RU2384552C2 - Percussion cap of cartridge of small arms - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: explosives.

SUBSTANCE: percussion cap of small arms (version 1) includes percussion-igniting composition containing diazodinitrophenol, monobasic potassium styphnate and inert sensibiliser; at that, ratio of weight of percussion-igniting composition to volume of percussion cap is 0.26…0.63 g/cm³. Percussion cap of small arms (version 2) includes percussion-igniting composition containing diazodinitrophenol, monobasic potassium styphnate, potassium salt of dinitrobenzofuroxane and inert sensibiliser; at that, ratio of weight of percussion-igniting composition to volume of percussion cap is 0.20…0.50 g/cm³.

EFFECT: increasing thermal stability of the cap and the possibility of providing stable ignition of propellant powder charges, stability of ballistic characteristics within wide temperature range from -50°C to +50°C.

2 cl, 4 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of cartridge production, namely, shock capsules-igniters (KB) of small arms cartridges.

Currently, the developers of cartridges are faced with the task of developing reliable non-rusting, heat-resistant and environmentally friendly formulations for igniter capsules.

This task is especially relevant for increasing the resource of small arms barrels, the reliability of the weapon in the temperature range from plus 50 to minus 50 ° C and obtaining stable ballistic characteristics of the shot.

At present, ammunition with KB containing explosive mercury is being produced in large quantities in Russia [1]. Having satisfactory characteristics for the reliability of ignition of propellant powder charges and ballistic characteristics, these KBs, however, in many respects did not satisfy consumers with their rusting effect and relatively low heat resistance. In addition, the economic factor has recently gained considerable importance: the high cost and scarcity of raw materials that have become overseas (mercury, antimony).

Although used in foreign and domestic ammunition, shock compounds (US) based on lead trinitroresorcinate (TNRS) [2] are non-rusting, but their heat resistance and GHS are not at all better than those of an explosive compound. In addition, TNRS contains a large amount of lead, which pollutes the environment.

Therefore, at present, the urgent task was the creation of a new heat-resistant, non-rusting, environmentally friendly composition based on non-deficient components and raw materials.

A number of foreign works and patents are known in which non-rusting compounds based on diazodinitrophenol are offered, however, an analysis of these compositions showed that they have a number of significant drawbacks.

For example, the composition of the US patent [3] contains (wt.%):

Diazodinitrophenol 40

Tetrazene 10

Manganese Dioxide 30

Glass 20

The disadvantage of this composition is the low heat resistance and low thermodynamic characteristics, which significantly affects the ballistic characteristics of the cartridges.

Currently developed non-rusting environmentally friendly domestic compounds [4] [5]:

Composition [4] contains diazodinitrophenol 20-70 wt.%, Potassium salt of azidodinitrophenol 10-30 wt.%, Tetrazene 5-15 wt.% And ceramics as an inert sensitizer 15-35 wt.%.

The presence of the potassium salt of azidodinitrophenol and tetrazene in the CS noticeably decreases the thermal stability of KV. In addition, when using this CSS, the pressure in KB increases, which leads to accelerated wear of the breech of the weapon.

The closest set of essential features and the achieved result is the impact composition [5], selected as a prototype.

This CSS contains (wt.%):

Diazodinitrophenol 15-35 Potassium salt of azidodinitrophenol 35-50 Tetrazene 3-10 Potassium permanganate 5-30 Inert Sensitizer 10-30 Synthetic Rubber Polymer 1-2.5.

This CSS was tested for sensitivity and to determine ballistic characteristics in small-caliber pistol cartridges and received satisfactory results.

The disadvantage of the prototype is its lack of stability of ballistic characteristics in calibers of more than 7.62 mm US prototype has insufficient heat resistance and during storage can decompose and lead to misfire shots.

When developing the proposed KB, the problems of the absence of a rusting effect on the barrel were solved while increasing the heat resistance of the composition, its energy, ballistic characteristics, as well as durability, relative and environmental safety.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that tetrazene and the potassium salt of diazodinitrophenol are removed from the US as non-heat-resistant components [6].

Its functions (the necessary sensitivity) in the new compositions are performed by diazodinitrophenol and the potassium salt of dinitrobenzofuroxan, which also increase the energy characteristics of KB, consisting of components, in wt.%:

Diazodinitrophenol (DDF) 15-20 monobasic potassium stifnate (OSK) 60-70 Sensitizer (sens.) 15-20 Diazodinitrophenol 18-25 Monobasic potassium stifnate 30-60 Inert Sensitizer 15-20 Potassium salt of dinitrobenzofuroxan 4-25 (KNBBF)

CSS 1 is the mass ratio of shock-igniter composition to the volume of KB 0.26 ... 0.63 g / cm ^{3 (...).} US 2 has a mass ratio of impact-ignition composition to a volume of KB 0.20 ... 0.50 g / cm ³ .

A distinctive feature of the proposed KB is the new weight composition and the new ratio of the mass of the shock-ignition composition to the volume of KB, as well as the new composition CSS 2.

According to the authors, the proposed combination meets the criterion of the level of inventive creativity, since in the aggregate it ensures the achievement of a technical result that is not a function of a particular attribute.

Tables 1-4 are attached to the description, in which:

table 1 presents the results of heat resistance of the new KB and KB prototype; table 2 - the results of ballistic tests of 7.62 × 54 mm cartridges with KB 27, equipped with regular and new CSS.

Table 3 shows the results of processing the dependence of the pressure during the shot on time P (t) obtained when firing 7.62 × 54 mm cartridges with KB 27, equipped with standard CSS, new CSS and CSS of the prototype.

Table 4 shows the performance results of the new KB with the content of the CSS in the declared ranges and the content of the CSS that differs from the declared.

The manufacturing technology of the proposed KB differs from the manufacturing technology of FAC to the standard ammunition of small arms [2]. Using known technologies, diazodinitrophenol, monobasic potassium stifnate and potassium salt of dinitrobenzofuroxan are prepared [7].

Further, all components are mixed in a mixer until a homogeneous mechanical mixture is obtained. Then the sample composition is poured into the cap KB and pressed at a specific pressure of 800-1700 kg / cm ² . In KB central battle to protect against external influences from above, the composition is covered with metal foil or a paper circle.

To confirm the receipt of higher technical characteristics of the new KB by standard methods, the heat resistance of the KB prototype and the proposed compositions was determined. From table 1 it can be seen that at a temperature of 80 ° C the CSS of the prototype breaks up after 8 days. New compositions 1 and 2 at a temperature of 80 ° C do not decompose 180 days. At the same time, new KBs provide higher and more stable shot characteristics in the temperature range from plus 50 to minus 50 ° С, which is further seen from Table 2. Table 3 shows the ignition time of the powder charge, the time to reach the maximum pressure of the powder gases and the time of the shot. From table 3 it is seen that the indicated times of the new CSS and regular CSS are close and stable. The time of the prototype's CSS is much longer than that of regular and new CSS, which will result in prolonged shots and poor ignition of the powder charge.

Changing the weight composition of the components of the new CSS, as well as the ratio of their masses to the KB volume beyond the proposed limits, will entail the receipt of unstable, unsatisfactory requirements for the ballistic characteristics of shots, as well as unsatisfactory characteristics for shock sensitivity, as can be seen from Table 4.

Thus, the proposed CSS for KB for small arms cartridges is justified and meets new increased requirements for CSS. Achievable technical result is a significant increase in heat resistance in comparison with the well-known standard CSS, ensuring stable ignition of the powder charge, obtaining stable ballistic characteristics and environmental safety.

Information sources:

1. A.G. Gorot, “Gunpowder and explosives”, M., Oborongiz, 1949, p. 127.

2. P.P. Karpov, “Means of initiation,” Moscow, 1949, p. 128.

3. US patent No. 4675059, NKI.

4. RF patent No. 2086523.

5. RF patent No. 2269503.

6. "Development of non-rusting heat-resistant percussion compositions for sports and hunting cartridges." Scientific and technical report TSNIITOCHMASH and RCTU them. D.I. Mendeleev, Klimovsk, 1999, p. 88.

7. LI Bagal “Chemistry and technology of initiating explosives”, Moscow, 1975, p. 456.

Table 1 Name KB Holding temperature, ° С The exposure time, days The number of misfires from the upper limit of the copra,% The number of misfires during the shot,% KB1 80 180 0 0 KB2 80 180 0 0 KB prototype 80 8 one hundred one hundred

table 2 Name KB Charge temperature 20 ° C 50 ° C minus 50 ° C V _25cp , m / s Δ V ₂₅ , m / s P _ms, kgf / cm ² V _{25 cp} , m / s ΔV ₂₅ , m / s P _ms kgf / cm ² V _25cp , m / s ΔV ₂₅ , m / s P _{m cf.} kgf / cm ² KB1 864 10 2800 877 8 2840 815 21 2246 KB2 871 12 2811 883 9 2865 819 22 2339 KB regular 867 26 2774 881 17 2945 885 32 2335

Table 3 Name KB τ delay, ms τ to P _m , ms τ shot, ms KB1 0.222 1,054 1,948 KB2 0.302 1,342 2,071 KB prototype 7,241 12,637 13,490 KB regular 0.362 1,168 2,094

Table 4 Name KB The content of components,% . ^. ., g / cm ³ 10 pcs. Of test shots Ddf USC Sens. KNBF assessment Performance stability KB1 19 64 17 0.45 UD All indicators shot beats. KB1 19 64 17 0.22 unfortunate 3 misfires, 4 long shots KB2 19 60 17 four 0.42 UD All indicators shot beats. KB2 19 60 17 four 0.53 unfortunate 6 pcs. Penetration of KB; increased maximum pressure.

Claims (2)

1. Capsule igniter cartridge small arms, including a shock-ignition composition containing diazodinitrophenol and an inert sensitizer, characterized in that the shock-ignition composition contains a monobasic potassium styphnate in the following ratio, wt.%:
diazodinitrophenol 15-20 monobasic potassium stifnate 60-70 inert sensitizer 15-20,
the ratio of the mass of the shock-igniter composition to the volume of the igniter capsule is 0.26 ... 0.63 g / cm ³ . 2. Capsule igniter cartridge small arms, including a shock-ignition composition containing diazodinitrophenol and an inert sensitizer, characterized in that the shock-ignition composition contains a monobasic potassium styphnate and potassium salt of dinitrobenzfuroxan with the following components, wt.%:
diazodinitrophenol 18-25 monobasic potassium stifnate 30-50 inert sensitizer 15-20 dinitrobenzofuroxan potassium salt 4-25,
the ratio of the mass of the shock-igniter composition to the volume of the igniter capsule is 0.20 ... 0.50 g / cm ³ .