RU2386815C2 - Rotary engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: rotary engine comprises housing with rotor and splitter orifices and working fluid feed and discharge channels. Rotor has unenclosed shaped variable-depth groove arranged in the plane perpendicular to rotor rotational axis to make an expansion chamber. Splitter is arranged in the housing to enter the rotor groove and reciprocate in both housing and groove of said rotor. Rotor surface is located between rotor groove start and end.

EFFECT: simplified design and higher efficiency.

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Description

The invention relates to the category of engines and can be used in the field of engineering.

Similar technical solutions are known, for example, a four-stroke internal combustion engine (ICE) (see "Internal Combustion Engines" in 3 books. Textbook edited by V.N. Lukanin. M .: Higher School, 1995). The engine has four strokes during operation: inlet, compression, combustion and exhaust. When fuel is burned in the engine cylinder, the energy received during the combustion of the fuel mixture is converted into a mechanical reciprocating motion of the piston, which is then converted into rotational motion of the shaft by means of a crankshaft. Common signs of the proposed solution and the analogue described above is the conversion of the energy of the working fluid into the rotational motion of the shaft.

The advantages of ICE:

- technically developed design,

- wide use.

The disadvantages of the engine:

- low efficiency

- the need to convert the reciprocating motion into rotational,

- a large number of parts.

The technical result that cannot be achieved by analogue is the direct conversion of the energy of the working fluid into rotational motion.

There is also a technical solution selected as a prototype - a Wankel rotary engine (see. "Wankel Engine", Big Soviet Encyclopedia, M., Soviet Encyclopedia).

The Wankel rotary piston engine is a housing in which a trihedral rotor having a gear wheel is installed. The wheel is rolled around a stationary gear installed in the housing, as a result of which the rotor moves in the housing along the epitrochoidal surface. Between the casing and the surface of the rotor, closed cavities are formed alternately, which serve as engine chambers. The engine runs on a four-cycle cycle.

Advantage of Wankel Engine:

- direct conversion of the energy of combustion of the fuel mixture into rotational motion;

- high power density.

Disadvantages of a Wankel rotary engine:

- high requirements for manufacturability,

- a relatively small motor resource,

- increased fuel consumption.

Common features of the proposed solution and the analogue described above are the conversion of the energy of the working fluid directly into rotational motion.

The technical result, which cannot be achieved by the analogue described above, lies in the impossibility of simplifying the design and increasing efficiency.

The reason for the impossibility of obtaining a technical result is that this layout scheme works along a complex trajectory of the moving parts of the engine.

Given the analysis and characteristics of similar technical solutions, we can conclude that the creation of a structurally simple and efficient rotary engine is an urgent task.

The invention is illustrated by the following descriptions and drawings, in which Fig. 1 shows a rotary engine housing with a cutter installed in it, Figs. 2 and 3 show a section of a housing with a rotor and a cutter, and Fig. 4 shows a section of a rotor in the region of a groove of variable depth.

The technical result indicated above is achieved by the fact that the design of the rotary engine is (Fig. 1):

- housing 1, in which the rotor and cutter are installed and there are channels for supplying and discharging the working fluid;

- rotor 2, in which there is an open groove 4 of constant width and variable depth;

- a cutter 3 installed in the housing 1, included in the groove on the rotor 2 along its width, which has the ability to make reciprocating movements in the profiled hole of the housing 1.

The rotor 2 is a cylindrical part mounted in the housing so that it can rotate freely in the motor housing, but the gap between the housing and the rotor is minimal. If necessary, by known technical methods, the gap is sealed between the housing and the rotor. In a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation, an open groove 4 of constant width and variable depth is made in the rotor. In combination with other parts of the engine, the groove acts as an expansion chamber, in which the physical energy of the working fluid is converted into rotational motion of the rotor. The groove profile is shown in figure 4, which shows a section of the rotor in the groove zone. The inner (deep) surface of the groove in the rotor is formed by three working sections:

- the lowering section of the cutter is indicated by the line EF. In this section, the cutter is lowered to the seal area, therefore it is made curved so as to ensure smooth movement of the cutter from the rotor surface to the seal zone during rotation of the rotor. The depth of the groove in this section varies from zero to the diameter of the seal surface;

- the seal area is indicated by the BCD line and represents a cylindrical or profiled surface formed by a regular circle around the center of the rotor. The quality of the seal surface is determined by the engine class. The length of the seal surface is determined by the design features of the engine;

- the lifting section of the cutter is indicated by the line AB. In this section, the cutter is squeezed out by the internal (deep) surface of the groove from the seal section to the surface of the rotor; therefore, it is made curved to ensure a smooth rise of the cutter from the seal section to the surface of the rotor. The depth of the groove in this section varies from the diameter of the seal surface to zero;

- between the edges of the groove there is a section on the surface of the rotor, indicated by the line AF. The width of this section is determined by the design features of the engine and is calculated in such a way as to minimize losses on leakage of the working fluid during engine operation. If necessary, the named surface is compacted by known technical methods.

Thus, between the beginning of the groove and its end is the surface of the rotor.

The side walls of the groove in the rotor are parallel to each other and are formed by parallel planes located perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the rotor.

If necessary, it is also possible to use a profiled groove in the rotor, in which its side walls are formed by curved surfaces or are not parallel.

To use the engine as a drive of mechanisms, a power take-off shaft is connected to the rotor by known technical methods.

The cutter 3 is a massive elongated along the length of the part installed in the hole in the housing 1 of the engine. The longitudinal axis of the cutter is located in the middle of the groove in the rotor and is located in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the rotor. The cutter has a width equal to the width of the groove in the rotor, and can make reciprocating movements in the groove and hole in the housing in a straight line perpendicular to the axis of the rotor. The cutter must be made in such a way as to minimize losses on leakage of the working fluid during engine operation between the walls of the groove in the rotor and the cutter. The working part of the cutter, immediately adjacent to the seal section of the groove of the rotor, should repeat the profile of the seal section as accurately as possible for the most efficient sealing of this section. If necessary, the surface of the cutter is sealed by known technical methods. The dimensions of the cutter must be calculated taking into account the significant loads that it perceives when the engine is running.

The housing of the rotary engine 1 is a part in which there is an opening for the rotor 2, channels for supplying 6 and outlet 7 of the working fluid and a profiled opening for the shutoff. The hole for the rotor should be made in such a way as to ensure free rotation of the rotor and at the same time minimize the loss of the working fluid between the walls of the hole and the surface of the rotor. The hole for the cutter must be made in such a way as to provide free reciprocating movement of the cutter and at the same time minimize the loss of working fluid between the walls of the cutter and the walls of the holes for it in the housing. If necessary, the surface of the opening for the cutter adjacent to the cutter is sealed by known technical methods.

Thus, we have a rotary engine containing a housing with holes for the rotor and the shutoff and channels for supplying and discharging the working fluid, a rotor having an open profiled groove of variable depth, located in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the rotor, which functions as an expansion chamber, and a shutoff installed in the housing and entering the groove on the rotor, having the ability to make reciprocating movements in the housing and groove of the rotor, where between the beginning of the groove on the rotor and its end there is a surface p Torah.

Materials for the manufacture of parts of the proposed rotary engine - any well-known structural materials. Materials for the design of the engine are selected depending on the class of the engine, the cycle of work, the working fluid used and other engineering parameters.

The proposed design of a rotary engine can operate according to any of the two main cycles of the engine - the external cycle and as an internal combustion engine.

Consider the principle of operation of a rotary engine when working on an external cycle.

We assume that at the initial stage of operation of the rotary engine, the cutter 3 is located on the surface of the rotor 2 - in the AF area. When the rotor rotates counterclockwise, the cutter penetrates the groove of the rotor and deepens into it along the lowering section (position in figure 2). The movement of the cutter in this area is forced. The mechanism for pressing the cutter can be different, depending on the design of the engine - starting from a conventional spring and ending with more complex technical solutions - pneumatic, hydraulic or other drive. When the cutter reaches the seal section, it is pressed against this section on the ED line, providing sealing in the expansion chamber. At the moment the cutter is pressed against the seal portion of the rotor groove, a closed volume 5 is formed inside the rotor, bounded by the side walls of the rotor groove, the motor housing, the rotor groove surface EF and the cutter surface EG (FIG. 2). This closed volume will hereinafter be called the expansion chamber. The working medium is fed into the expansion chamber through the channel 6 of the housing. As the working fluid in the external cycle of the engine can be used compressed gas, liquid under pressure, steam.

When it enters the expansion chamber, the working fluid creates a force on the walls of the expansion chamber due to the physical properties of the expansion. In this case, two unbalanced forces arise - the force F ₁ in the cutoff portion EG and the force F ₂ in the rotor groove portion EF (FIG. 2). The force F ₁ is transmitted through the cutoff to the engine housing and is extinguished. The force F ₂ acts on the rotor on the shoulder relative to the axis of rotation of the rotor, resulting in a rotational moment around the axis of the rotor, leading to its rotation. When the rotor rotates, the volume of the expansion chamber increases.

Upon reaching the position shown in Fig. 3, the rotor comes to a position in which the channel 7 in the housing is open, the working fluid leaves the expansion chamber, the pressure in the expansion chamber is relieved, the parts of the expansion chamber open, and the groove in the rotor with its surface AB pushes the cutter to the surface of the rotor. Then the cycle repeats.

Thus, we have two cycles of the engine - the stroke from position in figure 2 to the position in figure 3 and idle from position in figure 3 to the position in figure 2. The force F ₂ acts on the rotor constantly all the time the engine is running, creating a stable torque. Rotation of the rotor during idle with the single-chamber rotary engine discussed above can be arranged using a flywheel, which is permissible in engines operating with low power.

However, the operation of the proposed rotary engine with a single camera is technically not rational. The most effective technical result can be obtained by manufacturing on one rotor several, at least two, expansion chambers working with offset cycles, i.e. when one of the chambers is in the idle position, a working stroke is carried out in the other chamber. Additional expansion chambers are located on the rotor at some distance from each other in the form of parallel profiled grooves similar to the described groove. Each of the additional cameras must have its own cutter. In this case, the rotary engine will have constant torque. Figure 1 shows an additional groove 8 with an individual cut-off 9.

The number of expansion chambers, the distance between them, the groove profile and engine operation cycles are determined by the design features of the engine.

The advantage of the proposed technical solution:

- simplicity of design, expressed in a minimum number of engine parts;

- high manufacturability, due to the fact that the main working surfaces of the engine have simple shapes - straight lines and circles. The simplest engine, manufactured without the use of special sealing methods, for example, steam or pneumatic, can be manufactured in any mechanical workshop without the use of precision equipment;

- high engine efficiency. The working stroke of one expansion chamber of the engine can be up to 270 or more degrees of rotation of the rotor, which allows the most efficient use of the physical properties of the energy of the working fluid when converting it into rotational motion;

- low consumption of the working fluid;

- the ability to obtain a high specific power of the engine with minimum overall dimensions;

- absolute balance of the engine;

- low engine noise due to the possibility of efficient use of the working fluid;

- high engine speeds;

- environmental friendliness of the engine, working on the principle of internal combustion engine, due to the most complete combustion of fuel. The possibility of this is provided by a long duty cycle.

Thus, the proposed rotary engine can significantly improve the technical characteristics of machines and mechanisms. The application of the proposed technical solution allows you to create a new stage in mechanical engineering.

Claims (1)

A rotary engine comprising a housing with openings for the rotor and the shutoff and channels for supplying and discharging the working fluid, a rotor having an open profiled groove of variable depth located in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the rotor, acting as an expansion chamber, and a cutoff mounted in the housing and included in the groove on the rotor, having the ability to make reciprocating movements in the housing and groove of the rotor, characterized in that between the beginning of the groove on the rotor and its end is the surface of the rotor.

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