RU2385988C1 - Compartment of sludge pond of industrial enterprises wastes - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: compartment comprises a fencing structure made of soil material, antifiltration base device made of rolled material and coated with a protective layer of soil material, and antifiltration device of fencing structure made of rolled material in the form of screen or diaphragm. Protective layer of antifiltration base device is made of draining soil and adjoins internal drain provided at antifiltration base device and adjoining antifiltration device of fencing structure. At nonpressure side there is a lateral drainage adjoining antifiltration device of fencing structure, which is arranged in the base of fencing structure and equipped with a drain device, and underlying antifiltration device made of rolled material and coupled with antifiltration base device. Antifiltration device of fencing structure in the area of simultaneous adjacency of internal and lateral drain to it at various sides as an antifilter is arranged as destroyable by load at a specified stage of compartment filling with wastes, which provides for engagement of hydraulic communication of internal drain to drain device of lateral drainage.

EFFECT: improved intensity and complete dehydration of wastes prior to compartment conservation.

4 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to hydraulic engineering and can be used to create sludge collectors, tailings and ash dumps.

Known section of the hydraulic dump, created by the primary dyke deboning and continuously increased by one-sided washing of granular waste. When alluvial, large fractions settle on the beach and form a massive persistent prism of the enclosing structure, and small fractions are deposited in a settling pond [1, pp. 515 and 516, Fig. 21.4, b]. However, the creation of such an economical section is possible when the initial waste contains fractions with a diameter of less than 0.074 mm and not more than 50% by weight, which limits the scope of the section [2, p. 71, p. 8.30]. Moreover, such a section usually pollutes groundwater and surface water.

The section enclosing structure can be almost completely erected from beach waste in the form of secondary dams (building dams) using earth-moving machinery [1, p. 510, Fig. 21.1]. The creation of such a section is possible when the initial waste contains fractions with a diameter of less than 0.074 mm and not more than 60% by weight, which does not sufficiently expand the scope of the dam [2, p. 75, p. 8.38].

With smaller dusty wastes, a bulk section of the hydraulic dump is carried out, which is created by the enclosing structure erected from the ground, most often in bulk using immediately to full height or in separate bursts. Such an enclosing structure consists of a central part and a bottom and top thrust prisms [1, p. 509 and 510] or [3, p. 10 and 11, fig. 2, type IV and p. 26, fig. 7].

The disadvantage of this section is its high cost due to the large volume of its enclosing structure. In this case, an upright prism is usually up to 40% of the volume of the enclosing structure and occupies part of the capacity of the hydraulic dump. This leads to high costs for the construction of the enclosing structure and reduces the useful capacity of the hydraulic dump.

A known section of a waste dump of industrial enterprises, including a building made of soil material, an anti-filtration device of the base, made of rolled material coated with a protective layer of soil material, and an anti-filter device of the building, made of rolled material in the form of a screen or diaphragm. In this case, the antifiltration device is usually made of a polymer roll material, i.e. plastic film [4].

The reason that impedes the receipt of the technical result indicated below when using the well-known section of the hydraulic dump, adopted as a prototype, is the lack of efficient and reliable drains in the section. This is due to the fact that the anti-filtration device of the enclosing structure prevents the water from leaving the section, the implementation of the water supply device through which is difficult and not reliable enough. The pressurized water, which is located in the waste pores after filling the section, over time, sometimes many years after the conservation (reclamation) of the section inevitably penetrates the anti-filter device and pollutes ground and surface waters.

The task to which the claimed technical solution is directed is to increase the efficiency of work in creating the section and the environmental safety of the section. The technical result from the use of the invention is to increase the intensity and completeness of dehydration of waste before conservation section.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known section of the waste dump of industrial enterprises, including the enclosing structure made of soil material, an anti-filtration device of the base made of rolled material and covered with a protective layer of soil material, and an anti-filter device of the enclosing structure made of rolled material in the form of a screen or diaphragm, according to the invention, the protective layer of the anti-filtration device of the base is made from draining soil and adjacent to the internal drainage. This drainage is located on the anti-filtering device of the base and is adjacent to the anti-filtering device of the enclosing structure. On the pressureless side, an intercepting drainage located at the base of the enclosing structure and equipped with a discharge device and made of rolled material underlying anti-filtration device adjoins the anti-filtration device of the enclosing structure, which is connected from the upper side to the anti-filtration device of the base. The antifiltration device of the enclosing structure in the place of simultaneous adjacency on both sides of the internal and intercepting drains in the antifiltration relation is made by destructible load at a given stage of filling the section with waste. This ensures that the hydraulic communication of the internal drainage with the diverting device of the intercepting drainage is activated.

Additionally:

- the antifiltration device of the enclosing structure in the place of simultaneous adjacency on both sides of the internal and intercepting drainage made of material with low chemical resistance, reducing the durability of the antifiltration device in this place;

- in the case of the implementation of the anti-filtering device of the enclosing structure in the form of a diaphragm, the enclosing structure in cross section may contain a half-erected wall separating the semi-erected lower persistent prism of the structure from the half-washed up waste, holding the wall in an upright position and forming an upper persistent prism of the structure after lying, when this wall is made of interconnected gabions whose baskets are box-shaped, made of wire mesh and filled us stone material, and a diaphragm disposed between tiered wall and waste.

- the diaphragm is located on a gasket adjacent directly to the wall and made of a wire mesh, the cell dimensions of which are smaller than the cell sizes of the wire mesh of the gabion basket, while in the place where the internal drainage adjoins the diaphragm, the wire mesh of the gasket, with respect to its rest, has a lower corrosion resistance, and / or lower strength, and / or larger cells, which ensures destruction by the load of the diaphragm in this place at a given stage of filling the section with waste.

It is the implementation of the anti-filtration device of the enclosing structure in the lower part that is destroyed at the predetermined stage of filling the section with waste (usually before the preservation of the section) ensures that the internal drainage is activated, and the protective layer of the anti-filtration device of the base with the drainage ensures high efficiency of this drainage. At the same time, the drainage, internal and intercepting, provides the suffusion stability of the waste at the place of activation of the hydraulic connection between the drains. All this provides at a given stage of filling the section intensive and complete dehydration of waste.

The implementation of the invention is illustrated by drawings, in which for three examples depicts the cross section of the section, as well as the types of wire mesh laying, while the degree of reduction of horizontal dimensions in figure 2 and 3 is two to three times higher than the degree of reduction of vertical dimensions, namely:

- in figure 1, the enclosing structure is made with a screen in two stages at full height, example 1;

- figure 2 the enclosing structure contains a primary dam made with a screen, and secondary dams made of waste through earth-moving machinery, example 2;

- figure 3 the enclosing structure is made with the diaphragm to full height, example 3;

- figure 4 - types of wire mesh for laying in accordance with GOST 2715-75: a - wicker; b - twisted; in - woven.

Example 1. The section is formed by a building envelope 1 made of soil material and equipped with an anti-filter device (PFC) 2, 3 and 4, as well as drainages: internal 5 and intercepting 6. Each PFC 2, 3 and 4 is made of polymer roll material, for example, a polyethylene film located on the underlying layer 7 and provided with a protective layer 8. PFC 2 is located on the soil base (bottom) of section 9, PFC 3 on the uphill slope of the building 1 and forms its screen, and PFC 4 at the base of the intercepting drainage 6 and is odstilayuschim.

The protective layer 8 of the PFU 2 is made of drainage soil and adjoins the internal (pipeless) drainage 5 located on the PFU 2 directly at the PFU 3. On the pressureless side, the PFU 3 is adjacent to the intercepting drainage 6, which is located at the base of the enclosing structure 1 on the PFU 4 and equipped with a drainage pipe 10. PFU 3 in the place of simultaneous adjacency on both sides of the drainage of the internal 5 and intercepting 6 in the antifiltration respect is made by destructible load at a given, for example, at the final stage of filling tion waste. This ensures that the hydraulic communication of the internal drainage 5 with the intercepting drainage 6 is activated, therefore, the entire drainage system is activated: the protective layer 8, the internal drainage 5, the intercepting drainage 6 with the drainage pipe 10. This drainage system is through the outlet pipes 11 and their collector (not shown ) communicated with the waste hydrotransport system.

The destruction of PFCs 3 within the drainage of the inner 5 and intercepting 6 is ensured mainly by the fact that the polyethylene film of the cloth 12 located in the indicated place, with respect to the waste reagents, is made with low chemical resistance, which reduces the durability of the cloth 12. The destruction of the cloth 12 is also affected by the size and fractions of drainage material 5 and drainage 6 (puncturing) fractions adjacent to the panel 12 and having the appearance of a draining soil powder, as well as a moderate thickness of the plastic film in the panel 12. Reduced The longer durability of the polyethylene film can be realized in its manufacture by introducing a special splitter into the polyethylene structure.

In figure 1, other elements of the section are indicated, namely:

13 - the first stage of the building;

14 - pulp line;

15 - beach area;

16 - beach;

17 - a pond zone;

18 - settling pond;

19 - the second stage of the enclosing structure.

The creation of the section of the hydraulic dump and its work is as follows.

On the prepared soil base 9, the underlying PFU 4 and intercepting drainage 6 with the drainage pipe 10 are made, the discharge pipes 11 are laid at the same time. Then the first part 13 of the building 1 is erected, PFU 2 and PFU 3 with a cloth 12 in its lower part are built and the internal drainage is poured 5. Then, through the slurry line 14, the pulp is first supplied to the section and the beach zone 15 is washed with the beach 16 above it and the pond zone 17 with the settling pond 18 above it. After the construction of the second stage 19 of the building 1, the waste section of the second stage is filled in the same way.

When reclaiming waste into the first stage section and when the PFU 2 and PFU 3 are in good condition, there is practically no filtration from the polluted water section. In the future, when washing the waste into the second stage section, the chemically unstable cloth 12 rapidly aging under the influence of reagents, which experiences the effect of the increased load, is at least destroyed in some places. As a result of this, the hydraulic communication of the internal drainage 5 with the intercepting drainage 6 is activated. The filtering water from the section, completely purified from the suspension, is discharged through the discharge pipes 11 into their collector and sent to the waste hydrotransport system.

After the completion of the washing up of the waste into the section, as a result of the effective operation of the drainage system, water is drained from the settling pond 18 and the waste is completely and intensively dehydrated. This simplifies the work and accelerates the conservation (reclamation) of the section and increases environmental safety due to the complete removal of pressure water from the section.

Example 2. The section is formed by the enclosing structure 1, which contains a primary dam 20 made of soil material with PFCs 3 in the form of a screen, and secondary dams (the same: building dams) 21 made of waste through earth-moving machines.

The main structural feature of the section, in contrast to the section of example 1, is that, firstly, the building 1 contains a primary dam 20 and secondary dams 21, while PFC 3 is provided with only a primary dam 20, and secondly, a drainage the intercepting drain pipe 10 is located at the lower slope of the primary dam 20.

The main feature of the work of such a section is that, firstly, with the timely destruction of the panel 12 and the involvement of the entire drainage system of the section, the waste of the beach zone 15 is effectively dehydrated, which simplifies the construction of secondary dams 21, therefore, it saves money and increases the reliability of the section during seismic shaking. Secondly, the discharge pipes 11 do not cross the PFCs 4 of the intercepting drainage 6, and the drainage pipe 10 has maintainability, which increases the reliability of the section.

Example 3 (FIGS. 3 and 4). The section is formed by the enclosing structure 1, which is made with PFC 3 in the form of a diaphragm. The building 1 contains a half-erected wall 22, h _jas separating the half-erected lower thrust prism 23, h _yap , from the half-washed silty dust, for example, tailings 24, h _yach . These tails 24 are reclaimed by the method "from the dam", they hold the wall 22 in an upright position and after lying form a high-quality stable thrust prism 25 of the building 1.

Wall 22 is made of interconnected gabions 26, baskets 27 of which are box-shaped, made of wire mesh (the grid is not shown in the drawings) and filled with stone material 28. PFU 3 is located on the pressure (top) surface 29 of wall 22. This is PFC 3 composed of tapes 30 made of a polymer roll material, mainly from a plastic film, and always exceeds the level of the tails 24 in front of the wall 22.

Each tape 30 forms a tier of PFCs within the tier of the wall 22, usually consisting of 2-3 rows of gabions 26 located one above the other. The tapes 30 are joined by an overlap 31 along the height of the wall 22. A gasket is located between each tape 30 and the pressure surface 29 of the wall 22. 32 made of wire mesh. The gasket 32 is also located in the bottom wall 22. The wire mesh pad 32 may be braided or twisted or woven (4), wherein the following condition is satisfied: ω _nn <ω _yak, but usually 9ω _Jap ≤ω _yak, where _nn ω - the area of the cell 33 of the wire mesh strip in the light (figure 4); ω _yak - cell area of the wire mesh basket 27 gabion 26 in the light (not shown in the drawings gabion cells).

As in examples 1 and 2, the section contains PFU 2, PFU 4, internal drainage 5, intercepting drainage 6 with drainage pipe 10 and outlet pipes 11. Internal drainage 5 is adjacent to PFC 3 along the entire height of the first tier of wall 22. In this place adjoining the wire mesh strip 32, with respect to its rest, has lower corrosion resistance (no anti-corrosion coating), and / or lower strength (thinner wire), and / or larger cells 33. All this ensures the destruction of the PFC load (aperture) within the first tier wall 22 at a predetermined stage of filling tail section and involving the entire section of the drainage system.

If necessary, such a building, as in example 2, may contain secondary dams 21 (not shown).

Other elements of the dam are indicated in the drawing, namely:

34 - bags filled with soil;

35 - a given level of tailings in the tier;

36 - the final level of the dam;

37, 38 and 39 - queues for building the dam;

40 - anchor element;

α is the angle of inclination of the wall.

The main feature of the work of such a tiered erected enclosing structure when filling the section with tails is as follows:

- the tape 30 of the PFC 3 made of a polymer film is pressed by the tails 24 to the strip 32 made in the form of a wire mesh, the size of the cell 33 (Fig. 4) of which is limited, for example, 10-20 mm, which determines the thickness δ of the polymer film usually no more than 1-2 mm;

- the active pressure on the wall from the side of the unconsolidated tails 24 is approximately 3-4 times higher than the active pressure of the soil from the lower thrust prism 23 of the enclosing structure 1;

- water that has penetrated through PFC 3 is drained by the wall 22, is collected by intercepting drainage 6 and the discharge pipes 11 are sent to the tail hydrotransport system.

When washing the waste into the upper tiers of the section, the tape 30 of the first tier adjacent to the gasket 32 made according to the indicated rules and experiencing the effect of the increased load is at least destroyed in some places. As a result of this, the entire drainage system of the section is activated, therefore, the intensive and complete dehydration of the tailings before the conservation (reclamation) of the section.

Information sources

1. Waterworks. Designer reference. / Ed. V.P. Nedrigi. M .: Stroyizdat, 1983.

2. Recommendations for the design and construction of sludge collectors and tailings of the metallurgical industry. VNII VODGEO. - M .: Stroyizdat, 1986.

3. Recommendations for the design of ash and slag dumps of thermal power plants: P26-85. / VNIIG, L., 1986.

4. Recommendations for the design and construction of anti-filter devices from polymer roll materials. - SPb. NII AKH them. K.D. Pamfilova, 1999. 4-9.

Designations

1 - enclosure

2 - PFC base (bottom)

3 - PFC of the enclosing structure (screen or diaphragm)

4 - PFC intercepting drainage

5 - internal drainage

6 - intercepting drainage

7 - the underlying layer

8 - protective layer

9 - the base (bottom) of the section

10 - drainage pipe

11 - outlet pipe

12 - cloth (plastic film)

13 - the first phase of the building

14 - pulp line

15 - beach area

16 - beach

17 - pond zone

18 - settling pond

19 - the second phase of the building

Example 2

20 - primary dam (debris)

21 - secondary dam (building)

Example 3

22 - wall (enclosing structure)

23 - bottom thrust prism

24 - tails

25 - mounted stubborn prism (enclosing structure)

26 - gabion

27 - basket (gabion)

28 - stone material (gabion)

29 - pressure surface (walls) 30-tape (PFU 3)

31 - overlap (tapes)

32 - gasket (wire mesh)

33 - cell (wire mesh, figure 4)

34 - bags filled with soil;

35 - a given level of tailwash in the tier

36 - final level of the dam

37, 38 and 39 - dam extension lines

40 - anchor element

α is the angle of inclination of the wall.

Claims (4)

1. Section of a waste dump of industrial enterprises, including a building made of soil material, an anti-filtration device of the base, made of rolled material and covered with a protective layer of soil material, and an anti-filter device of the building, made of rolled material in the form of a screen or diaphragm, characterized the fact that the protective layer of the anti-filtration device of the base is made of drainage soil and is adjacent to the internal drainage, located to the immobilized on the base anti-filter device and adjacent to the anti-filter device of the enclosing structure, while on the pressureless side to the anti-filter device of the protecting structure adjoins the intercepting drainage located at the base of the protecting structure and equipped with a discharge device and made of roll material, which is an anti-filter device bases, and anti-filtration device GUT boundary structures in place simultaneous abutment on opposite sides thereto and intercepting the inner drainage in relation holds impervious breakable load at a predetermined stage of filling waste section that provides activation of the internal fluid communication of the drainage from the discharge device the intercepting drainage. 2. The hydraulic dump section according to claim 1, characterized in that the antifiltration device of the enclosing structure at the place of simultaneous adjacency on both sides of the internal and intercepting drainage is made of material with low chemical resistance, which reduces the durability of the antifiltration device in this place. 3. The hydraulic dump section according to claim 1, characterized in that in the case of the implementation of the anti-filter device of the enclosing structure in the form of a diaphragm, the enclosing structure in cross section contains a semi-erected wall separating the semi-erected lower persistent prism of the structure from the semi-reclaimed waste holding the wall in a vertical position and forming, after lying, an upright stubborn prism of the structure, the wall being made of interconnected gabions whose baskets are box-shaped, made of wire mesh and filled with stone material, and the diaphragm is tiered between the wall and the waste. 4. The hydraulic dump section according to claim 3, characterized in that the diaphragm is located on a gasket adjacent directly to the wall and made of a wire mesh, the mesh size of which is smaller than the mesh size of the wire mesh of the gabion basket, while the wire mesh is adjacent to the diaphragm the gaskets with respect to the rest of it have lower corrosion resistance and / or lower strength and / or larger cells, which ensures the destruction of the diaphragm by the load in this place at a given stage and filling the section with waste.

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