RU2391807C1 - Method for cultivation of green manure crops - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. ^ SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agriculture and may be used to cultivate green manure crops in fallows for sowing of winter crops. Method includes cultivation of soil, sowing of green manure crops in regular rows, ploughing green manure crops into soil and sowing winter crops. Green manure crops are sown with the distance between rows that equals width of technological track. Prior to ploughing of green manure crops, in areas of technological track location two rows of green manure crops are separated to retain snow, melt waters and further cultivation of winter crops, and are left in ploughing. ^ EFFECT: method will make it possible to increase productivity of winter crops. ^ 2 cl, 1 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to methods of cultivating sideral crops in pairs for sowing winter crops (winter wheat, winter barley, winter rape).

There is a method of cultivating a sideral culture of a wiki, when its sowing in pairs is carried out in a continuous ordinary way, and in the flowering phase of plants the green mass is planted into the soil with heavy disk harrows. Then carry out dump plowing and subsurface cultivation to a depth of 20-22 cm. Before sowing winter wheat, pre-sowing cultivation of the soil is carried out. The green manure cultivated in the soil increases the productivity of winter wheat (N.M.Domanov, P.M.Solntsev. The use of green manure under winter wheat as a factor in the biologization of agriculture. // Models and technologies for optimizing agriculture. / Collection of reports of the international scientific-practical conference of 9- October 11, 2003. Kursk, 2003. - S.335).

The disadvantage of this method is the influence of green manure on increasing the productivity of winter wheat only due to the plowing of green mass into the soil. In the years when winter wheat freezes or gives a thinned stalk, the positive effect of green manure embedded in the soil on the yield of winter wheat is not achieved.

The aim of the invention is to expand the possible influence of green manure on increasing the yield of winter crops, not only by plowing their green mass in the soil, but also by increasing the winter hardiness of cultivated crops and soil moisture by trapping snow and melt water on the crops.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the green manure crop is sown broadly in regular rows with a distance between them equal to the tramline width, in which 2 rows of green manure plants are left to plow snow and melt water after plowing the green mass. Sowing winter crops is carried out along or across the abandoned rows of plants.

The arrangement of rows of green manure crops left after plowing the green mass is shown in Figure 1, where 1 is the rows of green manure plants left when plowing, 2 is the rows of green manure plants shredded and sealed when plowed into the soil.

Example. A sideral culture - an annual yellow lupine with a seed rate of 100 kg / ha in a busy couple in the spring was sown widely - by 45 cm with a SZ-3.6 seeder with overlapping sowing units through a row. In the flowering phase - at the beginning of the formation of the fruit, the lupine plants were crushed with disk harrows and scented to a depth of 20-25 cm.

Before plowing green manure at the tramlines (every 15 m), two rows of lupine plants were marked with hangers and left them to trap snow and melt water in the winter-spring period. The results of accounting for the yield of winter wheat grain (cultivar Moskovskaya 39) are shown in the table.

Options Grain productivity, kg / ha one 2 3 four Average Increase c / ha % Sowing without green manure (control) 22.4 23.3 24.1 20.8 22.6 - - Sowing with green manure (second control) 33,4 34,4 35.1 32,2 33.8 11,2 49.5 Sowing with siderates and backstage 38.8 39.0 40,0 37.7 38.9 16.3 72.1 NDS ₀₅ - - 0.503 - -

The advantage of the proposed method is to increase the yield of grain of winter wheat, not only due to the plowing of green mass in the soil, but also by leaving the wings to retain snow and melt water. In addition, the backstage in winter crops also plays the role of a tramline as a guideline when driving a tractor in the process of caring for crops.

The method can be widely used in all climatic zones where winter crops are cultivated, and have high economic efficiency.

Claims (2)

1. A method of cultivating green manure in pairs for sowing winter crops, including cultivating the soil, sowing green manure crops in regular rows, plowing green mass of green manure crops in the soil and sowing winter crops, characterized in that green manure is sown with spacing between rows equal to the tramline moreover, before plowing the green mass of green manure crops in the locations of the tramline, two rows of green manure crops are allocated for trapping snow, melt water and subsequent winter cultivation cultures and leave them when plowing. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that winter crops use winter wheat, winter barley, and winter rape.

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