RU2373420C1 - Method of electrical treatment and use of low-octane fuel in internal combustion engine and fuel preparation system for its embodiment - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps. ^ SUBSTANCE: invention relates to methods and systems of fuel preparation and can be used in oil and automotive industries and other industrial branches. Proposed invention aims at increasing efficiency of application of low-octane fuels and control over their physical and chemical properties. To this end, proposed method comprises suction of air from atmosphere, cleaning it in air filter, throttling, forming fuel-air mixture, adding high-octane component and feeding produced mix into engine cylinders. In compliance with this method, prior to forming fuel-air mixture, low-octane hydrocarbon fuel is fed into the field of centrifugal forces and subjected to chain reaction of cracking of fuel hydrocarbon molecules at normal conditions and feeding it through electric field with intensity of 2.12Ç7.54 kV/A, current strength of 1.48Ç3.35 A, pulse frequency of 0.46Ç1.0 kHz and voltage of 10Ç30 kV in fuel electric treatment unit. After electric treatment, amine fuel and/or xylidines, or mix thereof, or ethers, for example monomethyl ether and/or mix thereof are added as high-octane component. Obtained mix is fed into mixer-proportioner fuel properties are brought to required values. This method is implemented in the ICE fuel preparation system comprising electric preparation and quality control units, low-octane and high-octane components tanks, pipeline with shut-off and control valves and mixer-proportioner. ^ EFFECT: perfected method of fuel preparation. ^ 2 cl, 10 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to methods and systems for fuel preparation, in particular to methods for the preparation of low-octane hydrocarbon fuel with an improved set of operational, physicochemical and environmental properties and its use in an internal combustion engine (ICE), and can be used in the oil refining, automotive industry and various fields technicians.

A known method of preparing the fuel mixture of an internal combustion engine [1], including the absorption of air from the atmosphere, its purification in the air filter, throttling, the formation of a mixture of air with fuel and combustible gas and the supply of this mixture to the engine cylinders with subsequent exhaust gas, and part The exhaust gases are humidified and added to the combustible gas, and the resulting charge is mixed with air in an air filter before mixing the latter with fuel.

As the disadvantages of the method, it can be noted that the combustible gases used when introduced into the fuel mixture in small quantities do not significantly increase its octane number. In addition, the use of hydrocarbon gases as a high-octane component (FOC) does not provide an improvement in the range of operational, physicochemical, and environmental properties.

There is a method of preparing a fuel mixture containing a low-octane component, an internal combustion engine [2], including suction of air from the atmosphere, its purification in the air filter, throttling, the formation of a mixture of air with fuel, followed by supply of this mixture to the engine cylinders, while before feeding the fuel mixtures in the engine cylinders are simultaneously fed into the intake manifold 20-25% aqueous ammonia solution and the fuel mixture, then they are mixed, and the aqueous ammonia solution is fed at a rate of 2.5-2.8 wt.% opliva for increasing fuel octane 0.8.

As the disadvantages of the method it should be noted that in the carburetor engine it is difficult to use fractions boiling at 140-360 ° C, since the low octane number does not ensure the normal operation of the engine. In addition, the aqueous ammonia solution is aggressive towards copper and its alloys, low fuel preparation efficiency, which does not significantly improve the quality of the complex of operational, physicochemical and environmental properties of hydrocarbon fuels.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved effect to the proposed method of electrical processing and use of low-octane fuel in an internal combustion engine is a method of using low-octane fuel - oil fractions boiling at a temperature of 140 ... 360 ° C, in a carburetor engine [3], selected as a prototype .

The prototype method [3] includes the absorption of air from the atmosphere, its purification in the air filter, throttling, the formation of a mixture of air with fuel, followed by supply of this mixture to the engine cylinders, while at the same time paraffin hydrocarbon gases, for example propane, butane, are fed into the intake manifold or a mixture thereof, and nitrogen-hydrogen fuel gas-ammonia and mix them in the intake manifold or feed the mixture of hydrocarbon and nitrogen-hydrogen combustible gases to the intake manifold.

The disadvantage of this technology is that it does not significantly improve the quality of the complex of operational, physicochemical and environmental properties of hydrocarbon fuels.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved effect to the proposed fuel preparation system is a fuel quality control system [4], consisting of a power source representing a battery or other vehicle electric power source (ATS), a system control unit, a step-up transformer, a fine filter sensor and an indication device displaying fuel quality information. The above fuel quality control system is selected as a prototype for the proposed fuel preparation system.

The disadvantage of this system (prototype) is the inability to change the characteristics of the electromagnetic field depending on the quality indicators of the fuel used, which does not significantly improve the quality of the set of operational, physicochemical and environmental properties of hydrocarbon fuels.

The present invention solves the problem of the effective use and quality control of low-octane fuel in internal combustion engines, improving the range of operational and physicochemical properties of low-octane hydrocarbon fuels, such as the octane number of gasoline, kinematic viscosity, fractional and hydrocarbon composition, as well as improving the environmental properties of fuels.

The problem is achieved by the method of electric processing and application of low-octane fuel in an internal combustion engine by sucking air from the atmosphere, purifying it in the air filter, throttling, forming a fuel-air mixture from air with fuel, adding a high-octane component, followed by feeding this mixture into the engine cylinders, in which before the formation of the fuel-air mixture, low-octane hydrocarbon fuel is fed into the field of centrifugal forces and subjected to a chain reaction cracking and molecules of fuel hydrocarbons under normal conditions, passing it through an electric field with a strength of 2.12 ... 7.54 kV / mm, a current of 1.48 ... 3.35 A, a pulse frequency of 0.46 ... 1.0 kHz and a voltage of 10 ... 30 kW in the electric fuel processing unit, after the electric processing, amine fuel and / or xylidines (aminoxylols), for example isomeric xylidines or their mixture, and / or ethers, for example monomethyl, ether and / or their mixture and / or are added as a high-octane component. a mixture of amine fuel, xylidines and ethers, which are served in mixer-dispenser, where the quality indicators of fuels after electric treatment are brought to the desired values by mixing low-octane fuel after electric processing with a high-octane component and / or a mixture of high-octane components.

The method is implemented using a fuel preparation system of an internal combustion engine containing electric processing and quality control units for hydrocarbon fuels, the electric fuel processing unit comprising a hollow body with tangentially placed input and output nozzles and electrodes connected to a high voltage current source, the housing is a negative electrode, the positive electrode is made in the form of a truncated cone and is located along the axis of the housing coaxially with the negative electrode, while the housing, electrodes and nozzles are made of an electrically conductive ferromagnetic material with a corrosion-resistant coating, and the fuel quality control unit contains a power source, a system control unit connected to a step-up transformer, the outputs of which are connected to the fuel processing unit and a common bus, respectively, and an indication device, the system is additionally contains a tank or tanks, respectively, for high-octane or high-octane components and a metering mixer equipped with pipelines with shut-off with reinforcing fittings, while the metering mixer contains a prefabricated housing with a detachable hemisphere and diaphragm, the side surface of the housing is equipped with a nozzle for supplying a high-octane component installed perpendicular to the housing, a nozzle for supplying fuel, equipped with a nozzle with a chipper in it, is coaxially mounted with the nozzle in the form of an inverse cone, the nozzle is made in the form of an ejector, the side surface of which has openings, while the outlet pipe of the mixer-dispenser is connected to the supply pipe ohm carburetor, and the quality control unit further comprises an internal combustion engine sensor module, a fuel viscosity sensor, a high voltage voltage divider, an information processing and control device, wherein the step-up transformer is a high-voltage pulse transformer, a fuel viscosity sensor is installed at the output of the fuel processing unit, an indicator made in the form of a control and indication module, the input of the high-voltage voltage divider is connected to the output of the high-voltage pulse transformer, the system control unit is made on a controlled rectangular pulse shaper with an adjustable period and pulse duration, as well as an information and control processing device, and the outputs of the high-voltage voltage divider, power, temperature and viscosity sensors are connected to the inputs of the information processing and control device, its first information the bus is connected to a controlled rectangular pulse shaper, and the second information bus is connected to the control and indication module.

These distinctive features are essential for solving the problem of the invention.

For the method:

1. Low-octane hydrocarbon fuel is fed into the field of centrifugal forces and subjected to a chain reaction of cracking of the hydrocarbon molecules of the fuel under normal conditions, passing it through an electric field of 2.12 ... 7.54 kV / mm, a current of 1.48 ... 3.35 A, pulse frequency of 0.46 ... 1.0 kHz and a voltage of 10 ... 30 kW in the electric fuel processing unit.

These parameters of the electric field and current are due to the energy necessary to change the structure of the initial hydrocarbons.

Radical chain transformations occur with hydrocarbon molecules in an electric field.

To illustrate the mechanism of the radical chain process, the cracking of the M ₍₁₎ molecule is presented in the form of sequential radical reactions:

This mechanism is not new and has been described by a number of scientists [5]. The uniqueness and fundamental difference of the developed method is to change the hydrocarbon composition of fuels without increasing temperature, pressure and the presence of a catalyst.

The chain originates as a result of the transfer of electric field energy and the coincidence of the natural frequency of the molecules of the hydrocarbon fuels with the frequency of the electric field pulses.

Mathematical dependences of the force acting on free radicals and their speed on the characteristics of the fuel and electric field are derived.

Figure 1 shows the forces acting on the free radical of a hydrocarbon molecule resulting from a cracking chain reaction.

The force acting on a free radical depends on the dielectric constant, the density of the linear charge and the size of the radicals, is determined by the formula:

where τ is the linear charge density;

l is the distance from the center of the radical to the charge.

a is the radius of the free radical;

ε _a , ε _i are the dielectric constants of the fuel and radicals, respectively;

The speed of movement of a free radical is significantly affected by the voltage, dielectric constant and dynamic viscosity of the fuel:

where: U is the voltage;

r is the distance from the radical to the electrode;

ρ is the fuel density;

d is the diameter of the electrode;

η is the dynamic viscosity of the medium;

e ₀ is the dielectric constant.

The derivation of the data of mathematical dependencies made it possible to control the development of the radical chain process.

The chain termination of the process occurs by radical recombination and disproportionation reactions.

The effectiveness of the application of these parameters of the electric field is proved by the results of experiments. Because for motor gasolines, the kinematic viscosity according to GOST is not determined, studies of the effect of the electric field on the kinematic viscosity were carried out using diesel fuel of the brand (L-0.2-40 GOST 305) in accordance with the standard methodology according to GOST 33, are given in table 1.

As a result of processing the obtained results using the STATISTICA 6.0 program, a graph of FIG. 2 and a mathematical relationship are obtained:

where: ν is the kinematic viscosity, mm ² / s;

E - electric field strength, kV / mm;

F is the pulse frequency, Hz.

Table 1 Experience number Input voltage, V Current strength, A Pulse frequency, kHz Output Voltage, kV Tension, kV / mm Kinematic viscosity, mm ² / s The viscosity of the fuel sample according to the standard method 2,294 one twenty 1.72 8.00 2.69 2.42 2,089 2 1.8 7.50 2.82 2.54 2,106 3 1.74 7.50 2.73 2.45 2,068 four 10 2.44 1,60 4.43 3.98 1,956 5 2.45 1,60 4.45 four 1,918 6 2.45 1,60 4.45 four 1,886 7 fifteen 1.7 5.60 2.7 2.43 1,846 8 1,69 5.60 2.68 2.42 1,874 9 1.75 5.60 2.78 2.5 1,858 10 fifteen 3.2 2.10 5.57 4.99 1,813 eleven 3.26 2.20 5.62 5.06 1,804 12 3.35 2.20 5.78 5.2 1,814 13 10 2.86 0.47 8.22 7.39 1,821 fourteen 2.92 0.47 8.38 7.54 1,852 fifteen 2.92 0.48 8.31 7.47 1,831 16 twenty 2.16 4.25 3.49 3.14 1,784 17 1.94 4.25 3.13 2.82 1,896 eighteen 1.96 4,57 3.15 2.84 1,879 19 twenty 1.82 7.83 2.85 2,56 1,845 twenty 1.83 7.47 2.87 2,58 1,829 21 1.92 7.20 3.01 2.71 1,826 22 fifteen 1.81 7.54 2.84 2,55 1,826 23 1.8 7.53 2.82 2.54 1,811 24 1.8 7.25 2.83 2.54 1,815 25 fifteen 1.48 4.94 2,37 2.13 1,912 26 1.51 4.98 2.41 2.17 1,829 27 1.51 4.87 2.42 2.18 1,805 28 twenty 1,56 5.46 2.48 2.23 1,823 29th 1,56 5.46 2.48 2.23 1,823 thirty 1.48 5.40 2,36 2.12 1,800

As can be seen from table 1 and figure 2, the most effective are the parameters of the electric field with a strength of 2.12 ... 7.54 kV / mm, current strength of 1.48 ... 3.35 A, pulse frequency of 0.46 ... 1.0 kHz and voltage of 10 ... 30 kW, which provide energy savings, ease of manufacture, improving the range of operational and physico-chemical properties of hydrocarbon and mixed alternative fuels, such as octane number of gasoline, cetane number of diesel fuels, kinematic viscosity, fractional and hydrocarbon composition, as well improvement NVIRONMENTAL properties of fuels.

It should be noted that the optimal parameters of the electric field will vary depending on the quality indicators of the initial fuel. Evidence of this distinguishing feature is given below.

2. Amine fuel and / or xylidines (CH ₃ ) ₂ C ₆ H ₃ NH ₂ (aminoxylols), for example, isomeric xylidines, are added as a high-octane component to the fuel [6]. Among amine compounds, the most promising high-octane components are isomeric xylidines.

Isomeric xylidines or dimethylphenylamines ((CH ₃ ) ₂ C ₆ H ₃ NH ₂ ) are colorless substances, unlike alcohols, have better solubility in gasolines and do not separate with them during storage, when exposed to an electric field, dispersed particles decay and polar groups.

For the first time, it is proposed to use amine fuel as a high-octane component, which is a mixture of aliphatic and aromatic amines, namely triethylamine (C ₂ H ₅ ) ₃ N and xylidines (CH ₃ ) ₂ C ₆ H ₃ NH ₂ (a mixture of six isomers in which less than 60% methaxylidines) and / or xylidines (aminoxylols), for example isomeric xylidines or a mixture thereof, and / or ethers, for example monomethyl ether, methyl tert-butyl ether, ethyl tert-butyl ether, and / or a mixture thereof, and / or a mixture of amine fuel, xylidines and ethers, which are served in a mixture a dispenser, where the quality indicators of fuels after electric treatment are reduced to those specified by mixing low-octane fuel after electric processing with a high-octane component and / or a mixture of high-octane components.

Histograms of the main physicochemical and operational properties of the most popular high-octane components are presented in FIGS. 3, 4, 5.

Analysis of the presented histograms shows that isomeric xylidines in all respects are superior to other high-octane components, having a high density, a high energy quantity per unit volume of liquid fuel and a low relative volumetric flow rate.

The use of isomeric xylidines together with triethylamine increases the gas formation of the fuel mixture and increases its chemical stability.

For installation

1. The fuel preparation system contains a tank or tanks, respectively, for high-octane or high-octane components and a metering mixer, equipped with pipelines with shut-off and control valves. This is necessary for the storage and supply of high-octane components to the electrical processing and fuel quality control units. A metering mixer is necessary for mixing low-octane fuel with a high-octane component (FOC) and ensures the introduction of the necessary concentration of FOC in the fuel.

2. The metering mixer contains a prefabricated housing with a detachable hemisphere and diaphragm, the side surface of the housing is equipped with a nozzle for supplying a high-octane component perpendicular to the housing, a fuel nozzle is installed coaxially with the nozzle, equipped with a nozzle with a chipper in the form of a return cone, nozzle made in the form of an ejector, the side surface of which has openings, and the output pipe of the module is connected to the supply pipe of the fuel dispenser. This block design provides an increase in the octane number of the fuel composition to the required level by mixing low-octane fuel with a high-octane component (FOC) in the required concentration.

3. The fuel quality control unit further comprises an internal combustion engine sensor module, a fuel viscosity sensor, a high voltage voltage divider, an information processing and control device, wherein the step-up transformer is a high voltage pulse transformer, a fuel viscosity sensor is installed at the output of the fuel processing unit, the indicator is made in the form of a control and indication module, the input of the high-voltage voltage divider is connected to the output of the high-voltage pulse transformer a, the system control unit is made on a controlled rectangular pulse shaper with an adjustable period and pulse duration, as well as an information and control processing device, and the outputs of the high-voltage voltage divider, power, temperature and viscosity sensors are connected to the inputs of the information processing and control device, its first information the bus is connected to a controlled rectangular pulse shaper, and the second information bus is connected to the control and indication module. This block design provides an increase in the quality control efficiency and an improvement in the range of operational and physicochemical properties of hydrocarbon fuels, for example, octane number of motor gasolines, kinematic viscosity, fractional and hydrocarbon composition, as well as environmental properties due to changes in the structure and composition of hydrocarbon fuels and increased completeness burning them in ICE.

This method of electrical processing and the use of low-octane fuel in an internal combustion engine and a fuel preparation system for its implementation on the basis of experimental and theoretical studies conducted by the authors is the most optimal.

This is confirmed by the following.

Change in the hydrocarbon composition of motor gasoline brand

Regular-92 in accordance with GOST R 51105, obtained on the apparatus AREX - 2000, at the Federal State Unitary Enterprise 25 State Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense as a result of fuel preparation are shown in Table 2.

table 2
Changes in the hydrocarbon composition of Regular 92 gasoline (GOST R 51105) as a result of electrical processing. Hydrocarbon group Before fuel preparation After fuel preparation Aromatic hydrocarbons,% 30.3 37.6 Unsaturated hydrocarbons,% 11.0 9,4 Saturated hydrocarbons,% 58.7 53.0

The change in the fractional composition of motor gasoline of the “Regular 92” brand (GOST R 51105) as a result of electrical processing is established by the standard method of GOST 2177 and is presented in table 3.

Table 3
A change in the fractional composition of motor gasoline of the Regular 92 brand (GOST R 51105) as a result of electrical processing. Temperature recording points,% Boiling point, ° С Before fuel preparation After fuel preparation start of distillation 38 thirty 10% distillation 59 55 20% distillation 64 60 30% distillation 74 68 40% distillation 84 76 50% distillation 94 87 60% distillation 107 102 70% distillation 121 117 80% distillation 140 134 90% distillation 165 157 distillation end 198 191 balance 1.45 1.21 balance + loss 2.5 2

The fuel was tested after preparation for use on the UMZ-4178 engine at the KI-5543 GOSNITI stand according to the standard method, the results of which are presented in table 4.

Table 4
Test results at the stand KI-5543. Test No. The number of revolutions of the crankshaft, n _dv , min ^-1 Effective power N _s , kW Specific effective fuel consumption g _s , g / kW · h Before fuel preparation After fuel preparation Before fuel preparation After fuel preparation one 1700 24,854 28,356 340,370 318,362 2 1900 35,026 38,925 335,465 304,386 3 2100 35,215 39,654 321,257 295,967 four 2700 45,963 59,208 300,452 289,981 Note: After fuel preparation, the test engine showed the following results: 1. Effective power increases by 4 ... 14 kW. 2. Specific effective fuel consumption decreased by 11 ... 31 g / kW · h.

The selection of the concentration of the wok by the example of amine fuel [6] in the fuel was carried out on a laboratory engine UIT - 85. The change in the octane number of the fuel with amine fuel is presented in table 5.

Table 5
Change in the octane number of gasolines with the introduction of amine fuel. The composition of mixed alternative fuels OFM (motor method) Corresponds to gasoline The amount of added component, volume. % Ethanol Isomeric Xylidines Gasoline direct distillation (OH = 60 units) 26.60 13.30 60.10 76.00 A-76 56.25 21.00 22.75 85.00 Ai-93

Thus, all the features indicated in the claims are necessary together to solve the problem of the invention.

The fuel preparation system includes a tank or tanks, respectively, for high-octane or high-octane components and pipelines with shut-off and control valves, a mixer-dispenser, electric processing and quality control units for hydrocarbon fuels.

The indicated tanks, the dispenser-mixer and the units are connected by nozzles (pipeline communications) equipped with shut-off valves, and it is possible to work (if necessary) each unit and the dispenser-mixer individually or in a different combination thereof.

Figure 6 presents a schematic diagram (option) of the mixer-dispenser.

The mixer-dispenser contains a prefabricated housing 1 with a detachable hemisphere 2. The lateral surface of the housing 1 is equipped with a nozzle 3 for supplying a high-octane component mounted perpendicularly. Inside the housing 2 and coaxially installed pipe 4 for supplying the fuel-amine mixture, which is equipped with a nozzle 5 with a chipper 6 in the form of a return cone. The nozzle 5 is an ejector, the side surface of which at the base is made with holes 7. The finished fuel composition is discharged from the housing 1 through the pipe 8.

7 is a schematic representation of a hydrocarbon fuel quality control unit.

The hydrocarbon fuel quality control unit consists of a system control unit (BUS) 9, a controlled rectangular pulse shaper (UFPI) 10, an information processing and control device (UOIiU) 11, a high-voltage pulse step-up transformer (VIPT) 12, a high-voltage voltage divider (VDN) 13 with a short settling time, a unit (device) for electric fuel processing (BEOT) 14, a fuel parameter sensor (ДВ) 15, an internal combustion engine (ДВС) 16, with a sensor module (МД) 17, a control and indication module (МУиИ) 18,Power supply (SP) 19, the first 20 and second 21 data lines.

On Fig presents a schematic representation of a controlled shaper of rectangular pulses 10 (Fig.7).

The controlled square-wave pulse generator consists of a square-wave pulse generator 22, a counter of the number of pulses of a period 23, a device for matching codes of a period of pulses 24, a trigger of a period 25, a register of a period 26, a trigger of duration 27, a waiting generator of square-wave pulses 28, a counter of the number of pulses of a pulse duration 29, a device the coincidence of the pulse width codes 30, the pulse width register 31, the optocoupler isolation device 32, the pulse amplifier 33 and the control device of the pulse amplifier 34.

FIG. 9 is a schematic representation of an information processing and control device 11 (FIG. 7).

The information processing and control device consists of an amplitude detector of the output voltage 35, a high voltage divider 13 with an input, an output of a high voltage divider 36, a switch for sensor signals with voltage regulation 37 with inputs from sensors 38, an analog-to-digital converter 39, a control device 40, a device measuring the duration and period of the pulse 41 of the divider 13 and the device of comparison and control 42.

Figure 10 shows the functional diagram of the high voltage voltage divider 13 (Fig.7).

The high-voltage voltage divider contains a resistor for the upper arm of the high-voltage voltage divider 43, an auxiliary high-voltage voltage divider 44, a voltage limiter 45, a measuring amplifier 46, a resistor for the lower arm of the high-voltage voltage divider 47, a capacitor 48, an equipotential shield 49, the segments of which are connected to the terminals of the voltage divider 44.

The method of electrical processing and application of low-octane fuel in an internal combustion engine is implemented using a fuel preparation system as follows.

Consider the installation in two ways:

fundamentally in the full scheme;

in detail according to the full scheme (for each element) using the examples of FIGS. 6, 7, 8, 9, 10.

Before the formation of the air-fuel mixture, low-octane hydrocarbon fuel is fed into the field of centrifugal forces. The flow under the action of centrifugal forces acquires turbulent motion and is exposed to an electric field with specified parameters, which leads to a change in the physicochemical properties of the initial mixture at the molecular level. Molecules of fuel hydrocarbon molecules are subjected to a chain reaction under normal conditions, passing it through an electric field with a strength of 2.12 ... 7.54 kV / mm, a current of 1.48 ... 3.35 A, a pulse frequency of 0.46 ... 1.0 kHz and voltage of 10 ... 30 kW in the electric fuel processing unit. After electrical treatment, amine fuel and / or xylidines (aminoxylols), for example isomeric xylidines or a mixture thereof, and / or ethers, for example monomethyl ether and / or a mixture thereof, and / or a mixture of amine fuel, xylidines and ethers, are added as a high-octane component. which are fed to a metering mixer, where the quality indicators of fuels after electrical treatment are adjusted to those specified by mixing low-octane fuel after electrical processing with a high-octane component and / or a mixture of high-octane components. The quality control block for hydrocarbon fuels ensures the supply to the electrodes of the electric processing block, an electric field with specified parameters, monitors and controls them depending on the quality of the initial mixture and the readings of the sensor module.

Consider the operation of the fuel preparation system in detail according to the full scheme (for each element).

Before the formation of the air-fuel mixture, low-octane hydrocarbon fuel is fed into the field of centrifugal forces. The flow under the action of centrifugal forces acquires turbulent motion and is exposed to an electric field with specified parameters, which leads to a change in the physicochemical properties of the initial mixture at the molecular level. Molecules of fuel hydrocarbon molecules are subjected to a chain reaction under normal conditions, passing it through an electric field with a strength of 2.12 ... 7.54 kV / mm, a current of 1.48 ... 3.35 A, a pulse frequency of 0.46 ... 1.0 kHz and voltage of 10 ... 30 kW in the electric fuel processing unit. After electrical treatment, amine fuel and / or xylidines (aminoxylols), for example isomeric xylidines or a mixture thereof, and / or ethers, for example monomethyl ether and / or a mixture thereof, and / or a mixture of amine fuel, xylidines and ethers, are added as a high-octane component. which are fed to the metering mixer, where the fuel quality indicators after electrical treatment are reduced to those specified by mixing low-octane fuel after electrical processing with a high-octane component and / or a mixture of high-octane components in the mixture barely-dispenser.

The mixer-dispenser operates as follows.

Hydrocarbon fuel is piped through the pipe 4 into the internal cavity of the housing 1. The pipe for supplying liquid ends with an ejector nozzle 5, the side surface of which is made with holes at the base 7. Due to the ejection of the liquid stream, the dose of the high-octane component supplied through the pipe 3 is sucked. Hydrocarbon fuel under pressure is supplied to the chipper 6, made in the form of a return cone between the walls of the housing 1 and the ejector nozzle 5. High-octane component, miscible l with the fuel flow, the chipper 6 is sent to a detachable hemisphere 2, where it is mixed with fuel due to intense ultrasonic vibrations. Thus prepared fuel-amine mixture through the pipe 8 is supplied to the fuel quality control unit.

The hydrocarbon fuels quality control unit provides an electric field with specified parameters to the electrodes of the electric fuel processing unit, monitors and controls them depending on the quality of the initial mixture and the readings of the sensor module.

The quality control block of hydrocarbon fuels (Fig.7) works as follows.

The system control unit 9, including a controlled rectangular pulse shaper 10 and an information and control processing device, generates rectangular pulses with an adjustable period and duration supplied to the primary winding of the high-voltage pulse step-up transformer 12. From the secondary winding, the signal is transmitted through the high voltage wires to the working area of the electric device fuel processing 14. The sensors of the parameters of the fuel 15, for example, the viscosity of the fuel [7], at the output of the electrical processing unit then Lib 14 provide fuel control parameters. The output signals of the sensors are fed to the inputs of the information processing and control device 11. The characteristics of the high voltage pulse voltage are monitored using a high voltage voltage divider 13 with a short settling time, the output of which is connected to the input of the information processing and control device 11. The processed fuel is supplied to the internal combustion engine 16 with a connected sensor module 17, providing control of the parameters of the engine 16. The output signals from the sensors 17 are fed to the inputs of the device information processing and control 11, which, controlling via the first information bus 20 by a controlled rectangular pulse shaper 10, provides a given period, amplitude and duration of the output pulses of the high-voltage pulse step-up transformer 12. The information processing and control device 11 provides the measurement of output signals from sensors 15, 17 transmitting the measured data and receiving data for controlling the parameters of the pulses to the control and indication module 18 via the second information bus 21.

The controlled driver of rectangular pulses 10 (Fig.7), an embodiment of which is shown in Fig.8, operates as follows.

The generator of rectangular pulses 22 generates rectangular pulses with a constant period, supplied to the counter of the number of pulses of period 23, for example, a binary-decimal counter, the outputs of the counter are connected to the device for matching the codes of the period of pulses 23, when the output code of the counter matches the one set in register 26, a pulse is generated to the input of the trigger 25, included in the counting mode, at the output of which pulses are formed with a duration of a given period of pulses. These pulses are fed to the counting input of the trigger 27, changing the state of its outputs, one of which is connected to the enable input of the waiting pulse generator 28, which, when the corresponding logic level is applied, generates at its output a sequence of pulses supplied to the input of the counter of the number of pulses of the pulse duration 29, the outputs which are connected to the device for matching the pulse duration codes 30. When the output code of the device matches the one set in the register 31, a pulse is generated that translates into the initial state a trigger 27, at the output of which a pulse is generated with a given duration and period determined by the code in the registers 26, 31. This pulse is fed to the optocoupler isolation device 32, which protects the device from high-voltage pulse interference. From the output of the device 32, the pulse voltage is supplied to the input of the pulse amplifier 33, the gain of which is controlled by the control device of the pulse amplifier 34, which provides adjustment of the amplitude of the output pulse.

The period of the rectangular pulse generator 22 and the standby rectangular pulse generator 28 determine the minimum resolution of the duration and period of the pulses, respectively.

The information processing and control device 11 (Fig. 7), an embodiment of which is shown in Fig. 9, operates as follows.

The output voltage of the high voltage voltage divider 13 is supplied to an amplitude detector 35 with an input 36, where it is converted to a constant voltage proportional to the amplitude of the high voltage pulses supplied to the switch 37, to the input 38 of which the output signals from the sensors are supplied. The switch 37 provides the normalization of the input voltage of the switch and switching the normalized voltage of the sensors and the output voltage of the amplitude detector 35. The output voltage of the switch is supplied to an analog-to-digital converter 39, which converts the analog voltage to a digital code. The device for measuring the duration and period of the pulses 41 provides a measurement of the parameters of the pulses from the output of the high voltage divider 13. The comparison and control device 34 provides a comparison of the parameters of the pulse from the output of the divider 13 with the given one and corrects the digital code on the bus 20, setting the specified pulse parameters. The control device 40 provides control of the measurement process - the switch 37, the analog-to-digital Converter 39 and the device for comparison and control 42. Management and setting of the device parameters and pulse parameters is provided via bus 21.

The device provides a wide variation in the amplitude, period and duration of the pulses from the output of the high-voltage pulse step-up transformer 12 and measurement of the parameters of the fuel and engine 14, which provides a study of the influence of a pulsed electric field with specified characteristics on the physicochemical properties of oil products.

The high voltage voltage divider 13 (Fig.7), an embodiment of which is shown in Fig.10, operates as follows.

A pulsed high-voltage voltage up to (30 kV) is applied to the input of the upper arm resistor of the high-voltage voltage divider 43 and the input of the auxiliary high-voltage voltage divider 44, the taps from which are connected to equipotential shields 49 that shield the upper arm resistor of the high-voltage voltage divider 43 and reduce the influence of stray capacitors. The output voltage is removed from the resistor 47 and the capacitor 48 and amplified by the amplifier 46.

The fuel preparation carried out in this way can significantly reduce the toxicity of exhaust gases and increase the efficiency of the internal combustion engine by intensifying the process of mixture formation and combustion by increasing the fineness of the atomization of fuel droplets due to a decrease in the surface tension of the fuel arising from the electric field.

Thus, the proposed method for the electrical processing and use of low-octane fuel in an internal combustion engine and the fuel preparation system for its implementation provide efficient use of low-octane fuel in ICEs, as well as improving the set of operational and physicochemical properties of low-octane hydrocarbon fuels, such as the octane number of gasoline, kinematic viscosity, fractional and hydrocarbon composition, and also improves the environmental properties of fuels.

Information sources

1. Patent RU No. 1483076, cl. F02M 25/06, publ. 1989.

2. Patent RU No. 2072438, cl. F02M 25/06, publ. 1997.

3. Patent RU No. 2084655, cl. F02B 45/10, publ. 1997 - prototype.

4. Patent RU No. 2005106489, G01N 27/74, 2006. - prototype.

5. Nikitenko V.I. Colloidal fluids. - M .: Chemistry, 1965 .-- 734 p.

6. Bratkov A.A., Seregin E.P., Gorenkov A.F. and others. Chemotology of rocket and jet fuels. / Ed. A.A. Bratkova. - M .: Chemistry, 1987 .-- 304 p.

7. A.N. Soloviev, A.B. Kaplun. Vibration method for measuring the viscosity of liquids. M .: Nauka, 1970, p. 78.

List of drawings

Figure 1 - arrangement of forces acting on the free radical in the fuel.

Figure 2 - graphical three-dimensional dependence of the kinematic viscosity of diesel fuel brand L-0.2-40, GOST 305, from the electric field and current frequency.

Figure 3 is a histogram of the relative volumetric flow rates of fuels.

Figure 4 is a histogram of an indicator of the amount of energy per unit volume of liquid fuel.

Figure 5 is a histogram of densities, kg / m ³ .

6 is a schematic diagram of a mixer-dispenser.

Figure 7 is a diagram of a hydrocarbon fuel quality control block.

Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a controlled rectangular pulse shaper of a hydrocarbon fuel quality control unit.

Fig.9 is a diagram of an information processing and control device for a hydrocarbon fuel quality control unit.

Figure 10 is an electrical schematic diagram of a high voltage voltage divider of a hydrocarbon fuel quality control unit.

Claims (2)

1. The method of electric processing and application of low-octane fuel in an internal combustion engine by sucking air from the atmosphere, purifying it in the air filter, throttling, forming a fuel-air mixture from air with fuel, adding a high-octane component, followed by feeding this mixture into the engine cylinders, characterized the fact that before the formation of the fuel-air mixture, low-octane hydrocarbon fuel is fed into the field of centrifugal forces and subjected to a chain reaction of cracking a carbohydrate molecule fuel under normal conditions, passing it through an electric field with a strength of 2.12 ... 7.54 kV / mm, a current of 1.48 ... 3.3 5 A, a pulse frequency of 0.46 ... 1.0 kHz and a voltage of 10 ... 30 kW in the electric fuel processing unit, after the electric processing, amine fuel and / or xylidines (aminoxylols), for example isomeric xylidines or their mixture, and / or ethers, for example monomethyl ether, and / or their mixture, and / or are added as a high-octane component. a mixture of amine fuel, xylidines and ethers, which are fed to a metering mixer, where the quality indicators of fuels after electrical treatment are reduced to those specified by mixing low-octane fuel after electrical processing with a high-octane component and / or a mixture of high-octane components. 2. A fuel preparation system for an internal combustion engine, comprising electric processing and quality control units for hydrocarbon fuels, the electric fuel processing unit comprising a hollow body with tangentially placed input and output nozzles and electrodes connected to a high voltage current source, the housing is a negative electrode, a positive electrode made in the form of a truncated cone and is located along the axis of the housing coaxially to the negative electrode, while the housing, electrodes and pipe made of an electrically conductive ferromagnetic material with an anti-corrosion coating, the fuel quality control unit comprising a power source, a system control unit connected to a step-up transformer, the outputs of which are connected to the fuel processing unit and a common bus, respectively, and an indication device, characterized in that the system further comprises tank or tanks, respectively, for high-octane or high-octane components and a metering mixer, equipped with pipelines with shut-off and regulating fixtures, while the metering mixer contains a prefabricated housing with a detachable hemisphere and diaphragm, the side surface of the housing is equipped with a nozzle for supplying a high-octane component installed perpendicular to the housing, a nozzle for supplying fuel with a nozzle with a chipper in it is coaxially mounted with it in the form of an inverse cone, the nozzle is made in the form of an ejector, the lateral surface of which has holes, while the outlet pipe of the mixer-dispenser is connected to the supply pipe a bureau, the quality control unit further comprises an internal combustion engine sensor module, a fuel viscosity sensor, a high voltage voltage divider, an information processing and control device, wherein the step-up transformer is a high voltage pulse transformer, a fuel viscosity sensor is installed at the output of the fuel processing unit, the indicator is made in the form of a control and indication module, the input of the high-voltage voltage divider is connected to the output of the high-voltage pulse trans ormatator, the system control unit is made on a controlled rectangular pulse shaper with an adjustable period and pulse duration, as well as an information and control processing device, and the outputs of the high-voltage voltage divider, power, temperature and viscosity sensors are connected to the inputs of the information processing and control device, its first information the bus is connected to a controlled rectangular pulse shaper, and the second information bus is connected to the control and indication module.

Images