RU2376478C2 - Rotor-type positive-displacement machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to machine building, particularly to rotor-type machines with nonparallel rotational axes of rotor and pistons. Proposed machine comprises housing with its working surface representing a sphere segment, rotor with concentric working surface mounted in the housing to revolve therein, concentric working chamber formed by housing and rotor, separator representing an inclined washer with geometrical axis, inclined to that of rotor, and fixed in the housing to divide working chamber into two parts. Rotor working surface features at least one groove arranged along its geometrical axis of rotation to receive piston to rotate therein about geometrical axis crossing rotor geometrical axis at right angle. It comprises also piston representing at least a part of disk extending partially into working chamber to cut it off. Every extending part of said piston has a slot for separator to pass through and for at least one synchronising element to be fitted therein.

EFFECT: reliable synchronisation of spherical machine working members.

18 cl, 24 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering, namely to rotary volumetric machines that can be used as pumps, compressors, hydraulic drives, etc.

The prior art rotary volumetric machine containing a housing, the working surface of which is made as part of a segment of a sphere, a rotor with a concentric working surface mounted rotatably in the housing, an annular concentric working cavity formed by the housing and the rotor, a separator mounted stationary in the housing and dividing the working cavity into two parts, and at least one groove is made on the working surface of the rotor along its geometric axis of rotation, in which it is installed with the piston, made as a part of the disk, partially protruding into the working cavity to overlap, and in each protruding part of the piston there is a slot for the passage of the separator (see RU 2004133654 A, 04.20.2006 ) This machine is taken as a prototype.

The disadvantage of such machines is the complicated shape of the separator and piston slots, which do not allow their contact over a large area, to reduce the wear of this friction pair (to reduce the ideal load on this friction pair and to increase its life).

The objective of the invention is the creation of a volumetric rotary high-speed machine with increased tightness with reliable fastening of the displacing element (piston), a reliable synchronization mechanism, allowing multiple short-term overloads, a large resource and low inertial loads from the piston to the synchronization mechanism.

The problem is achieved in that in a rotary volumetric machine comprising a housing, the working surface of which is made as part of a segment of a sphere, a rotor with a concentric working surface mounted rotatably in the housing, an annular concentric working cavity formed by the housing and the rotor, a separator made in the form of an inclined washer, the geometrical axis of which is inclined to the geometrical axis of rotation of the rotor mounted motionlessly in the housing, and dividing the working cavity into two parts, with p At least one groove is made along the rotor’s surface along its geometric axis of rotation, in which it is mounted with the possibility of performing rotational vibrations around a geometric axis intersecting perpendicularly to the geometric axis of the rotor, the piston made in the form of at least part of the disk partially protruding into a working cavity for its overlap, while in each protruding part of the piston there is a slot for the passage of the separator, in which at least one sealing synchronizing element is installed.

In addition, the working surface of the rotor is made in the form of two coaxial surfaces of truncated cones, supported by a truncated part on a sphere.

In addition, the grooves on the working surface of the rotor are connected in the middle of the rotor.

In addition, the inclined washer is made flat.

In addition, the inclined washer is made with a conical working surface.

In addition, the inclined washer is installed in the housing with the ability to touch the rotor diametrically opposite parts located on its opposite sides.

In addition, recesses are made on the inclined washer at the points of contact of the rotor.

In addition, the inclined washer is made in two parts.

In addition, parts of the washer are connected via a connector in the form of ">".

In addition, the disk is made with a spherical side surface and with two slots for the passage of the separator.

In addition, the disk is made with two slots for passage of the separator with relief in areas remote from the slots.

In addition, the disk is made in the form of a truncated sector of less than 180 degrees with one slot for the passage of the separator.

In addition, the sealing synchronizing element is made in the form of a cylinder with slots at its ends, and the planes of the slots coincide.

In addition, the lateral areas of the slots are expanded due to the protrusions.

In addition, the middle part of the sealing connecting element has a smaller diameter.

In addition, the sealing synchronizing element is made in the form of overlays on the piston slot.

In addition, the sealing synchronizing element is made in the form of two plates connected by an axis.

In addition, the sealing synchronizing element is made in the form of a roller.

The invention is illustrated using the drawings.

Figure 1 shows the isometric stage of the volumetric rotary machine with the removed "ascending" part of the body (while to improve understanding, the corresponding part of the separator is left).

Figure 2 presents an isometric view of the appearance of the machine with windows of entry and exit.

Figure 3 presents the isometric "downward" part of the housing.

Figure 4 presents in isometric interaction of the piston and the separator through the sealing synchronizing element.

Figure 5 presents in isometric part of the shaft of the machine.

Figure 6 presents in isometric piston.

Fig. 7 shows an isometric cylindrical sealing synchronizing element with additional protrusions and with a middle part of a smaller diameter.

On Fig presents in isometric stage of the machine with the removed "ascending" part of the body and the input and output channels on the rotor (while to improve understanding, the corresponding part of the separator is left).

Fig. 9 shows an isometric view of a piston with a sealing synchronizing element.

Figure 10 presents in isometric cylindrical sealing synchronizing element with slots at the ends.

11 is a perspective view of a piston with a sealing synchronizing element in the form of overlays.

FIG. 12 is a perspective view of the piston for the sealing timing element of FIG. 11.

On Fig presents in isometric sealing synchronizing element in the form of a lining.

On Fig presents in isometric view of the rotor of the machine with a groove for the piston depicted in Fig.12.

On Fig presents in isometric part of the piston with a sealing synchronizing element in the form of two plates connected by an axis.

On Fig presents in isometric piston with a sealing synchronizing element in the form of rollers.

On Fig presents in isometric piston with relief and through hole for sealing synchronizing element.

On Fig presents in isometric two disks with relief and cutouts in the piston with sealing synchronizing elements forming a cross.

On Fig presents one isometric view of a disk with relief and a cutout in the piston, as well as a sealing synchronizing element with a groove for the cross.

On Fig presents in isometric rotor of one stage of the machine with a cutout of one quarter with four pistons and a separator.

On Fig presented in isometric piston of the machine in the form of a part of the disk with a groove.

On Fig presents in isometric piston in the form of a part of a disk with a groove and a sealing synchronizing element in the form of overlays, which can work with the rotor of Fig.20.

On Fig presents in isometric piston in the form of "scissors" with a sealing synchronizing element in the form of overlays.

On Fig presents a diagram explaining the operation of the machine in the form of a compressor.

In the drawings:

1 - housing;

2 - part of the hull, the rising half;

3 - part of the body, the descending half;

4 - spherical cavity;

5 - concentric hole for the output of the rotor shaft;

6 - geometric axis of the machine

7 - rotor;

8 - a piston;

9 - separator;

10 - ascending part of the separator;

11 - the descending part of the separator;

12 - login window;

13 - exit window;

16 - spherical part of the rotor above the cone;

17 - the surface of the rotor in the form of a truncated cone;

18 - the Central spherical part of the rotor;

19 - the output of the rotor shaft;

20 - working cavity;

21 - a groove in the rotor under the piston;

22 - groove in the rotor under the axis of the piston;

23 - a recess in the rotor under the sealing synchronizing element;

24 - spherical surface of the housing;

25 - input channel on the rotor;

26 - channel exit on the rotor;

27 - the axis of the piston;

28 - the outer part of the piston;

29 - the central thickened part of the piston;

30 - a through hole in the piston under the sealing synchronizing element;

31 - spherical side surface of the piston;

32 - transitional spherical part of the piston;

33 - groove in the piston under the separator;

34 - recess under the roller in the piston groove;

35 - the bottom in the groove of the piston;

36 - side surface of the piston groove;

37 - cylinder on the side surface of the piston slot;

38 - a cylindrical recess on the side surface of the piston slot;

39 - a cylindrical hole in the piston under the sealing synchronizing element;

40 - splitter connector;

41 - inner spherical surface of the separator;

44 - sealing synchronizing element;

45 - a groove in the sealing synchronizing element under the separator;

46 - protrusions on the sealing synchronizing element;

47 - pin;

48 - flat or conical platform on the sealing synchronizing element;

49 is a side surface of a groove of a sealing synchronizing element;

50 - the bottom of the groove of the sealing synchronizing element;

51 - spherical end face of the sealing synchronizing element;

52 - a cylindrical protrusion on the sealing synchronizing element;

53 - a cylindrical recess on the sealing synchronizing element;

54 - plate sealing synchronizing element;

55 - axis connecting the plates of the sealing synchronizing element;

56 - roller mounted in the groove of the piston;

57 - samples in the piston for relief;

58 - a working chamber of a minimum volume;

59 - the working chamber of the maximum volume;

60 - half a disk of the “scissors” type;

61 - cutout in the piston;

62 is a cylindrical part of a sealing synchronizing element;

63 - flat (conical) surface of the separator;

64 - geometric axis of the piston;

65 - groove in the sealing synchronizing element under the cross;

66 - hole for mounting the axis of the cross.

Volumetric rotary machine (figure 1) is arranged as follows. In the housing 1 (FIG. 2), made of two parts, conditionally “ascending” half 2 and basically “descending” half 3 symmetrical to it, there is a cavity 4 in the form of a segment of a sphere from which there is a concentric opening 5 (FIG. 3 ) In the spherical cavity 4 at an angle to the geometric axis of the hole, which is the geometric axis of the machine 6, a separator 9 is installed, made in the form of a washer with an internal spherical hole 41 (Figs. 1, 3, 4). For clarity, the separator 9 is made of two parts: conditionally "ascending" 10 and "descending" 11, each of which is attached to the corresponding parts of the housing 2 and 3 (Fig.3, 4). The rotor 7 is mounted in the housing rotatably relative to the axis 6 of the housing 1 with a working surface made in the form of two surfaces of truncated cones 17, supported by smaller bases on the central sphere 18 (Fig. 5). The large bases of the cones are connected to the shaft outlets concentric with it by 19 segments of the sphere 16, concentric to the central sphere 18 and radii approximately equal to the radius of the working cavity 4. On the working surface of the rotor 7 there is a through groove 21 along the geometric axis of the machine 6 (Fig. 5). For ease of disassembly, the rotor 7 is made of two halves. The spherical part of the housing 4, the conical part of the rotor 17, the central spherical part of the rotor 18 and the separator 9 form a working cavity 20, which the separator 9 divides into two parts (figure 1). The separator 9 touches the conical surface 17 of the rotor 7 with opposite sides in two diametrically opposite places (figure 1). In the groove 21 is installed with the possibility of rotational vibrations around the geometric axis 68, intersecting perpendicular to the geometric axis 6 of the machine, the piston 8 (figure 1), protruding on both sides of the through groove 21. The piston 8 is made in the form of a disk having an outer 28 and a central thickened 29 parts (Fig.6). The outer part of the piston 28 is limited by a spherical surface 31, the radius of which is approximately equal to the radius of the working cavity 4. The transition between the outer part of the piston 28 and the central part 29 is made along a sphere 32, the radius of which is approximately equal to the radius of the central sphere 21. On the outer part 28 there are two diametrically opposite groove 33 (Fig.6). A cylindrical hole 39 is made through a groove 33 in diameter, extending to a shallow depth into the thickened part 29 and then passing into a through hole of a smaller diameter 30. The piston 8 is integral with the axis 27. A part of the sealing synchronizing element 44 is installed in each cylindrical hole 39 of the piston 8, made in the form of a cylinder 62, the end of which is cut by a groove 45 under the separator 9. To increase the area of the side surface of the groove 48 on the cylindrical part 62 of the sealing synchronizing element 44, dissected by the groove 45, protrusions 46 are flanged (Fig. 7). In the unseated part of the sealing synchronizing element 44, a coaxial hole is made for mounting the pin. Two parts 62 of the sealing synchronizing element 44, installed in two diametrically opposite grooves 45, are connected together using a pin 47 (Fig.7). There are two pairs of windows of the input 12 and output 13, and the windows of input 12 and output 13 working together are located on one side of the separator 9 from the bottom or top along the axis of the rotor 20 and are adjacent to the point of contact of the separator 9 with the rotor 7 on both sides (Fig. 3). Another possibility of placing windows is their location on the rotor (Fig. 8). In this case, they are adjacent to the groove 21 under the piston 7.

In this machine, a piston 8 (Fig. 9), made without an axis and equipped with a sealing synchronizing element 44 of a simpler form, can also be used. The sealing synchronizing element 44 is made in the form of a cylinder, on the spherical ends 51 of which there are two grooves 45 for the separator 9. The piston 8 (Fig. 9) differs from the piston 8 (Fig. 6) in that instead of holes of different diameters 30 and 39 there is only one through hole 30. The sealing synchronizing element 44 is in contact with the separator 9 on the side surface of the groove 49 and the bottom of the groove 50, which has a spherical shape (figure 10).

11 shows a piston without an axis with a sealing synchronizing element 44 in the form of overlays. On the side surface 36 of the groove 33 of the piston 8 there are two cylindrical protrusions 37 and a cylindrical recess 38 (Fig.12). The sealing synchronizing element on the one hand has two coaxial cylindrical recesses 53, between which there is a cylindrical protrusion 52, and on the other hand a flat platform or a portion of the conical surface 48 (Fig.13). The rotor 7 for the piston 8 with such a sealing synchronizing element 44 (FIG. 13) has recesses 23 for the sealing synchronizing element in the form of overlays (FIG. 14). The piston 8 (Fig. 12) differs from the piston 8 (Fig. 9) in that it does not have a through hole 30.

The sealing synchronizing element may consist of two parts, each of which is two plates 54 connected by an axis 55 (Fig. 15).

The sealing synchronizing element 44 can be made in the form of a roller 56 (Fig.16) located in the recess 34 on the side surface 36 of the groove 33 of the piston 8.

The piston can be made without a sealing synchronizing element (Fig.21).

To reduce the wear of mechanical synchronization at high speeds, the piston 8 can be lightened. This can be done efficiently by selecting material on the piston parts 8 close to the axis of rotation of the rotor 7, by using material with a lower density (especially in the indicated places), due to removal these parts of the piston 8. In the latter case, by removing the parts of the piston 8, it is possible to shorten the length of one stage of the pump.

On Fig made a lightweight version of the piston 8. The relief is a selection of 57 material on parts of the piston 8, close to the axis of rotation of the machine 6 and remote from the axis of the piston, the sample 57 may be non-through or may be filled with inserts of lighter material.

Another direction of the modification of the machine is to increase the number of pistons 8. For this, it is necessary to increase the number of grooves 21 in the rotor 7. An example of the execution and relative position of two or more pistons 8 is shown in Fig. 18.

A cutout 61 is additionally made in the middle part of the piston 8, which is relieved. As a result, two protruding parts of the piston 8 are connected to each other by one or two arcs, which allows the pistons to intersect at an angle to each other and not interfere with their vibrations relative to the rotor. The presence of a void in the center of each piston allows you to mate with each other the axis of the sealing synchronizing elements 44 in the form of a cross (Fig.19). To do this, in the middle part of the sealing synchronizing element, a groove 65 is made to the middle of the cylinder. For greater rigidity, the cross can through the hole 66 in the groove 65 of the sealing synchronizing element is fixed by the axis.

Another way to add the pistons 8 is shown in FIG. 20 — to make the slots in the rotor 7 non-through and to place the pistons 8 in each, which are made in the form of a sector of the disc less than 180 degrees (FIG. 21). While the pistons 8 can be held due to contact with the separator 9 on a flat (conical) surface 63 and on the spherical (cylindrical) surface of the separator 41 and / or on the spherical surface of the housing 24.

In Fig.22 shows the piston 8, different from the piston 8 (Fig.21) the presence of a sealing synchronizing element 44 (Fig.13). For such pistons 8, grooves can be made in the grooves of the rotor 21 to prevent jamming of the liquid.

In this case, the pistons 8 can be held due to contact with the separator 9 on a flat (conical) surface 63 and on the spherical (cylindrical) surface 41 of the separator and / or on the spherical surface 24 of the housing 1.

In this case, automatically, due to compression by centrifugal forces and pressure forces of the working fluid, gaps can be selected on sphere 24. Gaps for the separator 9 can be selected if the thickness of the separator 9 increases to the periphery.

To automatically select the gaps between the separator 9 and the slot 33 of the piston 8 or the sealing synchronizing element 44, the piston 8 is made in the form of scissors (Fig.23). Such a piston 8 consists of two parts 60. Pistons 8 of this type can be performed with or without a sealing synchronizing element 44.

In this case, the compression of the two parts 60 of the piston 8 can be carried out by centrifugal forces acting on the parts 60 of the piston 8, by centrifugal forces that act on the additional proppant, by spring, by the pressure of the working medium.

The piston 8 can be attached in various ways.

The piston 8 can be made integrally with the axis of rotation 27, then the rotor 7 is split.

The piston 8 can be manufactured with a press-fit axis 27, in which there is a hole for the passage of the pin.

The piston 8 can be made with recesses instead of the axis 27, for fixing in the rotor 7 with the help of pins.

The piston 8 may not have additional fixation in the rotor 7 (held in position by the splitter 9 and / or the housing 1).

The piston 8 can be centered due to the shape of the groove 21 in the rotor 7.

From the point of view of displacement processes, it is convenient to talk about the number of displacers protruding into the working chamber 20, regardless of how they are arranged inside the rotor 7, how they are fixed and how balanced. But from the point of view of dynamic centrifugal and inertial loads, sealing properties, and loads on friction pairs, the internal arrangement and mounting of the pistons is important 8. That is it is important whether the two protruding parts of the piston 8 are parts of the same piston 8 or different, whether the sealing synchronizing element 44 protrudes into the diametrically opposite parts of the working chamber or only in one direction in the piston 8, whether the separator 9 covers the integral sealing synchronizing element 44 or consisting from individual parts located on opposite sides of the separator 9.

Volumetric rotary machine, made as a pump, operates as follows. When the rotor 7 rotates, the upper half of the working cavity 20 is blocked by the protruding part of the piston 8 in the area between the windows 12 and 13, breaking it into two working chambers of decreasing volume (in front of the piston) and increasing volume (behind the piston). The working fluid from the decreasing working chamber enters the exit window 13, into the increasing working chamber enters through the entrance window 12. The piston 8 is rotated relative to the rotor 7, interacting directly with the slot 33 or through the sealing synchronizing element 44 with the separator 9. When this part of the piston enters into the bypass zone (windows of the input 12 / output 13) immediately or after some time it is replaced by the next piston 8. The process is repeated. Similarly for the lower half of the working cavity 20.

When performing a volumetric rotary machine as a compressor and with a large number of displacers (protruding parts of the piston 8), a large gap can be left between the separator 9 and the conical surface 17 of the rotor 7. The operation of such a machine is easier to understand from the diagram (Fig.24). When approaching a pair of neighboring displacers to the place where a chamber of maximum size 59 is formed between them (in the area of the junction of the ascending 10 and descending 11 parts of the separator 9), the rear piston 8 leaves the zone of the inlet window 12. With further movement, the volume cut off by the pistons 8 begins to decrease. Upon reaching a predetermined compression ratio, the front piston 8 enters the region of the exit window 13. Upon further movement, the cut-off volume is forced out into the exit window 13 until the chamber reaches the minimum volume 58 (in the region of the junction of the ascending 10 and descending 11 parts of the separator 9). After that, the rear piston 8 leaves the region of the exit window 13, the volume of the chamber between the pistons 8 with gas residues begins to increase until the pressure is equal to the inlet pressure. After that, the front piston 8 falls into the region of the inlet window 12, the process of filling the chamber begins. After the camera reaches a maximum volume of 59, the process is repeated. In the lower half of the working chamber, similar processes occur.

In the considered machines, there is a phenomenon of twisting of the piston 8 by the pressure of the medium in the direction of its rotation. The magnitude of the torque is proportional to the thickness of the piston 8 protruding from the rotor 7. Therefore, the thickness of this part of the piston 8 should be selected based on the ratio of the moment of friction in the axis 27 of the piston 8 to the pressure drop across the piston 8. The calculation procedure is not given due to obviousness.

Claims (18)

1. A rotary volumetric machine comprising a housing, the working surface of which is made as part of a sphere segment, a rotor with a concentric working surface mounted rotatably in the housing, an annular concentric working cavity formed by the housing and the rotor, a separator made in the form of an inclined washer, the geometrical axis of which is inclined to the geometrical axis of rotation of the rotor mounted motionlessly in the housing and dividing the working cavity into two parts, moreover, on the working surface of the rotor, at least one groove along its geometrical axis of rotation, in which it is mounted with the possibility of performing rotational vibrations around a geometrical axis intersecting perpendicularly to the geometrical axis of the rotor, a piston made in the form of at least part of a disk partially protruding into the working cavity to overlap it while in each protruding part of the piston there is a slot for the passage of the separator, in which at least one sealing synchronizing element is installed. 2. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the working surface of the rotor is made in the form of two coaxial surfaces of truncated cones, resting the truncated part on a sphere. 3. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the grooves on the working surface of the rotor are connected in the middle of the rotor. 4. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the inclined washer is made flat. 5. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the inclined washer is made with a conical working surface. 6. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the inclined washer is installed in the housing with the ability to touch the rotor with diametrically opposite parts located on its opposite sides. 7. The machine according to claim 6, characterized in that the notches are made on the inclined washer at the points of contact of the rotor. 8. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the inclined washer is made in two parts. 9. The machine of claim 8, wherein the parts of the washer are connected via a connector in the form of ">". 10. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the disk is made with a spherical side surface and with two slots for the passage of the separator. 11. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the disk is made with two slots for the passage of the separator with relief in areas remote from the slots. 12. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the disk is made in the form of a truncated sector of less than 180 ° with one slot for the passage of the separator. 13. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the sealing synchronizing element is made in the form of a cylinder with slots at its ends, and the plane of the slots coincide. 14. The machine according to item 13, wherein the lateral areas of the slots are expanded due to the protrusions. 15. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the middle part of the sealing connecting element has a smaller diameter. 16. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the sealing synchronizing element is made in the form of overlays on the piston slot. 17. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the sealing synchronizing element is made in the form of two plates connected by an axis. 18. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the sealing synchronizing element is made in the form of a roller.

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