JP6006182B2 - Water supply device for cultivation tank - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a water supply device for a cultivation tank for stably securing water supply to a cultivation tank when a plant is cultivated by hydroponics or soil irrigation cultivation over a long period of time.

Conventionally, various water supply devices and methods have been proposed for the cultivation tank, but measures to prevent clogging of the water supply / drainage system inside the cultivation tank and stable water supply according to the type and situation of the plant to be vegetated. Ensuring quantity is a big problem. When it is required to grow extensively and continue cultivation for a long period of time, such as greening using perennial plants, the liquid fertilizer produced by expanding the roots of the plant or clogging the water supply and drainage holes with dust etc. Circulation inhibition is the biggest challenge, and the reality is that many of the greening systems aimed at automatic hydroponics and soil irrigation cultivation have caused problems within one to two years.

Such an actual situation is due to the fact that a water supply apparatus suitable for the type of plant to be vegetated and the purpose of cultivation is not provided. That is, for example, if you consider using an evergreen climbing plant for rooftop greening or wall planting to ensure a healthy greening state for several years, the plant's vine and leaf growth during this period As the roots grow and expand in proportion to the size of the plant, the gaps between fillings such as pumice in the cultivation tank are filled, and if there is a gap in the water supply and drainage system installed in the cultivation tank, the root hairs always invade. Eventually, the situation is that water supply and / or drainage will be shut off. If you can check and clean the cultivation tank every short period of time, such as crops that are harvested within a year, this is not a problem, but as mentioned above, when you want to plant trees that require stable growth over a long period of time. Therefore, water supply and drainage obstruction becomes a fatal problem.

In general, the plant cultivation system with liquid fertilizer circulation consists of the liquid fertilizer pumped up by the circulation pump to one end of the cultivation tank with a water supply pipe, and the rest of the liquid fertilizer absorbed by the vegetation along the gap between the fillings such as pumice. It is collected at the other end of the cultivation tank, returned to the liquid fertilizer tank through the drainage pipe, and circulated. However, in order to supply a stable liquid fertilizer, the filter mechanism installed in the water supply and drainage system has been devised. (For example, refer to Patent Document 1). In addition, there is a case where excess water is supplied to the root of the plant from the upper part of the cultivation tank by drip or watering method, collected by a drain pipe, returned to the liquid fertilizer tank and circulated as supply water again. (For example, refer to Patent Document 2).

In patent document 1 Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 2004-298140, it is set as the structure which inserts the sheath pipe | tube which provided the water supply hole in the through-hole for water supply pipes installed in the cultivation tank bottom part, or the water supply part of a cultivation tank bottom part with porous foam polystyrene etc. Ingenuity has been made such as isolating the roots of plants. In patent document 2 Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 2011-139673, although the drain outlet for discharging | emitting the culture solution of a cultivation apparatus is installed in the bottom plate of a cultivation tank, drainage capacity falls by the penetration | invasion of the root to a drain outlet, An intrusion suppression member is attached so that the water supply does not overflow. However, in either case, it is difficult to solve the fundamental problem against persistent root hair invasion. The water supply device according to the present invention connects all the water pipe systems from water supply to drainage inside the cultivation tank, forms a continuous water supply / drainage route inside the cultivation tank, and further prevents root invasion and has excellent water permeability. Since the water pipe system is packed, the water level inside the cultivation tank can be kept constant, and therefore, it differs greatly from any of these prior literatures in terms of configuration, function, and effect.

JP 2004-298140 A JP 2011-139673 A

In the conventional cultivation tanks described above, there are few problems in short-term cultivation, but when perennial plants are cultivated continuously for several years, the roots of the plants are in the limited volume of the cultivation tank. In some cases, there was almost no gap between the filling materials such as pumice in a relatively short time such as 1 to 2 years. This problem becomes more pronounced as vegetation grows better.

If the plant roots expand further, the circulation of liquid fertilizer between the water inlet and drain will be interrupted, and the liquid fertilizer will overflow near the water inlet, so that the water supply will not spread sufficiently and part of the root or its Most of the plants that withered, once grown, try to adjust to the root state spontaneously by dropping the leaves, but there is a risk of decisive problems such as loss of balance and eventually death. It was.

In addition, in the drip and watering methods, water is supplied only to the part where the water is falling, so if the plant expands its roots, the stem grows, and the leaves grow, especially in the midsummer sun. In the summer when the direct exposure becomes severe, in the summer of the 2nd to 3rd years, although the supply of water equivalent to the amount of transpiration to cool itself is not in time, the first year was able to grow smoothly. Had problems of dropping leaves and withering.

The present invention solves the problem that the structure of the water supply device to such a conventional cultivation tank had, and while maintaining the liquid fertilizer circulation in a good state at all times, the situation that some kind of liquid fertilizer circulation was inhibited should arise. Even in such cases, the inside of the liquid fertilizer circulation passage in the cultivation tank can be inspected with a fiberscope or the like, and the structure can be easily cleaned while keeping the plant healthy. It is the purpose.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention has a water pipe system for liquid fertilizer circulation, that is, a structure in which a water supply port, a water conduit, and a drain port in the cultivation tank are connected, and the roots of the cultivated plant are expanded by long-term growth. In addition, even when contamination is caused by organic matter or the like due to powdering due to deterioration of the filling of the cultivation tank or metabolism of the tip of the root hair, the structure is such that the circulation of liquid fertilizer is not hindered.

The first problem-solving means of the present invention includes a small water passage hole or slit for allowing liquid fertilizer to enter and exit as appropriate near the bottom surface of a water conduit installed inside the cultivation tank. One of the conduits is connected to the water supply port of the cultivation tank, and the other is connected to the drainage port of the cultivation tank to supply liquid fertilizer into the cultivation tank, and the drainage port attached to a position lower than the water supply port The structure is devised so that the surplus liquid manure can be returned to the drain pipe while keeping the liquid level of the liquid manure constant.

In addition, the second problem solving means is that the water guide pipe installed at the bottom of the cultivation tank is made of a material that has good water permeability and can prevent entry of plant roots, for example, insect repellent nets and non-woven fabrics with a small mesh of about 30 mesh, or A sponge sheet or the like is covered with a sheet that can permeate water but prevent entry of root hairs, and has a structure that maintains a good supply of liquid fertilizer while preventing entry of roots for many years.

In addition, considering the use of filling powder such as pumice, plant residue left over by metabolism of bark and root hair, or surplus fertilizer due to long-term use, high pressure from the water supply pipe By injecting water, it has a structure that can be washed in the conduit and cultivation tank. This is possible because the water supply port, the water conduit, and the drain port are connected.

The operation of the first problem solving means is as follows. When perennial plants are cultivated in the same cultivation tank for several years, the roots in the cultivation tank are expanded in proportion to the growth of the stems and leaves, and the cultivation tank becomes full, eventually impairing the circulation of liquid fertilizer. It is clear that the situation will come. For this reason, by connecting the liquid fertilizer circulation system of the water supply port, drain port and water conduit inside the cultivation tank and covering the entire water pipe system inside the cultivation tank with a sheet without gaps, the structure prevents root intrusion, In any case, circulation of liquid fertilizer in the cultivation tank can be secured. In addition, a small water passage hole or slit is provided near the bottom of the conduit to allow liquid fertilizer to enter and exit as appropriate, so that water is ejected near the water inlet of the conduit and excess liquid fertilizer is absorbed near the drain. Therefore, it is possible to supply liquid fertilizer stably and ensure an appropriate water level at the same time for a long time.

The operation of the second problem solving means will be described as follows. That is, by covering the water conduit, water inlet, drain outlet installed at the bottom of the cultivation tank with a material that has good water permeability and can prevent the root invasion of the plant, while preventing the root invasion for many years, Liquid fertilizer can pass freely. The water level in the cultivation tank is determined by the height at which the drainage is installed, and small deposits at the bottom of the cultivation tank are collected in the liquid fertilizer tank in the normal process of liquid fertilizer circulation. There may be cases where the circulation of the liquid fertilizer is hindered by clogging of the filter covering the conduit. Even in such a case, in the present invention, by injecting high-pressure water from the water supply pipe, it is structured such that water can be ejected vigorously from the water conduit and the inside of the cultivation tank can be washed. The circulation of liquid fertilizer can be easily restored without damaging it.

As described above, according to the water supply device for a cultivation tank according to the present invention, liquid fertilization by narrowing the path of liquid fertilization accompanying root expansion when growing plants over a long period in a limited space in hydroponics etc. It becomes possible to fundamentally solve the circulatory disturbance, and it is possible to realize roof greening, wall greening or veranda greening with a simple structure and high reliability.

In addition, when the water supply amount is set to a large value near the outlet of the conduit, the water level of the supplied liquid fertilizer gradually increases and temporarily becomes higher than the installation height of the outlet. However, when it rises to a predetermined water level, it is drained at a stretch by the siphon effect. At this time, since the liquid fertilizer and air are mixed and returned to the drain pipe, the oxygen concentration in the liquid fertilizer is increased, which has an effect of promoting good growth of the plant.

Depending on the location of the greening system, the length of the drain pipe and the height difference between the cultivation tank and the liquid fertilizer tank are problems, and air is trapped in a part of the drain pipe, resulting in a non-uniform drainage flow. Sometimes it becomes. In this case, since the water level inside the cultivation tank rises too much and the liquid fertilizer overflows from the cultivation tank, an intake tower is installed at the top of the drainage outlet just inside or outside the cultivation tank. By inhaling the water, smooth water supply and drainage can be realized.

It is important to supply water without excessive or insufficient while considering the energy saving effect so as to adapt to the overgrowth of plants. When hydroponics and soil cultivation are irrigated, continuous liquid fertilizer circulation can be used. Of course, it is also possible to perform intermittent operation. It is also possible to install a humidity sensor or the like on the surface or inside of the cultivation tank to stop the water supply operation depending on the dryness.

It is the schematic of the tree planting system which shows one Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing inside the cultivation tank which shows embodiment of this invention. It is A-A 'sectional drawing of the cultivation tank shown in FIG.

The cultivation tank water supply device of the present invention, for example, when plants are continuously cultivated without being replanted for several years, no matter how much the roots of the plants expand, it interferes with water supply and drainage to the cultivation tank. How to achieve the best water supply form that does not come and configure a water pipe system with a water guide pipe connecting the water supply pipe and the drain pipe at the bottom of the cultivation tank, while maintaining the balance between water supply and drainage Even when the roots of the plant are expanded, it is possible to supply water to the details of the roots without excess or deficiency.

There are various devices and water supply methods for water supply to the cultivation tank. However, when rooftop planting, wall planting, or veranda planting is carried out on perennial vines, the more the plant grows, the more it progresses. Of course, we face the problems of water supply / drainage inhibition and water supply optimization according to the degree of plant growth. Although the water supply apparatus of the present invention has a simple structure, it has been proved that stable water supply is possible for a long period of many years, and it can be applied to both the case where the plant cultivation method is hydroponics and soil irrigation cultivation.

In the present invention, the liquid fertilizer pumped up from the liquid fertilizer tank is injected by a water supply pipe into a water supply port installed at one end of the cultivation tank, and an appropriate amount of liquid fertilizer is passed through the water conduit to every corner of the cultivation tank. The surplus liquid fertilizer is led from the drain outlet installed at the other end of the cultivation tank to the drain pipe and returned to the liquid fertilizer tank. In this case, the installation position of the water supply port is about half the position from the bottom of the cultivation tank height, and the installation position of the drainage port is about a third of the position from the bottom of the cultivation tank height. The cultivation tank itself is also installed with a gradient of about 1/100, but it is desirable to set the drain outlet slightly lower than the water supply inlet in order to make the flow of liquid fertilizer smoother.

There are a lot of water holes on the inside of the cultivation tank of the water conduit and the water supply and drain ports, but the number of holes is not uniform, the drainage side is arranged more than the water supply side, and the hole diameter is also The drainage side is enlarged. Thereby, the water supply spouted from the water conduit can maintain the water level in the cultivation tank at an appropriate position. It is desirable to fill the inside of the cultivation tank with a porous and air-permeable filler, such as pumice, from the viewpoints of relieving root stress, air permeability, and adsorption of excess fertilizer components. In addition, it can penetrate into the filler at the upper level from the level of the water level by capillarity and give a moderate wetness to the whole surface of the cultivation tank. Give a good effect.

Furthermore, in this invention, the cross-sectional area of the drain outlet inside a cultivation tank is made larger than that of a water supply inlet, and the hole of this part is not only large in number but is enlarged one by one. By doing so, part of the water flow near the drainage outlet acts as a water supply hole and the other part acts as a drainage hole. Drainage can be kept very good even if you don't pay much attention to adjustment

In addition, use a pipe with an appropriate amount of holes in a PVC pipe or vinyl hose, etc., but in this case, use a pipe material with sufficient strength that will not be deformed by the pressure caused by the expansion of the roots later. It is desirable that the outer side is wrapped with a fine insect repelling net made of nylon or the like several times so that the roots do not enter the hole opened in the water conduit or the water supply / drainage port in any case. In addition, it is possible to supply and drain water by inserting slits in the water conduit and water supply / drain port, and as a member to prevent root intrusion, appropriate thickness of urethane etc. will not cause gaps It is also possible to wrap around.

In the unlikely event that there is an abnormality in the water flow condition of the water conduit due to long-term use, the water inlet and drain may be removable so that the fiber can be easily inspected and cleaned. . Moreover, when dirt, such as a water conduit or a drain outlet, arises, you may wash | clean by injecting high pressure water from a water supply pipe. Furthermore, a water stop valve is provided in the middle of the drain pipe, the drain valve is opened, the water stop valve is tightened, and if high pressure water is injected into the water supply pipe, the water will spout out from the water guide pipe. It is also possible to clean.

Of course, it is possible to use a commercially available irrigation hose for the water conduit, but it should have sufficient consideration for clogging from the inside of the hose due to dust, sufficient ability to adjust the amount of water supply, and durability. Is desirable.

The present invention will be described more specifically with reference to the illustrated examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

FIG. 1: shows the example of implementation at the time of implementing greening by a vine plant using the water supply apparatus of this cultivation tank, and is the schematic of the whole greening system. A vine plant 16 is vegetated in the cultivation tank 1, and the liquid fertilizer in the liquid fertilizer tank 4 pumped by the water supply pump 5 passes through the water supply pipe 2 and is installed at the bottom of the cultivation tank from the water supply port 6. The water is discharged to the inside of the cultivation tank 1. The surplus liquid manure passing through the water conduit 10 and the liquid fertilizer ejected to a level above a certain water level inside the cultivation tank 1 are returned to the liquid fertilizer tank 4 by the drain pipe 3 via the drain port 7.

The liquid fertilizer is circulated so that the liquid fertilizer can be supplied to the vegetation stably and without excess or shortage, but taking into account the season by the timer built into the control device 14 Up to now, the optimal amount of water can be supplied for both hydroponics and soil irrigation, such as intermittent operation and water supply adjustment by a sensor that senses the dryness of the surface of the pumice 19 filled in the cultivation tank 1 This is one of the features that are not available, and the details will be described below focusing on the mechanism inside the cultivation tank 1. The drain water stop valve 15 is for injecting high-pressure water from the water supply pipe 2 with the drain pipe 3 closed and the drain cap 9 opened when cleaning the inside of the cultivation tank 1. .

2 and 3 show a cross section and a longitudinal section AA ′ of the cultivation tank 1, respectively. In FIG. 2, the water supply pipe 2, the water supply inlet 6, the water conduit 10, the drain outlet 7, and the drain pipe 3. Are all connected. The liquid fertilizer that has passed through the water supply port 6 weakens the water pressure as it approaches the drain port 7 while being ejected from the water passage hole 17 of the water conduit 10. In FIG. 2, elbows are used to connect the water supply port 6, the drain port 7 and the water conduit 10. However, even if the water conduit 10 is heated and connected so as to be appropriately bent. Alternatively, a connecting portion may be provided at any part of the water conduit 10 so that the water pipe system can be easily assembled and disassembled. .

A water supply / drain hole 13 is opened on the inside of the cultivation tank of the drain outlet 7. When the water level inside the cultivation tank 1 is low, the water level is blown out from the hole as the water supply, and the water level is higher than the upper part of the drain opening 7. In the case, it has the function of sucking through the hole together with the air in the pumice gap and draining at once. This is due to the difference in the number and arrangement of the holes and the size of the holes 17 between the holes 17 opened in the water conduit 10 and the drain holes 7 and the difference in water pressure due to the difference in water level. This is a function that

Although not shown, by installing an intake tower that is slightly higher than the top of the cultivation tank 1 near the top of the drain port 7, the drain port and the liquid fertilizer tank It is possible to prevent the uneven flow of drainage that occurs when there is little difference in height. The intake tower may be installed on either the inside or outside of the cultivation tank 1 as long as it is the top of the drainage port 7, but in the case of installation on the inside of the cultivation tank, an opening is provided at the root of the intake tower, and the intake tower In order to prevent the root of the plant from entering from this part, the root hair intrusion prevention measures should be taken.

As shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the fine nylon insect repellent net 11 of about 30 mesh is not formed in the PVC pipe at least once in the water supply port 6, the water conduit 10 and the drain port 7 in the cultivation tank 1. Further, urethane is wound on the outer side so as not to cause a gap more than once. And these are firmly fixed with an adhesive, a winding string, etc. so that they may not be separated from each other. These pipe materials are not limited to PVC pipes, but are not limited to insect repellent nets and urethane to prevent root intrusion, and water pipe system packaging may be either one depending on circumstances. You can just do that. These components may be any material that can prevent crushing of the water channel due to the expansion of the root and intrusion of the root into the water passage hole.

The water supply / drainage pipe system inside the cultivation tank 1 is designed to have a drainage capacity higher than the water supply capacity in addition to being connected, so that the water supply does not overflow, but the cultivation tank 1 is, for example, 4 m or more In the case of a long one, the facility is always provided with a gradient of about 1/100, so that drainage can be performed more smoothly.

Of course, it is possible to use an irrigation hose or the like as a substitute for the water conduit 10, the insect screen 11 and the urethane 12. However, the type that oozes out of the pipe is suitable for long-term use such as dust and waste due to the circulation of liquid fertilizer. Many of these cannot withstand clogging, so they are not used here, but they do not necessarily have to be the same as in this embodiment.

When perennial plants are cultivated continuously for several years, the roots of the plants fill the limited volume of the cultivation tank, and there are almost no gaps in the filling such as pumice in a relatively short time such as 1-2 years. Although the water supply and drainage may be hindered, the water supply device for the cultivation tank according to the present invention enables stable growth over a long period of time despite the simple structure and low cost. . By using this device, it is possible to easily cultivate flowering plants that color everyday life, as well as rooftop greening, wall surface greening or veranda greening, so energy saving, improvement of the heat island phenomenon, improvement of the cityscape, It can be said that the effect such as a healing effect is extremely large.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Cultivation tank, 2 ... Water supply pipe, 3 ... Drainage pipe, 4 ... Liquid fertilizer tank, 5 ... Water supply pump, 6 ... Water supply port, 7 ... Drainage port, 8 ... Drain, 9 ... Drain Cap: 10 ... Water guide pipe, 11 ... Insect repellent net, 12 ... Urethane, 13 ... Supply / drain hole, 14 ... Control device, 15 ... Drain pipe water stop valve, 16 ... Plants, 17 ... water supply holes, 18 ... roots, 19 ... filler (pumice)

Claims (2)

Content of Claim 1
A water conduit having a large number of holes is arranged at the bottom of a cultivation tank for growing plants, and the water conduit is connected to a water supply port attached to one end of the cultivation tank and a drain outlet attached to the other end. In a cultivation tank with a structure connected in a letter shape, an intake tower is set near the top of the drainage outlet of the water pipe system so that the opening at the tip exceeds the top of the cultivation tank. It is mixed with the liquid fertilizer circulating through the water pipe system, and the excess liquid fertilizer in the cultivation tank is sucked from the hole provided near the drain outlet, enabling smooth circulation of the liquid fertilizer. Water supply device. Content of Claim 2
In the water conduit of the cultivation tank, the holes provided in the vicinity of the water outlet are arranged with a larger number of holes having a larger diameter than the holes provided in the vicinity of the water inlet, and the drainage capacity exceeds the water supply capacity. It is set as the structure of the water pipe system in the cultivation tank which can install a mouth in the position lower than a water supply port, and can keep the water level level in a cultivation tank constant, The cultivation tank of Claim 1 characterized by the above-mentioned. Water supply device.