RU2383127C1 - Device and method for intense growth of plants - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention is related to agriculture and may be used to obtain ultrahigh harvests in industrial scale, and also in farming enterprises. Device is proposed, comprising three components (cultivation pipe, perforated capsule for root portion of plant and non-perforated through capsule for local section of stem), which significantly improves resources for intense hydroponic growth of plants. Cultivation pipe (column) is arranged as preferably octagonal with the possibility to accommodate perforated capsules for root part of plant in its walls. Capsules strongly and tightly fix plants in pipe wall and improve resources for more intense adoption of nutrient solution by plant. Method peculiarities consist in the fact that perforated capsule on root and near-root sections of plant assists in development of strong root system, which provides for sufficient level of plant nutrition in process of intense fruitification.

EFFECT: additional (non-perforated and through) capsule, which is imposed over plant stem, even more assists in sufficient nutrition of plants in period of intense consumption of nutrient substances for development of fruit.

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used to obtain very high yields on an industrial scale, as well as in farming.

Known devices and methods for industrial cultivation of plants in intensive mode. In Eurasian patent No. 005544 "Method and system for growing plants" (2004.12.30), for the purpose of intensifying the growth and development of plants, directional adjustment of the oxygen content in irrigation water is used.

The disadvantage of this method is the fact that almost all plants have similar critical oxygen levels in the range from 1 to 6 mg / l, which makes the adjustment system itself difficult. In a practical embodiment, an accurate implementation of the method requires thin (and expensive) diagnostic equipment to really perform control of plant growth and development in an economically viable mode, taking into account different times of the day in accordance with the period of development of the plant. But even in the most advanced version of the control analytical equipment, the economic profit from the yield increase is not high.

A known method of stimulating the cultivation of plants (for example, cucumbers, see the patent of the Russian Federation RU 2071710 (1996.07.15), where the effect is achieved by a special scheme of fertilizing the hole, including in the form of a sealed container, which gradually loses its tightness and releases prisoners in her fertilizers.

The disadvantage of the proposed method is the high complexity of the process of growing plants and a lot of work related to the preparation of soil (substrate).

A known method of intensive plant growth (for example, flowers, see RF Patent No. 2142697 (07.28.1998) A01G 9/00, A01B 79/02, A01C 21/00, A01G 29/00). The essence of the invention is to add to the well-known technological operations root crops that are installed in the wells or at a certain distance from them and capable of dosing macro-and micronutrients of plant nutrition, providing the entire set of micronutrients.

The disadvantage of this method is the high complexity and a high degree of dependence on the quality of root crops, from different manufacturers of these devices and on the different quality of chemical fertilizers in root crops that are subject to a partial change in the chemical composition during storage.

A known method of growing plants (for example, cucumber, patent of the Russian Federation 2039425 from 1991.10.10) on narrow-rack hydroponic plants. The basis of the invention is the operation of pinching the top of the plant. When caring for the plants, after the appearance of two side shoots, the top of the plant is pinched, after the appearance of one leaf on each of the side shoots, they are pinched, after which the plants are grown until two second-order shoots appear on each side shoot with the formation of three on each of them leaves and fruits, and then pinch the side shoots of the second order.

The disadvantage of this process is the high complexity of the method.

A known method of growing plants, in which plants are grown in the substrate, while water is supplied to the substrate and absorbed from the substrate by means of a suction device made in the substrate (Europatent No. 005427), and the process tubes are partially filled with air.

A common disadvantage of the known methods and devices listed is the fundamental impossibility of enhancing the nutrition of plants in accordance with the mass of the resulting fruit, which results in a not fully realized genetic ability of the plant in the stage of fruit formation and further development of the fruit. The plant starves even with plentiful nutrition, since the root system is not able to pick up the necessary amount of mineral and other growth substances from the nutrient solution or the fertilizers it offers, due to its weakness. It is on this basis that latent or explicit metabolic disturbances in the fruits appear, and their quality noticeably suffers.

These shortcomings in plant nutrition and the resulting nutrition of people are quite tolerable in the free situation of the population and the ability to quickly cover the missing elements with other vegetables and fruits. But in the conditions of prolonged isolation of people from a freely open market for products, these factors may be decisive in the appearance of health disorders and inadequate reactions to stress factors. Similarly, these causes can affect the function of individual organs (for example, the organ of vision, and even brain function).

Eliminating the causes of weakened plant nutrition, strengthening their root system is simultaneously one of the most appropriate (that is, without disturbing the internal metabolism) physiological methods of intensive plant growth.

We were not able to find printed materials that would strictly correspond to the status of the prototype, but from the above inventions, each of them affects some significant aspect of our invention.

The objective of the present invention is to develop a physiological method of intensive and super-intensive plant growth.

The goal is achieved as follows.

Plants are grown in vertical tubes (of different sections) with a free flow of nutrient medium (solutions) through many root systems of many plants. A feature and novelty of the method is that the root system of the plant and the root part of the stem are placed in a perforated capsule with porous material, and the capsule itself is placed in the pipe wall at the required angle of inclination. The plant is placed on a lodgement that limits the lateral displacements of the stem and its sharp bends when exiting the pipe.

Such formation of plant growth conditions leads to the appearance of a powerfully developed root system almost throughout the entire portion of the stem enclosed in the capsule.

Plants with such capsules around the basal zone can also be planted in ordinary soil on beds. Plant growth and development improves, they are less sick, bear fruit better, and powerfully make up for the lack of nutrients from the soil during fruiting periods (of course, if the soil contains the necessary nutrients in abundance).

Such a capsule on the root and root sections of the stem noticeably increases the stability of the stem and roots with various kinds of amplifications and weakening of the solution supply to the pipe (tower) - a bed, for example, during emergency repairs or damage to pumps in the main network. The capsule also creates more comfortable conditions for the stem located inside the tower wall. The capsule together with the lodgement protects the plants during sharp wind loads.

Another feature of the method is that, as the plant (for example, tomato plant) grows and develops, on the outer part of the stem, at the site of thickening (knot) formation, external capsules are applied with porous material that surround the plant and provide access to the nutrient solution entering through a thin tube into the capsule.

The method in the proposed embodiment includes the following operations:

- preparation of a nutrient solution for the solution supply line to plants;

- pre-growing seedlings to the required size of the stem, allowing the conclusion of the plant in a perforated capsule;

- enclosing the plant in a capsule and placing it inside the wall of the tower-beds in compliance with the required level of tightness;

- organization of the required level of flow of the nutrient solution through the pipe-bed;

- control over the flow of the nutrient solution through the pipe-bed and collecting it for reuse;

- the imposition of external (non-perforated) capsules on the nodes of the stem and the organization of the proper level of flow of the nutrient solution through the outer capsule;

- periodic monitoring of the development of plants and the composition of the nutrient solution with the timely introduction of adjustments to the composition of the nutrient solution;

- selective harvesting of fruits;

- transfer, if necessary, of the external (non-perforated) capsule to another part of the stem or the application of a new capsule to a powerful stem with high fruit formation.

In a brief embodiment, the new method can be characterized as follows.

A method of intensive plant growth, including sufficient supply of nutrients, characterized in that in order to create opportunities for the development of a powerful root system and optimize metabolism in the plant, the root system and the root part of the plant stem are enclosed in a perforated capsule with a porous material that provides a large contact surface a nutrient solution with a root system and growing additional roots, while on the external stems of the plant, for example, in the place of mation nodes impose additional capsule feeding nutrient solution to this part of the stem; at the same time, using the capsule on the root system and the root part of the stem, the plants are fastened in vertical beds, for example, in a cultivation tube with a flow of nutrient medium or aerosol movement of the nutrient solution.

The known device for growing plants (RF patent No. 2040885), representing a cartridge for growing plants, contains pots mounted on stands, interconnected by means of movable jumpers.

The disadvantage of the invention is the inability to create conditions for the full realization of the genetic potential of the plant, for example, in the phase of fruit formation.

A device for growing plants is known (RF patent No. 2056728), which is a cassette that allows to increase the density of planting seedlings and thereby increase the productivity of the greenhouse.

The disadvantage of the invention is the inability to create conditions for the full realization of the genetic potential of the plant, for example, in the process of fruit formation.

A device for growing plants is known (Europatent No. 005427). The invention comprises a device for absorbing liquid and air locking, which is integrated as a whole into a system for growing plants and which forms part of a tube system that uses a cavity partially filled with liquid and partially filled with air to provide controlled release of liquid from the substrate. A device for absorbing liquid and air locking, mainly made in the form of a suction device, for example, in the form of a tube for absorption, inserted into a substrate for growing plants. The suction device can form an air lock when the pressure in the tube system tends to draw air through it. When the pressure for sucking water into the system increases, the flow of water increases, usually up to a suction force of at least 30 cm of water.

The disadvantage of the invention is the inability to create conditions for the full realization of the genetic potential of the plant.

We did not find in the available literature a device that fully meets the requirements of the prototype, but the device according to patent 005427 can to some extent serve as a prototype.

The objective of our invention is to create a device that significantly increases the ability of plants to more intensive metabolism and increases its productivity in physiological limits due to the genetic potential of the plant.

To solve this problem, a vertical flowing pipe-bed is used, preferably an 8-sided one, made with the possibility of attaching capsules with plants on their walls-faces. Capsules are made perforated and filled with a porous material that gently compresses the root part of the plant and the limited root part of the stem, increasing the contact of the material moistened with a nutrient solution with the plant.

Another form of capsules (non-perforated) is made with the possibility of applying them to the stem of the plant, for example, in the area of the node, to improve the flow of nutrients into the plant. Non-perforated capsules are made flowing with two fittings (inlet and outlet), and the feed solution enters the inlet nozzle from the nutrient solution distribution line, and the nutrient solution flows from the outlet nozzle into the cultivation tower, for which openings are made in the tower wall strictly according to the diameter of the micropipe (for compliance with the tightness of the cultivation pipe), extending from the outlet nozzle of the capsule. In another embodiment, the same hole is made in the wall of the perforated (inner) capsule. Thus, the device consists of at least three components: a) a cultivation tube, b) an internal capsule (perforated) for the root and root parts of the plant, c) an external capsule (non-perforated) for application to the plant stem.

In a brief embodiment, the device can be characterized as follows.

A device for growing plants, including a means for placing plants in cassettes and / or capsules, characterized in that in order to create opportunities in the plant for the development of a powerful root system and optimize metabolism, at least two regulatory capsules are made, one perforated with a porous material, softly grasping the basal part of the stem and root system and creating a large surface of contact of the plant surface with the nutrient solution, the capsule being able to seal LfTetanus fastening plants in the cultivation of the pipe wall and the protection of the roots and stem of traumatic, e.g., during sudden gusts of wind; and the other capsule is made non-perforated, but also with a porous material, gently wrapping around a part of the outer stem, for example, in the area of the node, and providing a flow of nutrient solution around the local part of the stem of the plant; in addition, the device is made with lodges for a convenient and physiological location of the stem of the plant and its support during the intensive formation of fruits.

The device is shown in FIGS. 1, 2, and 3, where FIG. 1 shows a general view of a cultivation tube and one of the plant arrangement options; FIG. 2 shows a detail of an internal perforated capsule in two versions; .

Further description will be made with reference to these drawings.

A device for intensive growing of plants (Fig. 1) consists of a cultivation pipe 1 made with a sealed cover 2 with a nutrient solution supply line 3 passing through it. The fittings 4 are made on the highway for connecting external (non-perforated) capsules. The cultivation pipe rests on a pedestal 5 with a nutrient solution collecting line 6 passing through it. The outer part of the perforated capsule inside the cultivation tube is made in the form of a limiter washer 7 for better sealing of the hole in the cultivation tube, the plant 8 being kept root and root in the pipe wall while in the perforated inner capsule, and the outer part of the plant is located on the lodgement 9, made with the possibility of fixing by hooks 10 to the upper hoop 11 and with the possibility of fixed support on the lower hoop 12. The external non-perforated capsule 13 is also made with the possibility of Nost fixation on the cradle.

The perforated capsule 14 (figure 2), presented in option A and option B, is made with holes 15 of sufficient size for reliable fixation of the porous material 16 and free access of the nutrient solution to the entire length of the plant enclosed in the capsule. In addition, the capsule is made with locks 17 for reliable fastening of the detachable parts of the capsule.

The non-perforated capsule 13 (Figs. 1 and 3) is made with a supply 18 and an outlet 19 fittings (and also contains porous material 16 and a lock 17 with the possibility of encapsulating part of the stem of the plant 8).

The device operates as follows.

The pipe 1 prepared for cultivation works is checked for a free and adjustable flow of nutrient solution through line 3, capsules 14, solution receiving line 6 and a recirculation system (not shown). Then, seedlings of plants of the desired age are inserted into the capsules 14, capsules are inserted into the pipe 1, paying attention to the tight fit of the restrictor washer 7 to the wall of the pipe 1, and the plants are strengthened on lodges 9. When the plant grows further and its shoots are extended, one of the shoots is applied unperforated outer capsule 13 and organize through it the flow of the nutrient solution, using fittings 4 on the line 3 of the nutrient solution and both fittings on the capsule 13.

A method for intensive plant growth is implemented on the device described above.

The type of plant selected for cultivation is carried out through the stage of obtaining seedlings of the desired parameters. Seedlings are placed in perforated capsules 14 with a debugged (tuned) scheme of the flow of the nutrient solution through the cultivation pipe 1 and the solution regeneration system (not shown). The seedlings fixed in the wall of the cultivation tube using non-traumatic means (for example, twine) are strengthened on the lodgement 9 and grown until a long stem 8 (exceeding the length of three times the size of the planted seedlings). In a convenient (inactive from the influence of wind) place of the stem, select a site with a knot and apply an external (non-perforated) capsule 13. If there is no such site, then create it with the appropriate attachments of the plant stem to the lodgement 9. Continue to cultivate the plants, changing according to the chosen cultivation pattern nutrient solution formulation.

Information sources

1. Eurasian patent No. 005544 A01G 31/00 "Method and system for growing plants" (from 2004.12.30).

2. RF patent No. 2071710 (from 1996.07.15).

3. RF patent No. 2142697 (dated July 28, 1998) A01G 9/00, А01В 79/02, А01С 21/00, A01G 29/00).

4. RF patent No. 2039425 (from 1991.10.10).

5. Europatent No. 005427.

6. RF patent No. 2040885 A01G 31/00 "Device for adjusting the temperature in the trays of multi-tiered narrow-rack hydroponic installations" (from 02.19.1993).

Claims (2)

1. Device for intensive plant growth, including a means for placing plants in cassettes and / or capsules, characterized in that, in order to create opportunities in the plant for the development of a powerful root system and optimize metabolism, at least two regulatory capsules are made, one - perforated with porous material, gently grasping the basal part of the stem and root system and creating a large surface of contact of the plant surface with the nutrient solution, the capsule being made in the possibility of hermetically securing the plant in the wall of the cultivation pipe and protecting the roots and stem from trauma, for example, with sharp gusts of wind, and the other capsule is made non-perforated, but also with porous material, gently wrapping part of the outer stem, for example, in the area of the node, and providing a flow nutrient solution around the local area of the plant stem; in addition, the device is made with lodgements for a convenient and physiological location of the plant stem and support it during intensive fruit formation. 2. A method for intensive plant growth, including sufficient supply of nutrients, characterized in that, in order to create opportunities for the plant to have a powerful root system and optimize the metabolism in the plant, the root system and the root part of the plant stem are enclosed in a perforated capsule with porous material, providing a large surface of contact of the nutrient solution with the root system and growing additional roots, while on the external stems of the plant, for example, in m ste knot formation, impose additional capsule feeding nutrient solution to this part of the stem; in addition, with the help of a capsule on the root system and the root part of the stem, the plants are fastened in vertical beds, for example, in a cultivation tube with a flow of nutrient medium or aerosol movement of the nutrient solution.

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