RU2373421C1 - Method of preparing hydrocarbon and mixed alternate fuels to be used, and modular plant for method realisation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heating systems, fuel. ^ SUBSTANCE: invention refers to methods of preparing hydrocarbon and mixed alternate fuels to be used, and can be used in petroleum and automobile industries and various fields. The task is achieved by method of preparing hydrocarbon and mixed alternate fuels to be used by supplying fuel to fuel treatment plant, high-voltage pulse current to electrodes of fuel treatment plant, in which base gasoline and amine fuel and/or xylidines (CH3)2C6H3NH2, for example isomeric xylidines, are fed to compounding unit in which they are mixed, then fuel mixed with amines is supplied to centrifugal forces field and is subject to chain reaction of cracking of hydrocarbon molecules of the mixture at standard conditions by passing it through electric field with intensity of 2.12Ç7.54 kV/mm, current intensity of 1.48Ç3.35 A, pulse frequency of 0.46Ç1.0 kHz and voltage of 10Ç30 kW in electric fuel processing unit. After electric processing, the product and esters, for example monomethyl ester and/or amine fuel mixed with xylidines and esters is supplied to fuel treatment module with specified concentration of high-octane number component in which fuel quality properties are adjusted to the specified ones by mixing fuel-amine mixture with high-octane number component. Method is implemented by means of modular fuel treatment plant which consists of electric fuel processing unit and, in addition, is equipped with fuel compounding unit and fuel treatment module with specified concentration of high-octane number component, which are equipped with pipelines with shutoff and control valves. At that, electric fuel processing unit, fuel compounding unit and fuel treatment module with specified concentration of high-octane number component are connected in series, and are independent and equipped with devices for attaching units and module to each other. ^ EFFECT: improving complex of operating and physical and chemical properties of hydrocarbon and mixed alternate fuels, such as octane number of automobile gasolines, diesel fuel cetane number, kinematic viscosity, fraction and hydrocarbon composition, as well as improving ecological fuel properties. ^ 2 cl, 5 tbl, 8 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to methods for the preparation of hydrocarbon and mixed alternative fuels with an improved set of operational, physico-chemical and environmental properties for use and can be used in the refining, automotive industry and various fields of technology.

A known method of burning a mixture of fuel particles with air, including the intensification of the process of mixing liquid fuel particles with air using a low-frequency sound generator and a device for homogenizing the fuel-air mixture containing a four-wave sound generator, a tube for supplying fuel to the air casing [1].

The main disadvantage of the above method and device is that the dispersion of liquid fuel and its mixing with air is due to an increase in the kinetic energy supplied from the sound generator to the liquid molecules, which does not allow changing the hydrocarbon composition due to the breaking of covalent bonds, in low fuel preparation efficiency , which does not allow to significantly improve the quality of the complex operational, physico-chemical and environmental properties of hydrocarbon fuels.

A known method of burning fuel by ionizing air in an electrostatic field before mixing it with fuel particles and a device for producing a highly reactive oxidizing agent, comprising a housing, inside which rings and a tubular electrode are placed, between which a corona discharge occurs under the action of voltage [2].

The main disadvantage of the method and device is that when mixing two phases, gas and liquid, the gas phase is ionized and has a certain potential, and the liquid phase is almost neutral, therefore, the gas ion charge is partially used, which does not provide a strong bond of the oxidizer with fuel molecules, which is completely fuel combustion; low efficiency of fuel processing by force field.

Closest to the proposed method for the preparation of hydrocarbon and mixed alternative fuels for use according to the technical nature and the achieved effect is a method of electric processing of liquid fuel and an activator for liquid fuel [3], selected as a prototype for the proposed method.

The prototype method [3] includes the dispersion of liquid fuel, mixing with ionized air, homogenization and ignition. Before dispersion, liquid fuel is activated in the electric field of a pulsed current with a frequency of 250 ... 300 Hz and a voltage of 20 ... 25 kV, the fuel flow is divided by polarity, a positively charged one is directed to dispersion and mixing with air, and a negatively charged one is returned to its original capacity.

The main disadvantages of the prototype method are the inability to change the characteristics of the electric field depending on the initial quality indicators of the fuel used, and therefore, the low efficiency of fuel preparation, which does not significantly improve the quality of the complex of operational, physicochemical and environmental properties of hydrocarbon fuels, as well as the complexity of execution and application on technology.

The closest to the proposed block-modular installation in terms of technical nature and the achieved effect is a device for processing and refining fuel of internal combustion engines [4], selected as a prototype.

The prototype device contains a hollow body with a plug, sump and fittings. The positive electrode is made with a multiple helical groove and is located on the axis of the device. A negative electrode is arranged concentrically to it, made in the form of a threaded sleeve from an electrically conductive ferromagnetic material, freely moving along the axis along a thread located on the device’s body with the possibility of fixing it with a lock nut. The housing, plug, sump and fittings are made of electrical insulating material.

The main disadvantages of this device are the low efficiency of fuel cleaning from mechanical impurities and water, the inability to change the parameters of the electric field and the low efficiency of fuel preparation, which does not significantly improve the quality of the complex of operational, physicochemical and environmental properties of hydrocarbon and mixed alternative fuels.

The present invention solves the problem of improving the range of operational and physico-chemical properties of hydrocarbon and mixed alternative fuels, such as the octane number of gasoline, cetane number of diesel fuels, kinematic viscosity, fractional and hydrocarbon composition, as well as improving the environmental properties of fuels.

The problem is achieved by the method of preparing hydrocarbon and mixed alternative fuels for use by supplying fuel to the fuel preparation plant, applying a high voltage pulse current to the electrodes of the fuel preparation plant, in which base gasoline and amine fuel and / or xylidines (CH ₃ ) ₂ C ₆ H ₃ NH ₂ (aminoxylols), for example, isomeric xylidines are fed into a compounding unit in which they are mixed, then the fuel-amine mixture is fed into the centrifugal force field and subjected to chain cracking of molecules hydrocarbon mixture under normal conditions, passing it through an electric field with a strength of 2.12 ... 7.54 kV / mm, a current of 1.48 ... 3.35 A, a pulse frequency of 0.46 ... 1.0 kHz and a voltage of 10 ... 30 kW in the electric fuel processing unit, after the electric processing, the product and ethers, for example monomethyl ether (MME) and / or a mixture of amine fuel with xylidines and ethers, are fed to the fuel preparation module with a given concentration of high-octane component, in which the quality indicators of the fuels are brought to the set by mixing amine fuel mixture with in sokooktanovym component.

The method is implemented using a block-modular installation of fuel preparation containing an electric fuel processing unit, the electric fuel processing unit comprising a hollow body with tangentially placed input and output nozzles and electrodes connected to a high voltage current source, the body is a negative electrode, the positive electrode is made in in the form of a cylinder with a helical groove and is located along the axis of the housing coaxially with the negative electrode, while the housing, electrodes and nozzles are made s of electrically conductive ferromagnetic material with a corrosion-resistant coating, which is additionally equipped with a fuel compounding unit and a fuel preparation module with a given concentration of high-octane component, equipped with pipelines with shut-off and control valves, the fuel compounding unit comprising a housing with tangentially arranged fuel supply and exhaust pipes, in which a distribution cup is coaxially placed, provided with an annular tubular distribution located therein mixture mixture, an ultrasonic emitter made in the form of an acoustic whistle and a mesh divider installed above the distributor between the emitter and the glass wall, the fuel preparation module with a given concentration of the high-octane component contains a prefabricated housing with a detachable hemisphere and diaphragm, the side surface of the housing is equipped with a nozzle for supplying the high-octane component mounted perpendicular to the housing, inside the module housing is installed coaxially with a pipe for supplying fuel, equipped with a nozzle with a chipper in the form of a return cone, the nozzle is made in the form of an ejector, the side surface of which has openings, while the outlet pipe of the module is connected to the supply pipe of the fuel dispenser, the lower conical part of the casing of the electric fuel processing unit is equipped with a drain plug with a magnet, while the block electrical processing of fuel, fuel compounding unit and fuel preparation module with a given concentration of high-octane component are connected in series, autonomous Many are equipped with devices for mounting blocks and modules between themselves.

These distinctive features are essential for solving the problem of the invention.

For the method

1. Amine fuel and / or xylidines (CH ₃ ) ₂ C ₆ H ₃ NH ₂ (aminoxylols), for example, isomeric xylidines, are added to the fuel [5]. Among amine compounds, the most promising high-octane components are isomeric xylidines.

Isomeric xylidines or dimethylphenylamines ((CH ₃ ) ₂ C ₆ H ₃ NH ₂ ) are colorless substances, unlike alcohols, have better solubility in gasolines and do not separate with them during storage, when exposed to an electric field, dispersed particles decay and polar groups.

For the first time, it is proposed to use amine fuel as a high-octane component, which is a mixture of aliphatic and aromatic amines, namely triethylamine (C ₂ H ₅ ) ₃ N and xylidines (CH ₃ ) ₂ C ₆ H ₃ NH ₂ (a mixture of six isomers in which less than 60% methaxylidines), for example, isomeric xylidines or a mixture thereof.

Histograms of the main physicochemical and operational properties of the most popular high-octane components are presented in figures 1, 2, 3.

An analysis of the presented histograms shows that isomeric xylidines are superior in all parameters to other high-octane components, having a high density, a high energy quantity per unit volume of liquid fuel and a low relative volumetric flow rate.

The use of isomeric xylidines together with triethylamine increases the gas formation of the fuel mixture and increases its chemical stability.

2. The fuel-amine mixture is fed into the centrifugal force field and subjected to a chain reaction of cracking the hydrocarbon molecules of the mixture under normal conditions, passing it through an electric field of 2.12 ... 7.54 kV / mm, current strength of 1.48 ... 3.35 A , a pulse frequency of 0.46 ... 1.0 kHz and a voltage of 10 ... 30 kW.

These parameters of the electric field and current are due to the energy necessary to change the structure of the initial hydrocarbons.

Radical chain transformations occur with hydrocarbon molecules in an electric field [6].

To illustrate the mechanism of the radical chain process, the cracking of the M ₍₁₎ molecule is presented in the form of sequential radical reactions

This mechanism is not new and has been described by a number of scientists [6]. The uniqueness and fundamental difference of the developed method is to change the hydrocarbon composition of fuels without increasing temperature, pressure and the presence of a catalyst.

The chain originates as a result of the transfer of electric field energy and the coincidence of the natural frequency of the molecules of the hydrocarbon fuels with the frequency of the electric field pulses.

Mathematical dependences of the force acting on free radicals and their speed on the characteristics of the fuel and electric field are derived.

The force acting on a free radical depends on the dielectric constant, the density of the linear charge and the size of the radicals, is determined by the formula

where τ is the linear charge density;

l is the distance from the center of the radical to the charge;

a is the radius of the free radical;

ε _a , ε _i are the dielectric constants of the fuel and radicals, respectively.

The speed of the free radical is significantly affected by the voltage, dielectric constant and dynamic viscosity of the fuel

where U is the voltage;

r is the distance from the radical to the electrode;

ρ is the fuel density;

d is the diameter of the electrode;

η is the dynamic viscosity of the medium;

e ₀ is the dielectric constant.

The derivation of the data of mathematical dependencies made it possible to control the development of the radical chain process.

The chain termination of the process occurs by radical recombination and disproportionation reactions.

The effectiveness of the application of these parameters of the electric field

prove the results of experiments. On the example of studying the effect of an electric field on the kinematic viscosity of diesel fuel of the brand (L-0.2-40 GOST 305) in accordance with the standard methodology according to GOST 33, are shown in table 1.

As a result of processing the obtained results using the STATISTICA 6.0 program, a graph of FIG. 4 and a mathematical dependence are obtained

where ν is the kinematic viscosity, mm ² / s;

E - electric field strength, kV / mm;

f- pulse frequency, Hz.

Table 1 Experience number Input test voltage, V Current strength, A Pulse frequency, kHz Output Voltage, kV Tension, kV / mm Kinematic viscosity, mm ² / s The viscosity of the fuel sample according to the standard method 2,294 one twenty 1.72 8.00 2.69 2.42 2,089 2 1.8 7.50 2.82 2.54 2,106 3 1.74 7.50 2.73 2.45 2,068 four 10 2.44 1,60 4.43 3.98 1,956 5 2.45 1,60 4.45 four 1,918 6 2.45 1,60 4.45 four 1,886 7 fifteen 1.7 5.60 2.7 2.43 1,846 8 1,69 5.60 2.68 2.42 1,874 9 1.75 5.60 2.78 2.5 1,858 10 fifteen 3.2 2.10 5.57 4.99 1,813 eleven 3.26 2.20 5.62 5.06 1,804 12 3.35 2.20 5.78 5.2 1,814 13 10 2.86 0.47 8.22 7.39 1,821 fourteen 2.92 0.47 8.38 7.54 1,852 fifteen 2.92 0.48 8.31 7.47 1,831 16 twenty 2.16 4.25 3.49 3.14 1,784 17 1.94 4.25 3.13 2.82 1,896 eighteen 1.96 4,57 3.15 2.84 1,879 19 twenty 1.82 7.83 2.85 2,56 1,845 twenty 1.83 7.47 2.87 2,58 1,829 21 1.92 7.20 3.01 2.71 1,826 22 fifteen 1.81 7.54 2.84 2,55 1,826 23 1.8 7.53 2.82 2.54 1,811 24 1.8 7.25 2.83 2.54 1,815 25 fifteen 1.48 4.94 2,37 2.13 1,912 26 1.51 4.98 2.41 2.17 1,829 27 1.51 4.87 2.42 2.18 1,805 28 0 1,56 5.46 2.48 2.23 1,823 29th 1,56 5.46 2.48 2.23 1,823 thirty 1.48 5.40 2,36 2.12 1,800

As can be seen from table 1 and figure 4, the most effective parameters of the electric field are 2.12 ... 7.54 kV / mm, current 1.48 ... 3.35 A, pulse frequency 0.46 ... 1.0 kHz and voltage 10 ... 30 kW, which provide energy savings, ease of manufacture, improving the range of operational and physico-chemical properties of hydrocarbon and mixed alternative fuels, such as octane number of gasoline, cetane number of diesel fuels, kinematic viscosity, fractional and hydrocarbon composition, as well as improvement uh cological properties of fuels.

It should be noted that the optimal parameters of the electric field will vary depending on the quality indicators of the initial fuel. Evidence of this distinguishing feature is given below.

3. Adding monomethyl ether (MME) and / or a mixture of amine fuel with xylidines and ethers and / or ethers, for example methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE), monomethyl ether (MME) or a mixture thereof in the fuel-amine composition , and / or a mixture of amine fuel, xylidines and ethers due to their high physico-chemical and operational properties and good compatibility with aliphatic and aromatic amines.

Main characteristics of ethers and their mixtures:

- Octane number - 180 ... 220 units;

- Density - 750 ... 760 kg / m ³ ;

- Increased knock resistance in the temperature range minus 45 ... 195 ° C;

- Full compatibility with gasoline.

Adding these components less than 10% does not allow to obtain the achieved effect, and more than 25% leads to a deterioration in the volatility of gasoline.

For installation:

1. The fuel compounding unit comprises a housing with tangentially arranged fuel supply and exhaust pipes, in which a distribution cup is coaxially placed, equipped with an annular tubular distributor of a high-octane component located therein, an ultrasonic emitter made in the form of an acoustic whistle, and a mesh divider mounted above the distributor between emitter and the wall of the glass. This unit design provides a mixture of hydrocarbon fuel and amine fuel in a predetermined ratio due to the passage of fuel and gas through an annular distributor and an ultrasonic emitter.

2. The electric fuel processing unit contains a hollow body with tangentially placed input and output nozzles and electrodes connected to a high voltage current source, the body is a negative electrode, the positive electrode is made in the form of a cylinder with a helical groove and is located along the axis of the body coaxially with the negative electrode, and the lower conical part of the casing of the electric fuel processing unit is equipped with a drain plug with a magnet, while the casing, electrodes and nozzles are made of electric wires one ferromagnetic material with a corrosion-resistant coating. This is necessary to impart a turbulent mixture to the mixture and treat the fuel-amine mixture with an electric field, which leads to a change in the physicochemical properties of the initial mixture at the molecular level.

3. The fuel preparation module with a given concentration of the high-octane component contains a prefabricated housing with a detachable hemisphere and diaphragm, the side surface of the housing is equipped with a nozzle for supplying a high-octane component perpendicular to the housing, a fuel nozzle is installed coaxially with the nozzle, equipped with a nozzle with a chipper in in the form of an inverse cone, the nozzle is made in the form of an ejector, the lateral surface of which has holes, and the outlet pipe of the module is connected to the supply fuel dispenser tube. This block design provides an increase in the octane number of the fuel composition to the desired level.

4. The electric fuel processing unit, the fuel compounding unit and the fuel preparation module with a given concentration of the high-octane component are connected in series, made autonomous and equipped with devices for fastening the blocks and the module to each other.

This method of preparing hydrocarbon and mixed alternative fuels for use and the design of a modular unit for its implementation on the basis of experimental and theoretical studies conducted by the authors is the most optimal.

This is confirmed by the following.

The selection of the concentration of amine fuel in the fuel was carried out on a laboratory engine installation UIT - 85. The change in the octane number of fuel with amine fuel is presented in table 2.

table 2
Change in the octane number of mixed alternative fuels with the introduction of amine fuel. The composition of mixed alternative fuels OFM (motor method) Corresponds to gasoline The number of added component, vol. % Ethanol Isomeric Xylidines Gasoline direct distillation (OH = 60 units) 26.60 13.30 60.10 76.00 A-76 56.25 21.00 22.75 85.00 Ai-93

The change in the hydrocarbon composition of Regular-92 motor gasoline in accordance with GOST R 51105, obtained with the AREX-2000 apparatus at the Federal State Unitary Enterprise 25 of the State Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense as a result of fuel preparation, is shown in Table 3.

Table 3 Change in the hydrocarbon composition of Regular-92 motor gasoline (GOST R 51105) as a result of electrical processing. Hydrocarbon group Before fuel preparation After fuel preparation Aromatic hydrocarbons, in% 30.3 37.6 Unsaturated hydrocarbons, in% 11.0 9,4 Saturated hydrocarbons, in% 58.7 53.0

The change in the fractional composition of diesel fuel grade L-0.2-40 GOST 305-82 as a result of electrical processing is established by the standard method GOST 2177 and is presented in table 4.

Table 4
Change in the fractional composition of diesel fuel L-0.2-40 GOST 305-82 as a result of fuel preparation. Temperature recording points,% Boiling point, ° С Before fuel preparation After fuel preparation start of distillation 134 102 10% distillation 216 205 20% distillation 232 227 30% distillation 246 239 40% distillation 262 256 50% distillation 280 272 60% distillation 300 305 70% distillation 320 314 80% distillation 342 336 90% distillation 368 365 96% distillation 388 375

The fuel was tested after preparation for use on the UMZ-4178 engine at the KI-5543 GOSNITI stand according to the standard method, the results of which are presented in table 5.

Table 5 Test results at the stand KI-5543. Test No. The number of revolutions of the crankshaft, n _LW , min ^-1 Effective power Ne, kW Specific effective fuel consumption g _e , g / kW · h Before fuel preparation After fuel preparation Before fuel preparation After fuel preparation one 1700 24,854 28,356 340,370 318,362 2 1900 35,026 38,925 335,465 304,386 3 2100 35,215 39,654 321,257 295,967 four 2700 45,963 59,208 300,452 289,981

Note.
After fuel preparation, the test engine showed the following results:
1. Effective power increases by 4 ... 14 kW.
2. The specific effective fuel consumption decreased by 11 ... 31 g / kW · h.

Thus, all the features indicated in the claims are necessary together to solve the problem of the invention.

Figure 5 presents a schematic diagram of a block-modular installation of fuel preparation; in Fig.6, 7, 8 - schematic diagrams of the blocks and module shown in Fig.5.

Block-modular installation of fuel preparation (figure 5) includes a fuel compounding unit 1, an electric fuel processing unit 2, a fuel preparation module with a given concentration of high-octane component 3.

The indicated blocks and the module are connected by nozzles (pipeline communications) equipped with shutoff valves (shown in Fig. 5 by arrows) and it is possible to work (if necessary) each block and module individually or in a different combination thereof. For this purpose, the blocks and the module are autonomous and equipped with devices for their fastening among themselves.

Schematic diagram (option) of the compounding unit of fuel 1 (Fig.5) is shown in Fig.6.

The fuel compounding unit (Fig. 6) comprises a housing 4 with tangentially arranged nozzles for supplying fuel 5 and removal of the fuel composition 6. At the bottom of the housing there is a nozzle for supplying fuel 7. In the housing 4, a distribution cup 8 with an ultrasonic emitter located in it is arranged in the form of an acoustic whistle 9. In the bottom of the glass there is a central pipe 10 for supplying gas and a pipe 11 for supplying amine fuel coaxially to it. The cup 8 is equipped with an annular tubular fuel distributor 12 and a mesh divider 13 located therein. The divider 13 is mounted above the distributor 12 between the emitter 9 and the wall of the cup 8. The distributor 12 is in communication with the amine fuel supply pipe 11 and is provided with openings 14. For gas removal in the upper part body 4 installed pipe 15.

Schematic diagram (option) of the electric processing unit 2 (Fig.5) is presented in Fig.7.

The electric processing unit (Fig. 7) consists of a housing 16 made of a conductive ferromagnetic material and acting as a negative electrode, tangentially placed nozzles for supplying 17 and fuel outlet 18. Inside the housing 16, a positive electrode 19 with a helical groove is arranged coaxially with it, made of a conductive material, which is fastened in the cover of the housing 20 made of insulating material using a nut 21. The housing 16 and the housing cover 20 are interconnected with a poronite gasket 22 using bolts 23 The device is fastened by means of a mounting collar 24, which is a clamp that is welded to the housing 16 so that the arrangement of the housing 16 of the device is vertical. The lower conical part of the housing 16 of the electric fuel processing unit is equipped with a drain plug with a magnet 25. The voltage to the electrodes of the device is supplied through high-voltage wires from the engine ignition system or an autonomous source.

Schematic diagram (option) of the fuel preparation module with a given concentration of high-octane component 3 (Fig. 5) is presented in Fig. 8.

The fuel preparation module with a given concentration of the high-octane component (Fig. 8) contains a prefabricated housing 26 with a detachable hemisphere 27. The lateral surface of the housing 26 is equipped with a nozzle 28 for supplying the high-octane component, mounted perpendicularly. Inside the housing 26 and coaxially installed pipe 29 for supplying the fuel-amine mixture, which is equipped with a nozzle 30 with a chipper 31 in the form of a return cone. The nozzle 30 is an ejector, the side surface of which at the base is made with holes 32. The finished fuel composition is discharged from the housing 26 through the pipe 33.

The method of preparing hydrocarbon and mixed alternative fuels for use is implemented on a block-modular installation as follows.

Consider the installation in two ways:

fundamentally the full scheme (figure 5);

in detail according to the full scheme (for each module and block) on the example of Fig.6, 7, 8.

Hydrocarbon fuel, gas and amine fuel are supplied to the fuel compounding unit 1, where they are mixed in a predetermined ratio due to the passage of fuel and gas through an annular distributor and an ultrasonic emitter. Then, a homogeneous fuel-amine mixture is supplied to the electric processing unit 2, in which a chain reaction of cracking hydrocarbon molecules of the mixture is subjected under normal conditions. The flow under the action of centrifugal forces acquires turbulent motion and is exposed to an electric field with specified parameters, which leads to a change in the physicochemical properties of the initial mixture at the molecular level. Next, the mixture is sent to the fuel preparation module with a given concentration of high-octane component 3, where the octane number of the fuel composition increases to the required level.

Let us consider the operation of a block-modular installation in detail according to the full scheme (for each module and block).

The fuel to be prepared is supplied to the fuel compounding unit 1 (Fig. 5).

Block compounding fuel 1 (Fig.6) works as follows.

Hydrocarbon fuel and gas, for example, propane-butane mixture, any inert gas or air, are supplied into the glass 8 through pipes 7 and 10, respectively, and amine fuel is supplied through pipe 11 through the distributor 12. Due to the supply of fuel and gas through an acoustic whistle 9, the fuel is dispersed in the lower part of the glass, forming with the amine fuel coming out of the distributor 12, a fuel-amine concentrate. The resulting droplets of amine fuel in the concentrate are further crushed into smaller ones when the emulsion passes through the mesh divider 13. At the same time, through the fuel supply pipe 5 located tangentially to the finished mixture outlet pipe 6, the fuel enters the cavity formed by the wall of the housing 4 and the glass 8. Acquiring rotational motion , the fuel washes concentrate from the glass 8, forming a homogeneous mixture, which is discharged from the body through the nozzle 6. When fuel passes from the lower part of the body to the upper one, a vortex flow of gas released from the emulsion due to rotational motion, discharged through the pipe 15.

The ultrasonic emitter 9 is made in the form of an acoustic whistle, because emitters of this type do not have moving parts, and therefore, exclude the formation and penetration of microdestructive metals into the fuel and thereby have a significant effect on improving the quality and uniformity of the fuel-amine mixture.

The fuel supply through the annular distributor does not allow the fuel to enter the glass in a continuous stream, but in several streams through the holes 14 of small diameter into the distributor 12. This allows to increase the uniformity of the mixture while increasing productivity.

Then, the fuel-amine mixture is supplied to the electric fuel processing unit 2 (Fig. 5)

Unit electrical fuel processing 2 operates as follows.

Fuel through the inlet fitting 17 is fed into the housing of the device 16, which acts as a negative electrode, made in the form of a cylinder with a truncated cone of conductive material. Getting into the treatment zone with an electric field with a frequency depending on the quality indicators of the initial fuel formed by the cylindrical part of the housing 16 and the positive electrode 19 made of conductive material, due to the tangential location of the inlet fitting 17 and the outlet fitting 18, the fuel acquires a rotational, turbulent movement in the zone centrifugal forces. The positive electrode 19 is mounted in the cover of the housing 20, made of insulating material, by means of a threaded connection of the nut 21 and connected to the housing 16 through a poronite gasket 22. Then, with the help of the outlet fitting 18, the fuel enters the carburetor or the high-pressure fuel pump of the engine and / or to a hydrocarbon fuel compounding unit with a high-octane component 1 and / or a fuel preparation module with a given concentration of a high-octane component 3. Under the influence of centrifugal forces impurities and large particles of water enter the area of the truncated cone of the housing 16, where they settle and are removed from the unit during maintenance using a drain plug with a magnet 25. The electric fuel processing unit is attached using a mounting clamp 24, which is welded to the housing 16 so so that the housing is vertical.

The fuel preparation carried out in this way ensures a chain reaction of cracking the hydrocarbon molecules of the mixture under normal conditions, which ultimately allows to significantly reduce the toxicity of exhaust gases and increase the efficiency of the internal combustion engine by intensifying the process of mixture formation and combustion by increasing the fineness of the atomization of fuel droplets due to reduced forces surface tension of fuel arising under the influence of an electric field due to a change in hydrocarbon composition wa.

Next, the processed fuel-amine mixture is fed into the fuel preparation module with a given concentration of high-octane component 3 (Fig. 5).

The fuel preparation module with a given concentration of high-octane component 3 works as follows.

The fuel-amine mixture through the pipe 29 is fed into the internal cavity of the housing 26. The pipe for supplying liquid ends with an ejector nozzle 30, the side surface of which is made with holes 32 at the base. The dose of the high-octane component supplied through the pipe 28 is sucked in by suction. for use in blocks 1 and 2 (Fig. 5), the amine-fuel mixture is supplied under pressure to the chipper 31, made in the form of an inverse cone between the walls of the housing 26 and the ejector nozzle 30. Vysokookta Marketing component, mixing with the fuel flow baffle 31 is directed to a releasable hemisphere 27, where it is mixed and partially dissolved in the fuel-amine mixture by intense ultrasonic vibrations. Finally prepared for use fuel is discharged through pipe 33.

Thus, the proposed method for preparing hydrocarbon and mixed alternative fuels for use and a block-modular installation for its implementation provides an improvement in the range of operational and physico-chemical properties of hydrocarbon and mixed alternative fuels, such as octane number of motor gasolines, cetane number of diesel fuels, kinematic viscosity , fractional and hydrocarbon composition, as well as improving the environmental properties of fuels.

Literature

1. US patent N 4650413, CL. F23C 11/04, publ. 1987.

2. US patent N 3976726, cl. F02M 27/01, publ. 1976.

3. Patent RU No. 2032107, cl. F02M 27/04, publ. 1995, a prototype.

4. Patent RU No. 2270355, cl. F02M 27/04, publ. 2006 - a prototype.

5. Chemotology of rocket and jet fuels. / Bratkov A.A., Seregin E.P., Gorenkov A.F. et al. / Ed. A.A. Bratkova. - M .: Chemistry, 1987 .-- 304 p.

6. Colloidal liquids. / Nikitenko V.I. /. - M .: Chemistry, 1965 .-- 734 p.

Claims (2)

1. A method of preparing hydrocarbon and mixed alternative fuels for use by supplying fuel to a fuel preparation unit, applying a high voltage pulse current to the electrodes of a fuel preparation unit, characterized in that base gasoline and amine fuel and / or xylidines (CH ₃ ) ₂ C ₆ N are supplied ₃ NH ₂ (aminoxylols), for example, isomeric xylidines, to the compounding unit in which they are mixed, then the fuel-amine mixture is fed into the centrifugal force field and the chain reaction of cracking hydrocarbon molecules is mixed and under normal conditions, passing it through an electric field with a strength of 2.12 ... 7.54 kV / mm, a current of 1.48 ... 3.35 A, a pulse frequency of 0.46 ... 1.0 kHz and a voltage of 10 ... 30 kW the electric fuel processing unit, after the electric processing, the product and ethers, for example monomethyl ether (MME), and / or a mixture of amine fuel with xylidines and ethers are fed to the fuel preparation module with a given concentration of high-octane component, in which the quality indicators of the fuels are brought to the set by mixing fuel -amino mixture with high octane com onentom. 2. Block-modular installation of fuel preparation containing an electric fuel processing unit, the electric fuel processing unit comprising a hollow body with tangentially placed input and output nozzles and electrodes connected to a high voltage current source, the body is a negative electrode, the positive electrode is made in the form of a cylinder with a helical groove and located along the axis of the housing coaxially with the negative electrode, while the housing, electrodes and nozzles are made of conductive ferr a magnetic material with a corrosion-resistant coating, characterized in that the installation is additionally equipped with a fuel compounding unit and a fuel preparation module with a predetermined concentration of high-octane component, equipped with pipelines with shut-off and control valves, the fuel compounding unit comprising a housing with tangentially arranged fuel supply and exhaust pipes, in which coaxially placed the distribution cup, equipped with located in it an annular tubular distributor the high-octane component, an ultrasonic emitter made in the form of an acoustic whistle, and a mesh divider mounted above the distributor between the emitter and the glass wall, the fuel preparation module with a given concentration of the high-octane component contains a prefabricated housing with a detachable hemisphere and diaphragm, the side surface of the housing is equipped with a nozzle for supplying a high-octane component installed perpendicular to the housing; inside the module housing, a supply pipe is installed coaxially with it a fuel equipped with a nozzle with a chipper in the form of a return cone, the nozzle is made in the form of an ejector, the side surface of which has openings, the outlet pipe of the module is connected to the supply pipe of the fuel dispenser, while the lower conical part of the casing of the electric fuel processing unit is equipped with a drain plug with a magnet, wherein the electric fuel processing unit, the fuel compounding unit and the fuel preparation module with a predetermined concentration of the high-octane component are connected but, made autonomous and equipped with devices for mounting blocks and modules between themselves.

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