RU2363139C1 - Loading aggregate multifunction - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: aggregate includes power facility in the form of tractor, outfitted by leading frontal lifting facility with fork-bucket catch and back separator- shredder of ensilage and pressed stalk-like feed. Separator- shredder includes mill-drum, installed on arm rotary by means of hydrocylinders relative to frame, suspended on hinged system of tractor. On frame it is located bevel gear speed reducer, connected to power take-off shaft of tractor by drive shaft, and with mill-drum by two V-belt and chain drives.

EFFECT: aggregate excluding re-equipening oprovides implementation of wide range of works.

4 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to mechanical engineering for livestock and feed production, in particular to loaders of feed and other materials.

Known front-end loader, on the back of the bucket which is installed a separating device in the form of circular knives, cutting off a layer of silo in the form of a mat from the top of the shoulder to the floor (German patent, MKI A01F 25/20. Application No. 053223537. Publication 83.12.29 No. 52), which is then picked up from the storage floor by a 180 ° bucket.

The disadvantage of this device is the narrow technological possibility: it cuts off without significant grinding and loads only finely divided silage feed.

One of the closest analogues is a loader (patent No. 2280352, published July 27, 2006, Bull. No. 21), equipped with an additional arrow fixed with the possibility of rotation with the help of hydraulic cylinders on a lifting device, while at the end of an additional arrow a screw-chain a saw working tool that allows you to cut in the pile from top to floor portions of material of large thickness. The loader cuts the cut-off material with a bucket or fork for parts into vehicles.

The disadvantage of this device is a narrow technological opportunity: cuts off without grinding and load only finely ground silage feed.

One of its close analogues is the PSK-5 stalk feed loader, mounted on the tractor’s hydraulic hitch at the rear, consisting of a frame, a boom with a drum, a receiving bucket, a fan-thrower with an unloading pipe and a drive. The milled ground mass is discarded along the guide tray into the receiving bucket of the loader, where a screw with double-sided winding is placed. The auger collects and feeds the mass into the thrower receiving window, from where the mass is sent to the vehicles through the discharge pipe.

The disadvantage of such a loader is the complexity and bulkiness of the design, as well as insufficient technological capabilities, it could not be used for loading bulk feed (feed).

To eliminate this drawback, the multifunctional loading unit, including an energy tool (tractor) and a front loading device, which is equipped with a fork-bucket gripper, and a separator-grinder, which includes a milling drum mounted on the boom, can be rotated with hydraulic cylinders at the back of the energy tool relative to the frame mounted on the tractor attachment system and equipped with a bevel gear connected to the tractor PTO by a cardan shaft and with a two-claw milling drum temporary and chain gears, and the chain drive of the milling drum drive is equipped with a cutting chain, part of the cheeks of which are made in the form of hooks for selecting the mass in front of the milling drum sprocket, and the fork-bucket grip is equipped with lower and two side fingers, a solid bottom, rear and two side walls, and the length of the bottom and side walls is approximately half the length of the lower fingers, and is fixed to the front loading means through the adapter frame with a finger clip controlled by hydraulic cylinders, is constantly connected bubbled with hydraulic power tools.

The rear separator-grinder of silo and pressed stalked feeds, driven by the tractor PTO, cuts and grinds the material without destroying the “monolith” and dumps it onto the floor, from where, when necessary, the unit, turning around 180 °, picks up and loads it into feed distributors or means of transport. The rear hitch of the separator-grinder driven by a rear independent PTO simplifies the design and its aggregation with any tractor of class 0.6-1.4 without any modification, in particular hydraulic systems, and also improves the distribution of the mass of the unit along the tractor axes, which increases the load capacity front loading means and, consequently, its performance as a whole, and the equipment of the front loading means with a fork-bucket gripper, which allows loading all types of feed, including bulk feed, expanding technological capabilities of the unit.

Figure 1 shows a General view of the unit loading multifunctional.

In Fig.2 is a cutting chain drive a milling drum of a multi-functional loading unit.

Figure 3 - fork-bucket grip of the multi-functional loading unit.

The multi-functional loading unit (Fig. 1) contains an energy tool - a tractor 1, a front loading device 2 with a fork-bucket gripper and a rear chopper-separator, including a milling drum 3 mounted on the boom 4, with the possibility of rotation with the help of hydraulic cylinders 5 relative to the frame 6, mounted on a tractor attachment system and equipped with a bevel gear 7, connected to the tractor PTO by a driveshaft 8 and a milling drum with two V-belt 9 and chain 10 gears.

The chain drive of the frezbara drive is equipped with a cutting chain (figure 2), part of the cheeks of which is made in the form of hooks 11 for mass selection in front of the frezar drum sprocket.

Fork-bucket capture (figure 3) includes a transition frame 12 with a finger clamp 13, controlled by hydraulic cylinders 14, a frame 15 with lower 16 and side 17 fingers, rear 18 and two side walls 19 and the bottom 20. Equipping the forks with solid side and the rear walls provides an extension of the technological capabilities of the loader, so it can load not only root crops and stalked feed, but also bulk materials. Placing a finger clamp on the adapter frame with hydraulic cylinders simplifies the replacement of replaceable working bodies: fork-bucket gripper, bucket, forks, dozer blade, etc., since in this case it is not necessary to disconnect the hydraulic cylinders from the tractor hydraulic system. The hinge of interchangeable working bodies to the transition frame is quick-detachable.

The operation of the unit is as follows. When loading pre-loosened or loose feed, the unit operates in the normal mode of a front-end loader. The rear separator-grinder in this case acts as a counterweight. If the feed is loaded from silo trenches or piles of pressed rolls and bales, the machine is backed up with the milling drum raised so that the milling depth is 0.5-0.75 milling drum diameters. Then the milling drum is turned on and the handle of the energy distributor (tractor) hydrodistributor is put into the “floating” position. The drum drum, descending under its own mass, outlining the path along the arc, cuts and grinds the material and dumps it down onto the storage floor, leaves a clean cut on the “monolith”, which reduces feed losses from secondary fermentation. After selection of the required amount of material from the storage with grinding, the unit is deployed and the fork-bucket grip of the front loading means is partially loaded into vehicles.

Pressed stalks of feed pressed into rolls or bales from storages are selected in the same way without first removing the binding material.

The degree of feed grinding achieved at the same time ensures the operability of all existing types of feed dispensers for cattle farms, which excludes the use of manual labor when feeding animals.

Compared with prototypes, the proposed device allows you to expand the technological capabilities of the unit without additional equipment of an energy tool (tractor) with additional hydraulic systems. On livestock farms, when equipped with serial front-end loaders, the proposed device can do with one loading unit on one tractor instead of two loaders with two tractors.

Claims (4)

1. A multi-functional loading unit, including an energy tool - a tractor and a front loading device, characterized in that the front loading device is equipped with a fork-bucket gripper, and a separator-chopper is installed at the back of the energy tool, including a drum, mounted on the boom with the possibility of turning with with the help of hydraulic cylinders relative to the frame hung on the tractor hinged system and equipped with a bevel gear connected to the tractor PTO by a driveshaft and with a milling bar ban the two V-belt and chain drives. 2. The multifunctional loading aggregate according to claim 1, characterized in that the chain drive of the milling drum drive is equipped with a cutting chain, part of the cheeks of which is made in the form of hooks for mass selection in front of the milling drum sprocket. 3. The multi-purpose loading assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that the fork-bucket grip is equipped with lower and two side fingers, a solid bottom, a rear and two side walls, the length of the bottom and side walls being approximately half the length of the lower fingers. 4. The multifunctional loading assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that the fork-bucket grip is mounted on the front loading means through the adapter frame with a finger clamp controlled by hydraulic cylinders permanently connected to the hydraulic system of the power tool.

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