RU2377424C1 - Device to force air into diesel engine cylinders - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps. ^ SUBSTANCE: invention relates to engine production, particularly to internal combustion engine feed system. Air feed device comprises pipelines, intake and exhaust valves (11, 12), and check valves (7, 50). Proposed device differs from known designs in that it incorporates pneumatic accumulator (2) with piston (4) and spring (5), assembly of ejectors (33) comprising ejectors (45, 46, 47, 48) arranged coaxially, one above the other, in subpiston space (44) of aforesaid pneumatic accumulator (2). It comprises also pipeline (24) to feed waste gases in said assembly of ejectors and assembly of valves (21) to control operation of pneumatic accumulator (2) with valve (22) that communicates pneumatic accumulator subpiston space (44) with assembly of ejectors (33) via flap valves (39, 40, 41), and with valve (25) that communicates air cleaner (1) with aforesaid subpiston space. Note that adjusting shims (49) are fitted on one end face of pneumatic accumulator spring. ^ EFFECT: efficient and reliable air feed device. ^ 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to engine building and, in particular, to the supply to the cylinders of a diesel internal combustion engine (engine) under excess pressure of purified air.

A device for supplying air to the cylinders of the engine (Mikhailovsky E.V. Device of the car. - M. Mechanical Engineering, 1981, pp. 152-153 Fig. 96, Fig. 97), containing the inlet and outlet pipes, an air cleaner inlet and outlet valves.

The disadvantage is the small mass of air entering the cylinder of the engine. at the "intake" stroke.

A device is known for supplying air to an internal combustion engine (see SU No. 715816 A1 published. 02.15.1980), using a receiver, a turbocompressor and a control mechanism to supply additional air to the combustion chamber. The disadvantages of this device are the complexity of manufacturing, the presence of rotating parts that reduce the reliability and power loss of the internal combustion engine associated with the drives of compressors and additional devices.

The aim of the invention and its technical result is the creation of an economical and reliable device for supplying air to the internal combustion engine at the “inlet” stroke, without using rotating parts to create pressure.

The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that in the device for supplying air to the cylinders of a diesel internal combustion engine, consisting of pipelines, intake and exhaust valves, and check valves, an air accumulator with a piston and a spring, an ejector block consisting of ejectors arranged coaxially one after another to create a vacuum in the under-piston space of the pneumatic accumulator, the pipeline through which the exhaust gases enter the ejector unit, and the valve device unit for controlling the operation of the pneumatic accumulator with a valve connecting the piston space of the pneumatic accumulator to the ejector block through the flap valves, and with the valve connecting the air purifier to the piston space of the pneumatic accumulator, and shims are installed on one end of the spring of the pneumatic accumulator.

Figure 1 shows the connection diagram of the pneumatic accumulator to the air purifier and the suction pipe of the power system, figure 2 shows the connection diagram of a multi-stage ejector to the exhaust pipe of the power system and the pneumatic accumulator.

The main parts of the device for supplying air to the diesel engine cylinder are: an air cleaner 1, an air accumulator 2, intended for supplying high-pressure cleaned air to a cylinder 20 of the engine, a valve unit 21, designed to control the operation of the pneumatic accumulator, an ejector unit 33, designed to create a multi-stage discharge in the under-piston space of the pneumatic accumulator 44, check valves 7 and 50, pipelines 8, 24, 26, 27, as well as inlet 9 and outlet 10 pipelines.

The pneumatic accumulator 2 contains: a piston 4, a spring 5 for creating pressure of air entering the cylinder of the engine 20 with an “inlet” stroke, stops 3 and 6 to limit the movement of the spring 5, shims 49 to change the elasticity of the spring 5, over-piston spaces 30 for the accumulation of air under pressure.

The valve device block 21 receives a drive from the camshaft of the gas distribution mechanism and comprises a valve 22 connecting the sub-piston space 44 through the pipe 23 and the pipe 24 to the ejector block 33, a valve 25 connecting the air cleaner through the pipelines 26 and 27 to the piston spaces 44 of the pneumatic accumulator, and also the rod 31 for positioning valves 22 and 25 on it.

The block of ejectors 33 contains sections 34, 35, 36, ejectors 45, 46, 47, 48, having the shape of a truncated cone and located coaxially one after another starting from the ejector 45 of a small size, the gaps 37, 38, 42 between the ends of the ejectors, flap valves 39 , 40, 41.

The device operates as follows. At the “release” stroke, the exhaust gases moving in the direction of pos. 28 in the exhaust pipe 10 enter the ejector block 33 and directly to the ejector 45 having the smallest nozzle diameter. According to the law, the exhaust gases were driven, moving under overpressure and at high speed, passing through the ejector 45, at the moment of overcoming the gap 37, air coming from the sub-piston space 44 through section 23, open valve 22 and pipe 24 will be sucked from section 34. the ejector 45 and having received additional acceleration, the exhaust gas stream passes through the ejector 46, at the outlet overcomes the gap 38, draws in air from section 35. Having received additional acceleration, the exhaust gases pass through the ejector 47, overcome the gap 42, the air is sucked from section 36, then the exhaust gases under excessive pressure and increased speed enter the silencer 32, and then, according to the index 28, into the environment.

Synchronously, due to rarefaction in the sub-piston space 44, the spring 5 is compressed, the supra-piston space 30 is filled through the non-return valve 7 with purified air coming from the air cleaner 1 until the piston 4 contacts the stops 6. From this moment, the vacuum begins to increase. piston space 44. The flap valves 39, 40, 41 will automatically begin to close (alternately), starting from section 36, where the ejector 48 is located, which has the largest nozzle diameter, since the pressure in it becomes smaller in comparison with pressure in the ejectors 47, 46, 45.

During the “intake” stroke, the piston 16 moves from the top dead center (V.M.T.) 18 to the bottom dead center (N.M.T.) 19. The inlet valve 11 is open. The valve 22, receiving the drive from the camshaft of the gas distribution mechanism, closes and the valve 25 opens. The cleaned air through line 27 from the air cleaner 1 through valve 25 and line 26 enters the sub-piston space 44, where the vacuum disappears. Check valve 7 closes. Due to the force of the spring 5, air flows from the above-piston space 30 into the pipe 8, the non-return valve 50, in the direction 29, into the intake pipe 9 by the air intake valve, valve 11, the combustion chamber 14 and the cylinder working volume until the piston 16 will not reach N.M.T. 19.

At the beginning of the beat "compression" and movement of the piston 16 from N.M.T. 19 to B.M.T. 18, the valves 11, 12, as well as the valve 25 of the valve unit 21 are closed, and the valve 22 is open. Air from the subpiston space 44 through the pipe 23, valve 22, pipe 24, sections 34, 35, 36 will be sucked by the block of ejectors 33, and due to the discharge in the subpiston space 44, the piston 4 moves to the stops 6, compressing the spring 5.

Due to the created vacuum in the above-piston space 30, through the open valve 7 from the air cleaner 1, purified air will begin to flow into it.

After the stroke "working stroke", the process of operation of the device for supplying air under pressure to the cylinder of a four-stroke diesel engine repeated as described above.

Claims (1)

A device for supplying air to the cylinders of a diesel internal combustion engine, consisting of pipelines, intake and exhaust valves, and non-return valves, characterized in that it contains a pneumatic accumulator with a piston and a spring, an ejector block consisting of ejectors arranged coaxially one after another to create a vacuum in the under-piston space of the pneumatic accumulator, a pipeline through which the exhaust gases enter the ejector unit and a valve device unit for controlling the operation of the pneumatic accumulator with the valve, s unifying the subpiston space pneumatic accumulator unit with ejectors through flap valves, and the valve connecting the air cleaner with subpiston space pneumatic accumulator, and on one end of a spring pressure reservoir mounted shims.

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