RU2384049C1 - Device for subsoil irrigation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to melioration and can be used for irrigation of gardens, hothouse and other agricultural plants. As moistener they use metal-plastic pipe with openings in its lower part coated with filter and with dead cone tip at the end. Metal plastic tube is installed vertically in the area of root habitable mass of plant and serves as a support stand, to which plant stem is attached. Water from it arrives from droppers, which are fixed on flexible water hose.

EFFECT: technical solution makes it possible to reduce water consumption for irrigation as a result of lower water losses for evaporation, to easily create a favourable air, heat and moisture condition of soil.

3 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to land reclamation and can be used for irrigation of gardens, greenhouse and other crops

A device for subsoil irrigation [1] is known, in which the subsoil irrigator is laid on a film of the shape of a gutter shape. The disadvantage of this technical solution are:

- high water consumption;

- relative high cost due to the greater consumption of material.

The closest technical solution is a device for subsoil irrigation [2], in which the subsoil irrigator is placed in a trough-like trench, in the head of which there is a device for automatically maintaining the level. The disadvantage of this technical solution is:

- the complexity of the design and the need for careful planning of the irrigation site;

- in environmental terms, the decision is not entirely favorable due to the use of a large amount of polymer film;

- relative high cost.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of irrigation and reduce water consumption.

This goal is achieved by the fact that holes are drilled in the perforated lower part of the metal-plastic tube, the number of which depends on the water permeability of the soil, so that the lower the permeability of the soil, the more holes are needed. The height of the part at which the holes are drilled can be 10-30 cm. The entire drilled part of the tube is wrapped with a filter to ensure that soil does not enter the tube and silts it. Next, the metal-plastic tube is pressed into the soil next to the plant. To reduce the resistance when pressing a metal-plastic tube, it has a conical tip. Water in the metal-plastic tube comes from droppers that are mounted on a flexible water hose, and from the holes seeps into the soil, moistening the root system of the plant. The metal-plastic tube is installed vertically and the plant is tied to it with a rope so that it serves as a support stand.

Such an irrigation device allows to reduce water consumption for irrigation in connection with a decrease in water loss by evaporation. A crust does not form on the surface of the soil, which improves the conditions for air to enter the root mass.

The exit of water from the tube can be considered as the outflow from many small holes under the influence of hydrostatic pressure of water h. When water comes out of the openings, the filter and the adjacent soil of the soil create resistance to free flow. This resistance can be taken into account by the drag coefficient μ and determined experimentally. With free flow from the hole, this coefficient µ is taken 0.6-0.62. In our case, it is necessary to consider free filtration, for example, it is not supposed that water will reach the stopper with the subsequent rise in the water level in the soil.

The amount of water V that must be supplied to the plant in one irrigation is called the irrigation norm of the plant and depends on the type of plant. The irrigation rate of the plant can be determined by the formula

V = q · t = n · q ₀ · t, where

q is the flow rate of water necessary to ensure irrigation norms; n is the number of holes; q _Q is the flow rate of water flowing from one hole; t is the watering time.

The length of the tube N depends on the hydrostatic pressure h necessary to ensure the release and filtration of water into the soil

; q - расход воды, необходимой для обеспечения оросительной нормы; µ - коэффициент расхода, определяемый экспериментальным методом, зависит от водопроницаемости грунта, µ=0,1-0,001; n - количество отверстий; F_отв - площадь отверстия; b - высота просверленной части, b=0,05-0,3 м; а - конструктивный запас, а=0,03-0,05 м.where q ₀ is the flow rate of water flowing from one hole,

; q is the flow rate of water necessary to ensure irrigation norms; µ - flow coefficient determined by the experimental method, depends on the water permeability of the soil, µ = 0.1-0.001; n is the number of holes; F _resp - hole area; b - the height of the drilled part, b = 0.05-0.3 m; a - structural reserve, a = 0.03-0.05 m.

The flow coefficient is established experimentally and can be selected according to the table.

Type of soil Sand Sandy loam Loam µ flow rate 0.1-0.05 0.05-0.01 0.01-0.001

At the bottom of the metal-plastic tube, a sump with a height of c may be provided, and the length of the tube N will be determined by the formula

where c is the height of the sump, c = 0.05-0.15 m.

The sump is designed to sediment the filtered soil through filters. This is especially true for fine-grained soils.

Figure 1 shows a device for subsoil irrigation; figure 2 - node a in figure 1; figure 3 - node a in figure 1 with a sump.

The perforated metal-plastic tube 1 is pressed into the soil 2 next to the plant 3. To reduce the resistance when the metal-plastic tube 1 is pressed in, it has a tip 4, and the lower part has holes 5. The holes 5 are protected from the outside by a filter 6. Water flows into the metal-plastic tube 1 through a flexible a water hose 7 from droppers 8, then seeps out of the holes 5 and moistens the root system 9 of the plant 3. A plant 3 is attached to the plastic pipe 1 by a rope 10. At the bottom of the plastic pipe 1 is provided sedimentation tank 11.

A device for subsoil irrigation is constructed and operates as follows. Holes 5 are drilled in the perforated lower part of the metal-plastic tube 1, the number of which n depends on the water permeability of the soil 2, so the lower the water permeability of the soil, the more holes 5 are needed. The height of the part on which the holes 5 are drilled can be 10-30 cm. The entire drilled part of the metal-plastic tube 1 is wrapped with a filter 6 to ensure that soil does not enter the metal-plastic tube 1 and silt it. Next, the metal-plastic tube 1 is pressed into the soil 2 next to the plant 3 (figure 1). To reduce the resistance when pushing the metal-plastic tube 1, it has a conical tip 4. The conical tip 4 can be removed and, if necessary, when reusable, clean the interior of the metal-plastic tube 1. Water in the metal-plastic tube 1 comes from droppers 8, which are mounted on a flexible plumbing hose 7, and from the holes 5 seeps into the soil 2, moistening the root system 9 of the plant 3. The metal-plastic tube 1 is installed vertically and the plant 3 is attached to it Coy 10 so that it serves as a support post.

The exit of water from the metal-plastic tube 1 can be considered as the outflow from many small holes 5 under the influence of hydrostatic pressure of water h. When water leaves the holes 5, the filter 6 and the adjacent soil of soil 2 create resistance to free flow. This resistance can be taken into account by the drag coefficient μ and determined experimentally. With free flow from the hole 5 (figure 2), this coefficient µ is taken 0.6-0.62. In our case, it is necessary to consider free filtration, for example, it is not supposed that water will reach the stopper with the subsequent rise in the water level in the soil 2.

The amount of water V that must be supplied to plant 3 in one irrigation is called the irrigation norm of the plant and depends on the type of plant 3. The irrigation rate for the plant can be determined by the formula

V = q · t = n · q ₀ · t,

where q is the flow rate of water necessary to ensure irrigation rates; n is the number of holes; q ₀ is the flow rate of water flowing from one hole; t is the watering time.

The length of the tube N depends on the hydrostatic pressure h necessary to ensure the release and filtration of water into the soil

; q - расход воды, необходимой для обеспечения поливной нормы; µ - коэффициент расхода, определяемый экспериментальным методом, он зависит от водопроницаемости грунта, µ=0,1-0,001; n - количество отверстий; F_отв - площадь отверстия; b - высота просверленной части, b=0,05-0,3 м; а - конструктивный запас, а=0,03-0,05 м.where q ₀ is the flow rate of water flowing from one hole,

; q is the flow rate of water necessary to ensure irrigation rates; µ - flow coefficient determined by the experimental method, it depends on the water permeability of the soil, µ = 0.1-0.001; n is the number of holes; F _resp - hole area; b - the height of the drilled part, b = 0.05-0.3 m; a - structural reserve, a = 0.03-0.05 m.

At the bottom of the metal-plastic tube 1, a sump 11 (FIG. 3) with a height of c may be provided, and the length of the tube H will be determined by the formula

where c is the height of the sump, c = 0.05-0.15 m.

This technical solution allows to reduce the flow of water for irrigation in connection with the reduction of water loss by evaporation. A crust does not form on the surface of the soil, which improves the conditions for air to enter the root mass. The greatest effect can be achieved in permeable soils.

The proposed technical solution is easy to create favorable air, thermal and moisture conditions of the soil.

Used sources

1. Grigorov M.S. Intrasoil irrigation. M: Kolos, 1983, p.25 (Analog).

2. AC 1501983 USSR, MKI A01G 25/06. Subsoil irrigation device. P.M. Stepanov, O.E. Yasonidi, Z.G. Lamerdonov. Claim 05/11/86. Publ. 08/23/89. Bull. No. 31 (Prototype).

Claims (3)

1. A device for subsoil irrigation, including a perforated humidifier, characterized in that as a humidifier use a metal-plastic tube with holes in its lower part, covered with a filter, and with a deaf conical tip at the end, while the metal-plastic tube is installed vertically in place of the root mass of the plant and serves as a support stand, to which the trunk of the plant is attached, water enters into it from droppers that are mounted on a flexible water hose. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the length of the tube N depends on the hydrostatic pressure h necessary to ensure the exit and filtration of water into the soil

,
where q ₀ - water flow flowing from one hole,

; q - water flow rate necessary to ensure irrigation rate; µ is the flow coefficient determined by the experimental method and depends on the water permeability of the soil, µ = 0.1 ÷ 0.001; n is the number of holes; F _resp - hole area; b is the height of the drilled part, b = 0.05 ÷ 0.3 m; a - structural reserve, a = 0.03 ÷ 0.05 m. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that at the bottom of the plastic tube there is a sump with a height of c, and the length of the tube N is determined by the formula

,
where c is the height of the sump, c = 0.05 ÷ 0.15 m.

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