RU2369686C2 - Pendular self-functioning breakwater - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to devices converting wave energy and preventing sea shores and water areas of ports from damage. The pendular self-functioning breakwater contains above-water pendular suspension consisting of an integrating cable-stayed line fixed between pylons. The suspension consists of plastic-reinforced pipes joined into the system. The integrating cable-stayed line is ensured with fixing elements based on anchors. Pylons are installed on ground using seashore projections configuration. The pipes are arranged in sections. When suspended, pipes are in water, at 2/3 part of their volume and at 1/3 over water having intervals between sections. The pipes are fixed to integrating cable-stayed line by suspended cables.

EFFECT: invention allows for increasing resistance force of wave energy device, expanding performance capabilities and increasing device stability.

4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to devices for converting wave energy and protecting the sea coast and port waters from destruction.

In the zone of direct contact of the wave with a medium that is foreign in molecular properties, the harmonic oscillation of the liquid fails with the conversion of the accumulated wave energy into shock-mechanical work with deformation and destruction of both the waves themselves and the obstacles.

To protect the sea coasts and port water areas from destruction, various hydraulic structures are being created, including the simplest concrete and stone breakwaters, floating pontoons of various types of construction, kept afloat with anchors, as well as pneumatic and hydraulic, energy-consuming complexes, including compressor stations with a pipeline network, acting against waves by jets of water with air under high pressure.

Information about the devices is used from the annotated review of the inventions "Breakwaters, floating and pneumatic."

Edition “Energy. Leningrad branch, 1962, Leningrad and from the Internet see www. riverstar.ru

Known floating breakwater, held at the water surface by a ballast chamber in shallow water or an anchor system in deep water areas.

(See RF patent No. 20055838, E02B 3/06. Date of publication 1994. 01. 15. Registration number of the application: 4906074 / 15. Date of application 1990. 12. 26.

A floating breakwater consists of hollow pipes connected closely to each other, forming a flat structure (fence). A ballast chamber is attached to the lower container to hold the pipes. The upper tank protrudes above the surface of the water.

The disadvantages of the analogue is the following.

1. The working element of the device in the form of a cascade of hollow pipes has an incomparably small mass in comparison with the mass of incident waves, and, accordingly, low destructive resistance.

2. The underwater lower holding block in suspension in deep areas cannot be greater than the mass of hollow pipes when unsinkable, this indicates a small holding capacity.

3. The difficulty of fixing the pipes between themselves and with the ballast chamber increases the cost of the device, and therefore, limits the length of the coast protected by capital costs.

For the closest technical solution to the proposed adopted device for damping waves. In this device, the working body that interacts with the waves is the network, which is stretched using ropes thrown over blocks mounted on fixed supports and connected to a motor mounted on the support, which serves to impart a reciprocating network. The network is suspended in the span to the intermediate supports (See AS USSR No. 73994 A, IPC EV 3/06, published on 05/31/1949).

The disadvantages of the closest analogue are the lack of resistance of the working body of the wave energy, the limited network in length, the inconvenience in its operation and the lack of stability of the device as a whole.

The technical result of the invention consists in eliminating these shortcomings and, accordingly, in increasing the resistance force of the wave energy device by increasing the mass and length of its working body, in expanding the operational capabilities and in increasing the stability of the device as a whole.

The tasks are achieved in that the pendulum self-functioning breakwater contains a surface pendulum suspension consisting of a cable-stayed cable fixed between the pylons. In accordance with the invention, the suspension consists of plastic-reinforced pipes connected to a system, the cable-stayed cable is secured by anchors and the pylons are installed on land using the configuration of the coastal protrusions, while the pipes are placed in suspension in 2/3 of the volume in water, and 1/3 above the water, with gaps between the sections, and are fixed on a cable-staying cable-tie by hanging ropes.

The present invention solves the problem of creating a pendulum self-sustaining system of damping wave energy, the energy of the waves themselves with much lower construction cost without energy costs and almost without operating costs. This is achieved by the fact that the design of a pendulum wave breaker containing a system of plastic-reinforced pipes, 2/3 filled with water and suspended like a pendulum from a connecting cable with clamps at anchors, is a multi-ton obstacle to the resistance of wave energy.

The invention is illustrated in figures 1, 2, 3, 4.

Figure 1 shows the suspension circuit sections of the breakwater.

Figure 2 - arrangement of pylons, cable-stayed cable and clamps on the site of the protected coast.

Figure 3 - protection scheme of the coastal waters.

Figure 4 is a diagram of the action of a pendulum wave breaker.

Names and numerical designations of the elements of the pendulum breakwater used later in tex

1 - protected area of the coast,

2 - port water area,

3 - ground pylon for suspension cable-stayed cable,

4 - pylon on a support in the water,

5 - cable-stayed cable,

6 - cable for suspension of a breakwater,

7 - holding clamp cable-stayed cable anchors,

8 - part of the pipe filled with water,

9 - air cushion in the pipe,

10 - section of the pipe-breakwater,

11 - water level,

12 - bulk section for ground pylon,

13 - the junction of the suspension cable with the cable-stayed cable,

14 - the junction of the suspension cable with the breakwater,

15 - contour of the wave in cross section,

16 - wave height,

17 - wave height after the breakwater,

18 - wind rose

19 - the displacement of the breakwater.

Being suspended in 2/3 of the volume in the water, and 1/3 above the water, with the appropriate air cushion, the plastic pipe-tanks, in sections of 8-12 meters after 20-30 meters, are held in position with the help of hanging ropes - 6, fixed to the common Byte cable - 5, connected to the pylons - 3 and with clamps on the anchors - 7.

Lightweight plastic pipes during transportation and installation are fixed in plan and in height in accordance with the cable rope sag, which is fixed on 2 ground pylons - 3, and for port water areas on one ground and on one with a support in the water - 4.

The diameter of the pipes is determined by the height of the "harmful" (destructive) waves of predominant action over time in a year, and the strength of pylons, cable-stayed cables and suspensions, as well as clamps - 7 is determined by the height of the maximum waves in a particular area.

The load on the cable-stayed cable - 5 and pylons - 3 consists of a constant vertical cable weight and suspension cables and parts of plastic pipes not immersed in water, as well as an additional horizontal load transferred by the suspension cables to the cable-stayed cable and on the pylons with wave resistance and displacement according to the law of the pendulum towards the coast.

Part of the additional horizontal load is compensated by the force of the return movement of the pipe-pendulum, and part by the clamps on the anchors - 7, holding the cable-stayed cable in the plan in a predetermined position.

The height of the pylons, the thickness and weight of the cable-stayed cable, as well as the number of latches at anchors -7 depends on the length of the protected section of the coast -1 or the water area of the port -2.

The gaps between the sections of breakwaters and cable suspensions can be used to pass ships.

According to the principle of action, the proposed system for protecting sea shores and port water areas differs from all known by both the breakwater design itself and the self-functioning mechanism of the breakwater’s active interaction with the natural movement of the waves and the repayment of their energy.

The device proposed in the application has a predominant difference in the following indicators.

1. During the interaction of a pendulum heavy moving obstacle with incident waves, energy is accumulated simultaneously by the law of the pendulum by the mass of the breakwater, followed by cyclical collision and destruction of the new wave.

2. The bulk of the breakwater is formed during installation directly from the water, and not the construction of an expensive structure.

3. Retention of the breakwater during resistance with moving waves is provided for fastening not at the bottom, but through ropes from above for pylons installed on land and only partially with a large length using a latch on anchors.

4. Production of device elements, including plastic tank pipes in the factory, and installation is mainly carried out on land.

5. Simplicity of construction and low material consumption per 100 meters of the protected coast.

6. Independence from the depth and geology of the bottom, ie ubiquity of use.

7. Ecological and technological environmental safety in the coastal zone.

8. An aesthetically attractive look of a garland of pendants on a cable-stayed cable and multi-colored plastic pipes protruding from the water.

The disadvantage of the developed proposal is, like the analogue, the problem of using the device in freezing seas.

The energy-extinguishing effect of the pendulum wave breaker occurs due to the contacting of a suitable mass of the wave with a multi-ton moving obstacle in the water - 10, accompanied by mechanical work and the destruction of the wave - 15.

At the first stage, a pipe (tank) with a mass of water -10 inertially exerts resistance and destruction to a suitable wave. At the same time, it shifts toward the shore and upwards on the suspension, and in the case of a large wave rising above the pipe, the latter, in the presence of an air cushion, rises above the natural level according to the law of displaced liquid, receives additional potential energy for the subsequent destructive effect on the waves when it returns to its level.

At the second stage, the mass of the water pipe displaced to its extreme position on the suspension, according to the law of the pendulum, returns in the opposite direction, colliding with a suitable mass of the new wave, and destroys the latter.

Further, the entire cycle is repeated from any initial phase, forming a self-developing mechanism of wave destruction by the energy of the waves themselves.

Claims (1)

A self-functioning pendulum wave breaker containing a surface pendulum suspension consisting of a cable-stayed cable fixed between the pylons, characterized in that the suspension consists of plastic-reinforced pipes connected to a cable-stayed cable system that is secured by anchors and the pylons are installed on land using the configuration of the protrusions banks, while the pipes are placed in sections in suspension for 2/3 of the volume in the water, and 1/3 above the water, with gaps between the sections and are fixed to unite general cable-stayed cable with suspended cables.

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