RU2376054C1 - Separator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to devices intended for separating fluid and solid particles from gases exploiting centrifugal forces originating on swirling gas-fluid flow, and can be used in oil production, petrochemical industry and other branches of national economy. Proposed separator incorporates vertical cylindrical housing with inlet, outlet and discharge branch pipes, horizontal baffle with central hole with separation pack made up of plates arranged its edges, and deflector arranged between separation pack and housing inner wall and communicated with inlet branch pipe. Housing lower part inner surface is made tapered with start of smaller diametre section arranged below deflector, bur above or at the level of separation pack. Note that cylindrical ring is arranged at the housing larger-diametre section.

EFFECT: expanded operating range, reduced pressure losses, higher efficiency of separation.

4 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to a device for cleaning gas from liquids and solid particles using centrifugal forces arising from the twisting of a gas-liquid flow, and can be used in gas production, petrochemical and other industries.

Centrifugal separators are known (“Oil and Gas Separation Technique.” Reference Manual. Authors: L. M. Milypteyn, S. I. Boyko, E. P. Zaporozhets. M. “Nedra” 1991, p.146, Fig. 61).

The separator contains a vertical cylindrical body with an inlet located in its lower part, a pipe, an outlet, a drain located respectively in the upper and lower bottoms of the body. The housing is divided by a partition in which direct-flow centrifugal separation elements are located. The flow in the separator is fed from the bottom up.

The disadvantage of such separators is that the separators are large and large. The lower placement of the inlet pipe excludes its operation in the "plug" mode.

Known separator (SU 1066629 A1, IPC 5: B01D 45/12, B04C 7/00, publ. 1984.01.15) containing a vertical cylindrical body, divided into chambers by horizontal partitions with axial holes, inside of which there are separation elements made in the form curved blades mounted on a multiple start Archimedes spiral working to twist and unwind the flow, while the output ends of the blades are inclined to the generatrix of the surface of the truncated cone at an acute angle to the direction of rotation of the flow, and the base The entrants working on twisting the flow are equipped with prefabricated cones and watertight tubes. A diffuser is mounted on the lower partition, on the top - a confuser with an annular droplet eliminator, having inclined perforations. The tangential inlet is equipped with a guide baffle. A nozzle is installed in the lower part of the housing for withdrawal from the separated liquid, and in the upper part, an outlet (for removing the purified gas stream).

A disadvantage of the known device is the design complexity, large dimensions, the use of a diffuser and a confuser with an annular droplet eliminator limits the range of loads in the gas and liquid phases, because their increase leads to a partial ablation of the liquid film between the inclined notch during transportation to the outlet. The operation of the device in the "plug" mode is excluded, because the inlet pipe is located in the lower part of the housing, the gas-liquid mixture is sent from the bottom up, which ultimately will lead to overloading of the drain devices and, as a result, to choking the separator.

The closest technical solution to the proposed (prototype) is a small-sized highly efficient separator "Hummingbird" (RU 2244584 C1, IPC 7: B01D 45/12, publ. 2005.01.20), containing a vertical cylindrical body, a horizontal partition, inlet, outlet, drain pipe , baffle, vertical separation package, consisting of vertical flat curved separation plates, while the curved ends of the plates are directed in different directions with respect to the outer and inner diameters of the separation package. The axial line of the inlet pipe is horizontally offset relative to the axial line of the apparatus casing by 1/2 of the casing diameter. The deflector installed in the direction of rotation of the gas-liquid stream has the maximum allowable cross-section, and in the direction of the stream it narrows horizontally and increases in height, while maintaining the cross-sectional area, an arcuate plate is installed at the end of the upper narrowed part of the deflector, which descends along the gas-liquid flow and directed relative to the horizontal at an angle of 15-30 °. In the direction of rotation of the gas-liquid flow with a gap to the inner side of the housing, a curved plate is installed, which with its lower end extends under the lower cover of the deflector.

The disadvantages of the known device are:

- the complexity of the design of the deflector;

- a large deflector length of almost 180 ° along the arc creates large friction losses of the flow and reduces the tangential flow velocity Vτ, which creates a field of centrifugal accelerations in the rotating flow and determines the efficiency of separation of the flow with particles of different densities;

- the large length of the constant section baffle limits the performance of the device and the range of operation. At low costs, efficiency will be low.

The technical result of the proposed technical solution is to expand the operating range, reduce pressure loss, increase the separation efficiency.

To achieve the technical result, the separator contains a vertical cylindrical body with inlet, outlet and drain pipes, a horizontal partition with a central hole, a separation package of plates is installed around its perimeter, a deflector located between the separation package and the inner wall of the housing connected to the inlet pipe.

The inventive separator differs from the prototype in that the inner surface of the housing in its lower part is made expandable, and the beginning of the expansion is located below the deflector, but above or at the cutoff level of the separation package, a cylindrical shell is installed in the expanded part of the housing.

Moreover, the cylindrical shell has a diaphragm with a Central hole installed with a radial clearance to the inner surface, the cylindrical shell below the diaphragm has holes, and the expanded part of the housing is combined with a drain pipe.

Expanding the operating range and reducing pressure losses is achieved by the fact that the deflector has a minimum arc length spanned by an angle of 90 ° and has a variable cross-section, which allows to obtain the optimal tangential flow velocity at the outlet of the deflector, with minimal friction pressure loss.

For situations of plug traffic, when the entire cross section of the pipeline is filled with liquid, a short deflector with a varying cross section will eliminate the “locking” of the separator.

Improving the separation efficiency is achieved by the fact that the inner surface of the housing in its lower part is made expandable, and the beginning of the expansion is located below the deflector, but above or at the level of the cut of the separation package. A cylindrical shell is installed in the expanded part of the body. The shell has a diaphragm with a central hole mounted with a radial clearance to the inner surface. The shell below the diaphragm has openings, and the extended part of the housing is combined with a drain pipe.

The invention is shown in the drawing, in which Fig. 1 shows a separator in cross section, in Fig. 2 is a section AA in Fig. 1.

The separator consists of a vertical cylindrical body 1 with an inlet pipe 2, an outlet pipe 3, a drain pipe 4, a horizontal partition 5 with a hole 6, a separation bag 7, a deflector 8, an expanded part 9, a shell 10, a diaphragm 11 with a central hole 12.

The separator works as follows.

Gas-liquid flow is fed into the separator through the inlet pipe 2, located in the upper part of the housing, below the horizontal partition 5 tangentially to the inner surface of the housing and is pressed against it by the deflector 8.

Passing between the deflector 8 and the surface of the housing, the flow is accelerated and twisted on the inner surface of the housing. Under the action of centrifugal forces, finely dispersed liquid droplets and solid particles settle on the inner surface of the separator, along which they roll into the lower part of the separator under the action of gravitational forces.

In the lower expanding part 9 of the separator body, the angular flow velocities decrease, and the centrifugal forces acting on the particle deposition decrease. The axial velocity of the particles increases, they are separated from the main swirling gas stream with a part of the gas stream in the boundary layer and fall into the space between the shell 10 and the body. The swirling main gas stream, reflected from the diaphragm, "limited" by the inner surface of the vertical plates 7, rushes up through the hole 6 into the outlet pipe 3.

Above the diaphragm 11 a vortex of a gas stream is formed with intense radial velocities and reduced pressure in the axial part of the stream. The shell 10 "screens" the fluid flow moving along the inner surface of the expanded part of the housing, and eliminates secondary entrainment. Liquid particles and solid particles deposited on the inner surface of the shell and the plates of the separation bag flow through the gap between the diaphragm 11 and the shell.

The gas stream passing down the separator along the inner surface of the housing, together with the liquid phase through the central hole 12 in the diaphragm 11, is "sucked" into the central part of the upward vortex.

Thanks to this design of the separator, an extension of the operating range, reduction of pressure losses, and increase of separation efficiency are achieved.

Claims (4)

1. The separator containing a vertical cylindrical body with inlet, outlet and drain pipes, a horizontal partition with a Central hole, the perimeter of which is installed a separation package of plates, a deflector located between the separation package and the inner wall of the housing, connected to the inlet pipe, characterized in that the inner surface of the housing in its lower part is made expandable, and the beginning of the expansion is located below the deflector, but above or at the cutoff level of the separation package , a cylindrical shell is installed in the expanded part of the body. 2. The separator according to claim 1, characterized in that the cylindrical shell has a diaphragm with a Central hole installed with a radial clearance to the inner surface. 3. The separator according to claim 1, characterized in that the cylindrical shell below the diaphragm has openings. 4. The separator according to claim 1, characterized in that the expanded part of the housing is combined with a drain pipe.

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