RU2366793C1 - Facility for drilling side boreholes from well - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: oil and gas production.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to drilling gas and oil wells, particularly to kickoff and drilling side boreholes from well. The facility consists of a deflecting wedge with a securing mechanism in form of a corrugated tube, and also of a channel for fluid supply communicating the cavity of drilling tubes and the cavity of cutting tool with the cavity of the corrugated tube. A sub is located between the wedge and the tube. The fixing unit of the deflecting wedge is installed in the sub. A piston and rod are arranged in a hydro-cylinder. The cavity of the hydro-cylinder communicates with the cavity of the corrugated tube. An upper part of the rod is made in form of a side shear and is designed to interact with a tapered plane of the wedge; a fixing device is installed between them. During operation pressure of working agent is being built up; through the channel pressure straightens up the corrugated tube and simultaneously moves the piston with the rod; the latter with its side shear interacts with the tapered plane of the wedge lug and presses "a head" of the wedge to the wall of the well.

EFFECT: reduced prime cost of fabrication of unit of deflection and wedge stop and simultaneously increased reliability and operability.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of drilling oil and gas wells, in particular to devices for cutting and drilling sidetracks from a well.

A device is known for drilling sidetracks from a well (US Pat. RU 2166058, MPK7 ЕВВ 7/08, op. April 27, 01 Bull. No. 12), including a guide wedge, a starting mill, a shear bolt connecting the mill to the wedge, a high hose pressure for hydraulic connection of the cutter with a cavity in the lower part of the wedge, the fixing mechanism in the form of a continuous piston and two dies located in the lower part of the wedge.

The known device does not provide reliable fixing it in the well, especially in the open hole, since the area of the dies cannot be increased indefinitely, which is structurally unjustified, but in highly curved wells due to the rigidity of the structure: firstly, it will not be possible to reach the desired interval, and secondly, even with full extension of the dies, the “head” of the wedge will not reach the wall of the well and will overlap the cross section of the well. Due to the fact that the body of the support assembly is rigidly connected to the wedge and the entire structure is held in the well on only two dies, all axial and vibration loads from the operation of the milling cutters will be transferred to them. Dies, scraping metal from the walls of the casing, will go down the piston and be released, because the piston under the action of inertia will remain in place. As a result of this, the entire wedge diverter will be released and displaced downward.

A known arrangement for drilling sidetracks from cased wells (US Pat. RU 2291268, IPC 7 EV 7/08, op. 10.01.2007, Bull. No. 1), containing a hydraulic pipe located between the milling device and the sub connected to the cavity of the profile pipe locking anchor through a piston fitting with a check valve installed with the possibility of abutment in the lower end of the wedge when applying operating pressure.

Due to the small area, the piston-fitting in this device will not be able to create sufficient force to deflect the wedge against the borehole wall, and the absence of a retainer will not allow it to hold the wedge in the position pressed against the inner surface of the casing during the construction of the sidetrack.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is a device for drilling sidetracks from a cased hole (US Pat. RU 2263196, IPC 7 ЕВВ 7/08, op. 27.10.05, Bull. No. 30), including a deflecting wedge with a fixing mechanism in in the form of a corrugated pipe, one end of which is plugged, between which a sub is placed, a channel for supplying fluid to the cavity of the corrugated pipe, a movable connection between the sub and the wedge, a cutting tool. The device comprises a fixing unit for the deflecting wedge installed in the sub and made in the form of a piston with a rod and a fixing device located in the hydraulic cylinder. The cavity of the hydraulic cylinder is in communication with the cavity of the corrugated pipe. The upper part of the rod is installed with the possibility of interaction with the lower part of the wedge from the side of its guide plane. The fluid supply channel is made in the form of a hydraulic conduit located in the deflecting wedge, connecting the cavity of the drill pipe and the cavity of the cutting tool attached to the upper part of the deflecting wedge by means of a shear bolt, with the cavity of the corrugated pipe.

The disadvantages of the device are:

- the complexity of the design, the inability to create a reliable connection of the hydraulic line through the shear bolt and the wedge body of the diverter due to insufficient thickness of the wedge in the upper part;

- the unreliability of the node of the deviation of the "head" of the wedge to the wall of the well and its fixation in this position, because the force of the piston pusher is enough to deflect the wedge “head” to the borehole wall, but not enough to hold it in this position during the entire sidetrack construction cycle. The leverage ratio in the triangle, where the lower leg is the distance between the center of the hinge axis and the point of support of the piston rod even when the wedge angle is the maximum - 2.5 ° (see pages 25-27, Samigullin V.Kh., Gilyazov PM “Operation results the KGB tool kit for sidetracking in one flight. ”Oil industry. - 2007. - No. 4), and full use of the dimensions of the small leg, is 1:23. At smaller angles, when the length of the wedge increases, this ratio is even greater. Deflecting loads arising from the operation of the milling cutter, the descent of the bits and shank, are not less than 5.0 kN. The axial load on the rod with this ratio will be 115 KN and higher. Under the influence of such a load, the locking mechanism will collapse, the piston with the rod will return to their original position, and the wedge will be able to take any position in the well, up to overlapping its cross section. When the cutter is disconnected from the wedge, the deflecting loads reach values from 50 to 70 kN. They are an order of magnitude higher than those that arise during operation, and therefore the locking mechanism will collapse already at the stage of installation of the deflecting wedge. All this increases the accident rate and reduces the quality of work on the construction of sidetracks.

The technical task of the present invention is:

- simplification of the design of the node support wedge and hydraulic pipe;

- increased effort of deflecting and pressing the “head” of the wedge to the wall of the well and securely holding it in this position during the entire construction cycle of the sidetrack, which will allow cutting and drilling the sidetrack in any direction in azimuth from the main one, reduce the accident rate and construction cost of sidetracks trunks.

The technical problem is solved by a device for drilling sidetracks from the well, including a deflecting wedge with a fixing mechanism in the form of a corrugated pipe, one end of which is plugged, between which there is a sub, a movable connection between the sub and the wedge, a deflecting wedge fixation unit installed in the sub and made in in the form of a fixing device and a piston with a rod placed in the hydraulic cylinder, the cavity of which is in communication with the cavity of the corrugated pipe, while the upper part of the rod on to engage with the lower part of the wedge from its guide plane, a cutting tool secured to the upper part of the deflecting wedge through shear bolt, the liquid supply channel connecting the cavity of the drill pipe and cutting tool cavity with the cavity of the corrugated tube.

What is new is that the fluid supply channel is made in the form of a supply tube, and the lower part of the wedge from the side of its guide surface is made in the form of a wedge protrusion directed downward with a beveled plane facing opposite to the guiding surface of the wedge, while the upper part of the rod is made in in the form of a side cut made with the possibility of interaction with the beveled plane of the wedge, between which a fixing device is placed.

Also new is that the locking device can be made in the form of wedge angles of the tapered plane of the wedge and a side cut of the rod equal to or smaller than the angle of jamming.

Also new is the fact that the fixing device can be made in the form of notches on the lateral section of the rod.

Also new is the fact that the fixing device can be made in the form of notches on the beveled plane of the wedge.

Also new is the fact that the fixing device can also be made in the form of notches on the lateral section of the rod and the beveled plane of the wedge.

Also new is the fact that the notches on the lateral section of the rod and / or on the tapered plane of the wedge can be made in the form of a material harder than the rod and wedge fixed on these surfaces.

Figure 1 shows a General view of the device with cuts, figure 2 - node deviation and fixation, figure 3 - node fixation (enlarged).

The device consists of a deflecting wedge 1 (Fig. 1), a sub 2, an anchor 3, made in the form of a profile pipe, one end of which is plugged, for example with a shoe. Other jamming methods can also be applied: crimping, removable plug, etc. The wedge 1 is pivotally connected to the sub 2 by an axis 4. Above the wedge 1, there are: a milling arrangement, a bypass valve, a pipe filter associated with drill pipes (not shown in FIG. 1), mechanically connected to the wedge 1 using a shear hollow bolt 6 and a milling cutter 5. The channel 7 for supplying fluid from the drill pipe to the cavity of the armature 3 is made in the form of a high pressure pipe. In the lower part of the wedge 1 (Fig. 1), a wedge protrusion 8 (Fig. 2) is made with a beveled plane 9 (Fig. 3) interacting with the upper part of the piston rod 10 (Fig. 2), made in the form of a side cut 12 ( figure 3). On the beveled plane 9 of the wedge ledge 8 and the side cut 12 of the rod 10, a fixing device 13 is placed in the form of notches. The piston 11 (figure 2) with the rod 10 is placed in the hydraulic cylinder 14, which is located in the sub 2 and is in communication with the cavity of the profile pipe 3 (figure 1).

The device operates as follows.

The assembly assembled on the bridges of the drilling rig is lowered on drill pipes to a predetermined depth. During the descent, through the bypass valve, the assembly cavity and drill pipes are filled with working fluid located in the well, preventing them from being crushed under the action of the pressure of the liquid column. The pipe filter retains large particles of contaminants entering the cavity of the drill pipe through the bypass valve, preventing contamination of the high-pressure pipe 7 (Fig. 1). The implementation of the channel 7 for supplying fluid from the drill pipe, through the cutter 5, the wedge 1 and the sub 2 into the profile pipe 3 in the form of a high-pressure pipe 7 allows you to reduce the number of hydraulic connections, simplify the design of the device and the technology of its manufacture. All this significantly increases the reliability of the device and reduces its cost. Geophysical methods orient the wedge 1 according to the design azimuth and create a working fluid pressure in the cavity of the drill pipe from the surface of the earth, the milling assembly, which is transmitted through channel 7 to the corrugated pipe 3, until it is completely straightened. At the same time, the pressure of the working fluid moves the piston 11 (FIG. 2) with the rod 10, which, acting as a side cut 12 (FIG. 3) on the beveled plane 9 of the wedge protrusion 8, turns the wedge 1 (FIG. 1) around axis 4 and presses it “ head "(the upper part of the wedge 1) to the wall of the well (not shown in figure 1). The implementation of the wedge ledge 8 (figure 2), directed downward, with a beveled plane 9 (figure 3), facing the opposite surface of the wedge and interacting with the upper part of the rod 10 (figure 2) of the piston 11, allows you to increase the lever of application of the deflecting force of the upper parts of the wedge in any required ratio, regardless of the diameter of the borehole or the inner diameter of the casing (not shown in Fig. 1), which ensures that the upper part of the wedge 1 (Fig. 1) is pressed against the wall of the well with great effort and its reliable fixation in this position and during the entire time of cutting, drilling and securing the side trunk. In the uppermost position, the piston 11 (FIG. 2) with the rod 10 is jammed between the wall of the gyro cylinder 14 and the lower wedge protrusion 8 of the wedge 1 (FIG. 1). The implementation of the rod 10 (figure 2) with the piston 11 as one continuous cylinder, combined with the locking device 13 (figure 3), allows to simplify the design of the support node, to increase its strength, reliability and reduce overall dimensions. In cases where the device is used in wells of large diameter, for example in conductors, it is possible to carry out the prefabricated design of the rod 10 (figure 2) with a piston 11 to simplify the technology and reduce the cost of manufacturing the device. The large diametrical and long dimensions of the piston 11 allow it to operate stably, leaving the rod 10 deflecting-wedging function. Giving the rod 10 a wedge shape increases the force of deflection and pressing the “head” of the wedge against the wall of the well and allows you to reliably fix the wedge in this position, since the wedging force of the rod 10 is many times greater than the axial force created by the fluid on the piston 11. At the same time, the deflecting forces arising in the wedge 1 (Fig. 1) during operation, act on the piston 11 (Fig. 2) not along its axis, but perpendicularly to the plane of the side cut 12 (Fig. 3) of the rod 10 without shifting the piston 11 (Fig. 2) in the starting position, and increasing the force of their fixation.

When cutting and drilling a sidetrack from an uncased section of the well, when these operations are carried out using a bit, the wedge 1 (Fig. 1) does not experience vibration and abrasion from the cutters, therefore, the wedge 1 and the stem 10 (Fig. 2) with the piston 11 can made of cheaper steel, and the fixing device 13 (Fig. 3) is made in the form of wedge angles of the beveled plane 9 of the wedge protrusion 8 and a side cut 12 of the rod 10 equal to or smaller than the jamming angle.

In the process of constructing multilateral wells, “windows” are opened, factory-made in the casing wall and covered with a fiberglass plastic shell, then sidetracking and drilling. In these cases, the wedge 1 (Fig. 1) does not experience the abrasive effect of the cutters, but experiences strong vibration, therefore, the fixing device 13 (Fig. 3) in such cases is performed in the form of notches on the side cut 12 of the rod 10. The rod 10 itself with the piston 11 made of harder metal. The notches under the action of a large bursting force are pressed into the beveled plane 9 (Fig. 3) of the wedge protrusion 8 and securely fix the wedge 1 (Fig. 1) in a position pressed against the well wall.

In the most common cases when the “window” is milled in the wall of the casing, the wedge 1 (Fig. 1) experiences strong vibration and abrasion due to the operation of the cutters, so the wedge 1 is made of metal with a hardness equal to or greater than the hardness of the casing. In this case, the rod 10 (figure 2) with the piston 11 is made of softer metal without notches on the side cut 12 (figure 3). The notches made on the beveled plane 9 (FIG. 3) of the wedge protrusion 8 under the action of the wedge 1 (FIG. 1) reacting to the bursting force of the rod 10 (FIG. 2) with the piston 11 are digged into the side cut 12 (FIG. 3) of the rod 10, reliably holding the piston 11 in its highest position, thereby preventing it from sliding down due to vibration.

In special cases, when additional metal may appear in the “window” zone in the form of a technical string, casing centralizer or step cementing clutch, wedge 1 (Fig. 1) experiences very strong vibration and abrasive action of the milling cutters during milling of the “window”. In these cases, to securely hold the wedge 1 in a position pressed against the well wall, the fixing device 13 (Fig. 3) is made in the form of notches on the side cut 12 of the rod 10 and the beveled plane 9 of the lower wedge protrusion 8.

To simplify the design of the deviation unit and the wedge support and the manufacturing technology, it is possible to make notches 13 (FIG. 3) from the wedge protrusion 8 or / and the side cut 12 of the rod 10 fixed on the beveled plane 9 than the rod 10 and the wedge 1 (FIG. 1), material. Technically, this is done in two ways:

1) in the form of an integral connection (soldering, welding, gluing, etc.) of notches on one of the surfaces 9 (Fig. 3) or 12, or both at once - 9 and 12;

2) in the form of a detachable connection (press-in, screw-in, etc., plates with notches made of metal harder than the metal of the rod and wedge, using screws, carbide screws or carbide teeth acting as notches), notches on one of the surfaces 9 or 12, or both at once - 9 and 12.

After installing and fixing the wedge 1 (Fig. 1), in the position pressed against the borehole wall by tensioning the drill pipe string, the hollow shear bolt 6 is cut off, releasing the milling assembly with the milling cutter 5. Next, the well is washed, the milling cutters are rotated and the “window” is milled and the side cut the trunk.

Thus, the execution of the rod 10 (figure 2) with the piston 11 as one continuous cylinder, combined with the fixing device 13 (figure 3), allows to simplify the design of the support node, to increase its strength, reliability and reduce overall dimensions.

The implementation of the channel 7 (figure 1) for supplying fluid from the drill pipe through the cutter 5, the wedge 1 and the sub 2 into the profile pipe 3 in the form of a high-pressure pipe can reduce the number of hydraulic connections, simplify the design of the device and its manufacturing technology. All this significantly increases the reliability of the device and reduces its cost.

The appearance in the device of a new element - a wedge protrusion 8 (figure 2), directed downward, with a beveled plane 9 (figure 3), facing the opposite guide surface of the wedge 1 (figure 1) and interacting with the upper part of the rod 10 (figure 2) ) the piston 11 is not at close range, as in the prototype, but in the wedge spacer, and new connections between these elements increases the force of deflection and pressing of the "head" of the wedge to the wall of the well, and the fixing device 13 (Fig. 3) placed on the interacting planes 9 and 12, simplifies the design of the support assembly and improves the ability to fix the wedge in a position pressed against the wall of the well during the entire construction cycle of the sidetrack. At the same time, the locking elements 13 do not experience any bending, tensile, or torsional forces, but only compressive, which allows them to be made less metal-intensive, more technological, without compromising their reliability.

The proposed device due to the simplification of the design of the node of the deviation and support of the wedge and hydraulic conduit allows to reduce the cost of its manufacture, while increasing reliability and performance. Increasing the effort of deflecting and pressing the “head” of the wedge against the wall of the borehole and reliably fixing it in this position during the entire construction cycle of the sidetrack allows cutting and drilling the sidetrack in any direction in azimuth from the main one, reducing the accident rate and the cost of building sidetracks.

Claims (6)

1. A device for drilling sidetracks from a well, including a deflecting wedge with a fixing mechanism in the form of a corrugated pipe, one end of which is plugged, between which there is an adapter, a movable connection between the sub and the wedge, a fixing assembly for the deflecting wedge installed in the sub and made in the form a fixing device and a piston with a rod placed in the hydraulic cylinder, the cavity of which is in communication with the cavity of the corrugated pipe, while the upper part of the rod is installed with the possibility of interaction action with the lower part of the wedge from the side of its guide plane, a cutting tool attached to the upper part of the deflecting wedge by means of a shear bolt, a channel for supplying fluid connecting the cavity of the drill pipe and the cavity of the cutting tool with the cavity of the corrugated pipe, characterized in that the channel for supplying fluid made in the form of a feed tube, and the lower part of the wedge from the side of its guide surface is made in the form of a wedge protrusion directed downward, with a beveled plane facing opposite to the surface of the wedge, while the upper part of the rod is made in the form of a side cut made with the possibility of interaction with the beveled plane of the wedge, between which the fixing device is placed. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the fixing device is made in the form of wedge angles of the beveled plane of the wedge and a side cut of the rod equal to or less than the angle of jamming. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the fixing device is made in the form of notches on the side section of the rod. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the fixing device is made in the form of notches on the beveled plane of the wedge. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the fixing device is made in the form of notches on the side section of the rod and the beveled plane of the wedge. 6. The device according to claim 3, or 4, or 5, characterized in that the notches on the side section of the rod and / or the tapered plane of the wedge are made of material that is more solid than the rod and wedge fixed on these surfaces.

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