on the surface of the stones 1.

Fig. 1 shows lateral boundaries 12 which are intended to prevent lateral escape of the stones 1 during the vibration process. In principle, such boundaries 12 may also be provided in the direction of passage in front of and behind the bricks 1. The boundaries 12 can also serve as dust protection. Furthermore, it can be provided that the holding device 5 has a protective hood or the like, which comprises the to be aged layer of stones 1, so as to reduce an erosion of rock dust. In the exemplary embodiment it is provided that the boundaries 12 are decoupled from the vibration device 6, so do not vibrate.

With constructive measures can be achieved in a simple manner that the chain conveyor 10, the push rod 11 conveys in the direction of passage, without disturbing the lateral boundaries 12. The push rod 11 may be connected, for example, below or above the lateral boundaries 12 with the chain conveyor 10.

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 (only in principle), the region through which the bricks 1 pass under the impact of the impactors 3 can have means 13 which lift at least a portion of the bricks 1 so that the raised portion of the bricks 1 Stones 1 protrudes in the direction of the impactor 3 and is exposed to a stronger impact by the impactor. In the embodiment, the means 13 are formed as ramp-shaped elevations, which raise the stones when they pass with their bottom, the ramp-shaped elevations 13, according to. In the exemplary embodiment (not shown) it is provided that the elevations 13, the stones 1 - viewed in the direction of passage - off-center and thus lift laterally, each stone 1 is raised at least once on each side.

As shown in Fig. 2, the elevations 13 may be provided with rollers 14 and bearings.

In principle, such ramps 13 can also be realized if the conveying device is designed as a belt conveyor, in which case the belt runs over the elevations 13 got to. An education as a chain conveyor 10 with a push rod 11 has been found to be advantageous for this purpose.

It is particularly advantageous if the edges 1b of the stones 1 are raised. The means 13 can be formed in numerous ways, for example as projections, as extendable punches according to US 2002/0145224 A1 or the like. It is also conceivable that the means 13 are formed by a wave-shaped configuration of the base 2 and the vibration table.

The means 13 to raise the stones 1 at least in some areas so that the raised part of the stones 1 protrudes in the direction of the impactor 3 and a stronger impact of the impactor 3 is supplied, can also regardless of the inventive concept of the movable attachment of the impactor. 3 be used. For example, such an insert is also possible in the device according to DE 20 2004 020 206.9. In any processing of stones from above, the fact that the stones are raised at least in partial areas, the processing of this sub-area can be intensified or reinforced. Thus, a desired aging result can be achieved in a simple manner.

In the figures 2, 3 and 5, the stones 1 are shown for reasons of clarity in the non-vibrating state, the impactor 3 rest on the surfaces Ia of the stones 1. As a result of the vibration, the stones 1 and the impactors 3 strike each other.

The distance between the bricks 1 (in the direction of passage) shown in FIGS. 2 and 5 is reduced or canceled during a forward movement of the push rod 11. In a particularly advantageous manner, the solution according to the invention is also suitable for the aging of split or split stones, which generally have an uneven surface or surface provided with elevations and depressions. The gap surface of the stone 1 with its fracture surface is facing the impactors 3.

From Figures 8 to 12 three different advantageous conveyors 10 can be seen, which are not only for the inventive solution, but generally for conveying a plurality of stones, preferably stones, which are arranged in a production situation, are suitable. The conveyor 10, as this results from the figures described below, thus represents an independent inventive solution for conveying stones, when the stones are to be aged using a vibration device 6.

Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 show the conveyor 10 in a particularly inexpensive embodiment. The two chain strands of the chain conveyor each run in the edge region of the base 2 and are arranged such that they are not or not substantially vibrated by the vibration device 6. Between the chain strands of the chain conveyor 10, the push rod 11 already described is arranged, which serves to move the resting on the base 2 stones 1 in the conveying direction. The push rod 11 in this case pushes the blocks 1 over the base 2. Such a movement already results from FIGS. 1 to 3 and FIG. 5. In addition, according to the embodiment shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, a limiting bar 17 is shown. which is arranged in the conveying direction in front of the push rod 11. Between the limiting rod 17 and the push rod 11 is an aging of Stones 1 launched. The limiting rod 17, which is arranged analogously to the push rod 11 between the chain strands of the chain conveyor 10 and connected to these, to prevent the stones 1 to the front, ie in the conveying direction, can escape.

The limiting rod 17 could in principle also be designed as a push rod for a further layer of stones, but this has not turned out to be advantageous. If a distance is left between the limiting bar 17 and a push rod 11 for a further layer of stones 1, the limiting bar 17 can be adjusted to different lengths of stone layers, without affecting all other push and limit bars. The change in length between a push rod 11 and an associated limiting rod 17 for receiving a stone layer thus affects only the distance between the limiting rod 17 and a leading further push rod 11. It is thus possible to select for each layer of stone a separate grid and possibly to change, without affecting the grid size of other units (push rod / limiting rod) has. It is therefore provided according to the embodiment shown in Fig. 8 and Fig. 9, per stone position a push rod 11 and a limiting rod 17 to use.

Both the push rod 11 and the limiting rod 17 may be formed in a preferred embodiment as a flat iron or the like.

FIGS. 10 and 11 show a preferred embodiment of the conveyor 10, which differs from the embodiment shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 in that a support 18 is mounted on the limiting bar 17. is attached. The limiting rod 17 thus serves as tie rods for the support 18. The stones are therefore no longer in contrast to the embodiment shown in Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 during the aging process on the base 2, but on the support 18, which substantially from the limiting rod 17 and the chain conveyor 10 is pulled over the pad 2. The support 18 is in contact with the support 2 or the vibration device 6 in such a way that the support 18 is vibrated so that the stones 1 arranged on the support 18 also vibrate or hop. The support 18 is preferably formed of an elastic material. Particularly suitable for this purpose is a rubber mat 18. The rubber mat 18 may also be connected to the push rod 11.

The fact that the rubber mat 18 is connected to the limiting rod 17 and optionally the push rod 11, the rubber mat 18 moves at the same speed as the chain conveyor 10. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 10 and Fig. 11, the rubber mat 18 is substantially between the limiting rod 17 and the push rod 11 is arranged. In principle, the rubber mat 18 may also be longer or shorter than the distance between the limiting rod 17 and the push rod 11.

The pad 18 and the rubber mat has been found to be particularly significant for a good aging result. This is due to the fact that in a conveyor 10, as shown in Fig. 8 and Fig. 9, the thrust, the push rod 11 exerts on the stones 1, is getting larger the closer the stones 1 are arranged on the push rod 11 , It may happen that the stones 1 are pushed together in such a way that the stones 1 in particular in the region of the push rod 11 less or no longer bounce. This effect is all the more visible, the smaller the stones are, because the rows of stones, on which a lower thrust pressure is exerted, so the rows of stones that are forward in the conveying direction, hop significantly higher or vibrate much stronger and thus struck their stone edges stronger become. By the support 18, this effect is compensated because the support 18 and thus also the overlying stones 1 is not pushed, but pulled. The stones 1 are therefore no longer compressed in the region of the push rod 11, as is the case in the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 8 and 9. Although the stones 1 still press against the push rod 11 - since the stones 1 are moved due to the vibration or the hopping on the support 18 at a lower speed than the support 18 - the pushing pressure acting on the stones 1 by the push rod 11 is, however significantly lower and no longer disturbing. Optionally, the entire conveyor 10 can be slightly inclined, so that the stones 1 viewed in the conveying direction run slightly downward, whereby the effect that they migrate relative to the support 18 in the conveying direction to the rear, is counteracted.

The support 18 offers a further advantage over the embodiment shown in FIGS. 8 and 9. As has been shown in experiments, the risk of breakage in very thin stones or long or large stones is relatively large. By the support 18, in particular when it is formed of an elastic material, the risk of breakage is reduced considerably, since the stones 1 no longer impinge on the base 2, which is usually formed of steel, but on an elastic material, preferably rubber. FIG. 12 shows a modification of the embodiment of the conveyor 10 shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, which has substantially the same advantages. The embodiment according to FIG. 12 likewise has a chain conveyor 10 as well as a push rod 11 and optionally a limiting bar 17, which are arranged analogously to the embodiments according to FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 or FIG. 10 and FIG. 11. It is provided that the stones 1 rest on a support 18, which moves the stones 1 at least approximately at the speed of the conveyor 10 in the conveying direction. The support 18 is designed as a circulating conveyor belt, which is preferably formed substantially of an elastic material, such as rubber. The conveyor belt 18 extends in such a way that it is vibrated by the vibration device 6, whereby the resting stones 1 hop or vibrate. The conveyor 10 is preferably arranged such that neither the chain strands nor the push rod 11 or the limiting rod 17 vibrate. Optionally, it can also be provided that the conveyor belt 18 is connected to one or more limiting rods 17 or push rods 11. The actual feed, with which the stones 1 are transported in the conveying direction through the aging area, based on the advancing movement of the conveyor belt 18. However, the stones 1 due to their vibration (at low speed) move backwards relative to the conveyor belt 18. This rearward movement is limited by the push rod 11 accordingly. However, the thrust pressure which the push rod 11 exerts on the stones 1 is so small that it does not disturb the vibration or the hopping movement of the stones 1. The limiting rod 17 prevents the stones 1 can leave the intended area forward. Instead of a chain conveyor 10, in the embodiments according to FIGS. 8 to 12, it is also possible to use another conveying device, which is preferably designed to be circumferential.

Fig. 13 shows an embodiment of the push rod 11 and the limiting rod 17, which is particularly suitable for the aging of trapezoidal in cross-section or generally unstable in their position stones 1. Such stones 1 may be, for example, split or split stones, which generally have an uneven or raised and recessed surface. The inventor has found that regardless of the embodiment of the conveyor (not shown in Fig. 13) and regardless of how the stones are transported through the aging area (Figs. 8 to 12), the aging result of stones 1 is unstable rest on the pad 2 can be improved by the fact that the push rod 11 and the limiting rod 17 are formed such that they support the stones 1. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 13, both the push rod 11 and the limiting rod 17 have an additional support element IIa or 17a. Alternatively, a plurality of support elements may be provided or the push rod 11 and the limiting rod 17 as such have a shape which is suitable to support the stones 1 and to avoid their tilting. By the support elements IIa, 17a it is achieved that the surfaces 1a of the stones 1 form a horizontal plane as possible, so that the stone surfaces 1a can be advantageously aged by the impactors 3.

Alternatively, it can also be provided that only the push rod 11 or the limiting rod 17 has support elements. The described and shown in Fig. 13 embodiment of the push rod 11 and the limiting rod 17 can be applied to all the embodiments described above.

Claims

Patent claims

1. A device for artificial aging of stones, in particular concrete blocks, brick pavers and natural stones, having the following features:

1.1 a pad on which the stones are placed so that the surface to be machined and the adjacent edges are exposed;

1.2 substantially free-moving impactors for machining the surface and the adjacent edges of the stones;

1.3 a vibration device to set the stones and the impactors to each other in such a way that the impactors act on the surface and the adjacent edges of the stones; since you do not show that the striking bodies (3) are so movably attached to a mounting device (5) that the striking bodies (3) within a defined area (4) of the surface (Ia) of the stones (1) free are mobile.

2. Device according to claim 1, since it rchge ke nnzei chn et that the impactor (3) are fixed such that the defined areas (4) of each impactor (3) together at least the entire surface of the stones to be processed (1) include.

3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the defined areas (4) of the individual impact bodies (3) overlap.

4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the defined region (4) of a striking body (3) has a diameter corresponding to a movement or deflection of the striking body (3) of 5 mm to 40 mm, preferably 10 mm , in all directions corresponds.

5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, in that a defined area (4) has a substantially elliptical shape which extends with its main axis in the direction of passage and preferably has a length of 60 to 400 mm.

6. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, in that there is the impactors (3) fixed in such a way that the impactors (3) can not penetrate into the space between two stones (1).

7. Device according to claim 6, characterized in that the impactors (3) are fixed in such a way that, when the stones (1) and the impactors (3) do not move, they rest on the stones (1).

8. Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, d a d u r c h e c e n e c e in that the attachment of the impactor (3) from the vibration device (6) excited stroke movement of the impactor (3) substantially not limited.

9. Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the holding device (5) is arranged above the stones (1).

10. Device according to claim 9, characterized in that the holder device (5) has a pattern of holding elements (7) extending plane-parallel to the surface of the bricks (1).

11. The device as claimed in claim 9 or 10, wherein the impact bodies (3) are each fastened individually to the support elements (7).

12. Device according to one of claims 9, 10 or 11, d a c h e c e s e s that the impactors (3) via fastening members (8) to the support elements (7) are attached.

13. The device according to claim 12, characterized in that the fastening members (8) are designed as chains, cables, rods, profile elements and the like.

14. The device according to claim 12, characterized in that the holding elements (7) have rail-shaped receptacles in which the fastening members (8), preferably designed as metal chains, can be suspended.

15. The apparatus according to claim 12, characterized in that the fastening members (8) have a profile through which an internal space (8a) is formed which is adapted to comprise a pipe or rod-shaped retaining element (7) so that the fastening members (8) are movable relative to the retaining element (7) are that on the fastening members (8) attached impactor (3) can perform a lifting movement.

16. Device according to claim 15, characterized in that the attachment member (8) is a bent square profile.

17. Device according to one of claims 1 to 16, d a d c h e c e in n e z e c h e s that a conveyor (10) is provided to durchzufordern the stones (1) below the striker (3).

18. Device according to claim 17, characterized in that the conveying device (10) operates continuously.

19. Device according to claim 17 or 18, in that a conveyor belt (10) operates circumferentially, preferably a belt, chain or belt conveyor device.

20. Device according to claim 17, 18 or 19, characterized in that the conveying device (10) has a push rod (11).

21. Device according to one of claims 17 to 20, characterized in that the conveyor (10) has a limiting bar (17).

22. Device according to claim 17, wherein the stones rest on a support which moves the stones at least approximately at the speed of the conveying device in the conveying direction.

23. Device according to claim 22, characterized in that the support (18) is arranged such that vibrations from the vibration device (6) can be transmitted to the support (18).

24. Device according to claim 22 or 23, characterized in that the support is a circulating conveyor belt (18).

25. Device according to claim 24, characterized in that the conveyor belt (18) is formed essentially of an elastic material, preferably rubber.

26. Device according to claim 22 or 23, wherein a support (18) is transported along by the conveying device (10).

27. The device according to claim 26, characterized in that the support (18) between the push rod (11) and the limiting rod (17) is arranged.

28. Device according to claim 27, wherein a support (18) is essentially pulled by the limiting rod (17) which precedes the push rod (11).

29. Device according to claim 26, 27 or 28, characterized in that the support (18) is essentially formed of an elastic material, preferably a rubber mat.

30. Device according to one of claims 1 to 29, d a d u r c h e c e n e z e c h e s that the push rod (11) with a plurality of rotatable elements, preferably bearing (16), is provided.

31. Device according to one of claims 1 to 30, a d u r c h e c e n e c e s in that the holding device (5) and / or the support elements (7) during the striking action of the impactor (3) on the stones (1) are movable.

32. The device according to claim 31, since it can be controlled that the holding elements (7) oscillate.

33. The device according to claim 31 or 32, wherein, the support elements (7) can be axially moved back and forth.

34. Device according to one of claims 1 to 33, characterized in that the impactors (3) are arranged or designed such that the impactors (3) are aligned in the rest state against the direction of passage of the stones (1).

35. The device according to claim 34, wherein the impact bodies (3) or the fastening members (8) are weighted by an additional weight (15) on their front side in the passage direction of the stones (1).

36. The device according to claim 1, wherein at least the impactors (3) lying behind in the direction of passage, which first pass through the stones (1) when entering the aging area, are aligned in the direction of passage in the resting state.

37. Device according to one of claims 17 to 36, characterized in that means (13) are provided in the region through which the stones (1) under the striking action of the impactor (3), which at least a portion of the stones (1 ), so that the raised portion of the stone (1) protrudes in the direction of the impactor (3) and is exposed to a stronger impact of the impactor (3).

38. The device according to claim 37, wherein the means are elevations (13) over which the conveyor (10) pushes the undersides of the bricks (1).

39. Apparatus according to claim 38, characterized in that the elevations (13) lift the stones (1) viewed in the direction of passage laterally.

40. Apparatus according to claim 38 or 39, characterized in that the elevations (13) are arranged such that each stone (1) on each side can be raised at least once.

41. Device according to claim 38, 39 or 40, in that, the elevations (13) are formed in a ramp shape.

42. Device according to one of claims 38 to 41, since it can be checked that the elevations (13) have rollers (14).

43. Method for the artificial aging of stones, in particular of concrete blocks, brick pavers and natural stones, after which the stones (1) are applied to a base (2) such that the surface (1a) of the stones (1) to be machined and the adjacent edges (Ib), after which the surface (1a) of the stones (1) to be machined is brought into contact with a plurality of impactors (3), which are secured by a movable attachment within a defined area (4) of the surface (1a). the stones (1) are substantially free to move and after which the stones (1) and the impactors (3) are set in motion by the introduction of vibrations to each other such that the impactors (3) on the surface (Ia) and the adjacent Edges (Ib) act.