RU2388519C1 - Hydraulic ash trap-heat recovery unit - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to ash traps and can be used at thermal electric power stations. Proposed hydraulic ash trap comprises housing, inlet and outlet branch pipes, settling chamber filled by water to the level of baffle submerged into chamber, while baffle lower part has lengthwise slots with constant spacing. Inlet gas duct incorporates sprayer representing a manifold with bypass nozzles whereto water is forced via pipeline from screw pump communicated with water collecting tank. Heat exchange representing a tubular coil is arranged below baffle bottom part. Said coil has cold water inlet and hot water outlet. Note that heat exchanger overall dimensions match sizes of chamber cross section in the plane perpendicular to said baffle. Nozzle comprises casing with chamber whereto screw is fitted. Note that casing bottom has throttling hole, while its top accommodates union with cylindrical hole, diffuser and gasket. Said screw has threaded hole, thread direction being aligned with screw outer direction, while conical mixing chamber is arranged above throttling hole to form finely-dispersed swirling flow.

EFFECT: higher efficiency of flue gas cleaning, hence, greater power savings.

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Description

The invention relates to ash collectors and can be used at thermal power plants.

The closest technical solution to the claimed facility is an ash collector for AS USSR No. 435442, С02В 1/10 dated 04.07.72., Comprising an inlet pipe, a housing, an outlet pipe, a hopper, irrigation and spray nozzles (prototype).

The drawback of the ash collector is the relatively low degree of resource conservation and flue gas cleaning.

EFFECT: increased efficiency of resource saving and flue gas cleaning by increasing the spray surface due to the use of a vortex nozzle.

This is achieved by the fact that in a hydraulic ash trap-heat exchanger containing an inlet pipe, a housing, an outlet pipe, a precipitation chamber, the precipitation chamber is filled with water to the level of the dividing wall immersed in the chamber, and the lower part of the dividing wall has longitudinal grooves with a constant pitch, while the inlet the gas duct is equipped with a water sprinkler in the form of a collector with centrifugal nozzles, into which water under pressure flows through a pipeline from a screw pump connected to a water collection tank, to it from the overflow window with an adjustable gate through the drain pipe, while under the lower part of the dividing wall there is a heat exchanger in the form of a tubular coil having an entrance for cold water and an outlet for hot water, while the overall dimensions of the heat exchanger coincide with the dimensions of the chamber a plane perpendicular to the partition, and the nozzle contains a housing with a chamber, into which the screw is pressed in, and a throttle hole is made in the bottom of the housing, and a fitting with a cylinder is placed in the upper part a hole, a diffuser and a gasket, and a screw hole is made inside the screw, the direction of which coincides with the direction of the external screw thread of the screw, and a conical mixing chamber is located above the throttle hole to form a total finely dispersed rotating stream.

Figure 1 shows a diagram of a hydraulic ash trap heat exchanger, figure 2 is a frontal section of a vortex nozzle for spraying liquid.

Hydrosoil trap heat exchanger contains a precipitation chamber 1 (figure 1), filled with water to the level of the separation wall 2, immersed in the chamber 1. The lower part of the separation wall 2, immersed in the chamber 1, has longitudinal grooves with a constant pitch. The inlet gas duct 3 of the device is equipped with a water sprinkler in the form of a collector 12 with centrifugal nozzles 13, water into which is supplied under pressure through a pipe 11 from a screw pump 10 connected to a tank 9 for collecting water coming from an overflow window with an adjustable gate (not shown in the drawing ) through the drain pipe 8.

Under the lower part of the dividing wall 2, immersed in the chamber 1, which has longitudinal grooves with a constant pitch, a heat exchanger is placed in the form of a tubular coil 5 having an inlet 7 for cold water and an outlet 6 for hot water. Moreover, the overall dimensions of the heat exchanger coincide with the dimensions of the cross section of the chamber 1 in the plane perpendicular to the partition 2.

To increase the efficiency of capturing the smallest particles of ash in a precipitation chamber 1 filled with water, foam active substances are added to the water circulation system, which contribute to the formation of foam and more intensive capture of ash particles. The heat of the exhaust flue gases is absorbed by the heat exchanger 5.

The collector 12 is made with vortex nozzles (figure 2), which serve to increase the spray surface. The vortex nozzle consists of a housing 16, inside of which there is a screw 14, pressed into the housing 16. The outer surface of the screw 14 is a helical groove with right (or left) thread. Inside the screw 14, a hole 15 is made with a left (or right) screw thread. At the bottom of the housing 16, a throttle hole 17 is made, the axis of which coincides with the axis of the hole 15 in the screw 14. A conical mixing chamber 18 is located between the lower end of the screw 14 and the slice of the throttle hole 17. The solution (liquid) is supplied through the nozzle 20 fixed in the upper part of the housing 16 through the sealing gasket 19. Inside the fitting 20, a cylindrical hole is made, passing into the diffuser 22, which is connected to the cylindrical chamber 23 made in the housing 16, into which the screw 14 is pressed.

Hydrosoil trap heat exchanger operates as follows.

Hot gases contaminated with ash particles enter the chamber 1 through the inlet duct 3, which is equipped with a water sprinkler in the form of a collector 12 with centrifugal nozzles 13, into which water under pressure passes through a pipe 11 from a screw pump 10 connected to a tank 9 for collecting water entering from an overflow window with an adjustable gate (not shown in the drawing) through a drain pipe 8.

Rounding the partition 2 at an angle of 180 ° C and passing through a thin layer of water, the flue gases are cleaned of solid ash particles and cooled to a temperature of 80 ÷ 100 ° C are discharged through the outlet duct 4. The water heated in the tubular coil 5 is pumped through the outlet 6 to consumers hot process water. The sludge accumulated in the bottom of the chamber 1 is periodically discharged through a storage hopper (not shown in the drawing).

Vortex nozzle for spraying liquids works as follows.

The fluid is supplied through a cylindrical hole 21 into the diffuser 22, and from it into the chamber 23, from which it flows simultaneously in two directions under pressure: firstly, into the screw external cavity of the screw 14, and secondly, into the hole 15 s screw thread. A rotating fluid stream from the screw external cavity of the screw 14 enters the mixing chamber 18. On the other hand, liquid 18 enters the chamber 18 from the screw hole 15, rotating in the direction opposite to the external flow going through the screw 14, or by passing (the same ) rotation. In the interaction of the rotating flows in the chamber 18, an additional crushing of the liquid droplets occurs due to their collision in the associated or opposite rotating fluid flows (external and internal). The total finely divided rotating stream exits through the throttle hole 17, and the direction of its rotation is determined by the hydraulic resistance of the external or internal screw cavities and grooves of the screw 14, respectively. The nozzle screw 14 can be made of solid materials: tungsten carbide, ruby, sapphire. With an average diameter of the throttle hole 17, which is in the range of 2.5 ... 3.5 mm, and the pressure supplied through the cylindrical hole 21 of the liquid under a pressure of 6 ... 9 MPa, atomization of 400 to 1000 kg / h of liquid is provided. The nozzle is easy to manufacture and maintain.

Claims (1)

A hydro-ash trap-heat exchanger containing an inlet pipe, a housing, an outlet pipe, a precipitation chamber, characterized in that the precipitation chamber is filled with water to the level of the dividing wall, immersed in the chamber, and the lower part of the dividing wall has longitudinal grooves with a constant pitch, while the inlet duct is equipped with water sprinkler in the form of a collector with centrifugal nozzles, in which water under pressure enters through a pipeline from a screw pump connected to a tank for collecting water from an overflow window with an adjustable gate through the drain pipe, while under the lower part of the dividing wall there is a heat exchanger in the form of a tubular coil having an entrance for cold water and an outlet for hot water, while the overall dimensions of the heat exchanger coincide with the dimensions of the cross-section of chamber 1 in the plane, perpendicular to the partition, and the nozzle contains a housing with a chamber into which the screw is pressed into, and a throttle hole is made in the bottom of the housing, and a fitting with a cylindrical position is placed in the upper part m hole, diffuser and gasket, and a screw hole is made inside the screw, the direction of which coincides with the direction of the external screw thread of the screw, and a conical mixing chamber is located above the throttle hole to form a total finely dispersed rotating stream.

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