RU2362744C2 - Device for dehydration of loose materials - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: technological processes, filters.

SUBSTANCE: invention is related to devices for dehydration of loose materials and may be used in coal, mining and other industry, where water is used for transportation and enrichment of loose material. Device for dehydration of loose materials includes body of perforated walls, vertical reservoir and body bottom with lock, at that body bottom is equipped with water-outlet gutter, external and internal walls of body are made of three rows, vertically installed rods, cross beams and strainers, vertically installed opening sieve, at that opening sieve is rigidly fixed to external row of rods on internal side of body, and rods of medium and internal rows of reservoir create wall of opening sieve protective barrier.

EFFECT: increased reliability of bunker operation, reduced labor-intensiveness of its maintenance, higher efficiency and throughput capacity.

5 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to devices and can be used in coal, mining and other industries where water is used to transport and enrich bulk material.

A known installation for mechanical wastewater treatment [1], intended for use at urban aeration stations instead of sand traps and primary settlers for the separation of coarse particulate impurities larger than 2 mm from domestic wastewater, as well as primary dewatering of sediments of primary settlers and the separation of activated sludge from biochemically oxidized domestic wastewater, including a closed housing, a wastewater supply hopper, a filter sheet of the original profile with a variable radius of curvature, located on the support a frame, a system for supplying and distributing wastewater, a screw for unloading trapped impurities or compacted sludge, a drum filter, an exhaust ventilation system, characterized in that the upper edge of the support frame of the filter cloth is structurally attached to the assembled retractable rack, and the angle of inclination of the upper part of the filter profile canvases can vary with respect to the vertical within 15 °. The surface of the filter cloth has a roughness, estimated by the parameter R _a , not more than 0.040 μm and a reflection coefficient K _{otr of} not less than 0.50. The air is removed from the closed housing directly in the nodes of the supply and discharge of sewage and sludge.

A known installation for mechanical wastewater treatment [2], which includes a closed housing, a wastewater supply hopper, a filter cloth having a profile with a variable radius of curvature located on a support frame, a system for supplying, distributing and discharging wastewater, a screw for unloading delayed impurities or compacted sediment and exhaust ventilation system. The upper edge of the supporting frame of the filter cloth is structurally attached to the assembled retractable rack, and the angle of inclination of the upper part of the filter cloth profile relative to the vertical can vary from 30 to 45 °. EFFECT: mechanical treatment of wastewater from coarse dispersed impurities and preliminary dewatering of sludge of primary settlers and activated sludge in one installation, ensuring regulation of the degree of wastewater treatment depending on the type of contaminants, continuous self-cleaning of the filter cloth and environmental safety of the installation.

A device for cleaning wastewater and other liquids [3], which includes a vertical filter housing and a hydrocyclone, a stationary vertical filter element with a scraper element mounted on a rotating shaft, means for collecting sludge, inlet and outlet pipes. The filter element is made in the form of a perforated drum with filter material. The filter is equipped with a separator located on the shaft in the center of the drum, made in the form of two coaxial shells interconnected by transfer slots. The scraper element is attached to the outer shell and is made in the form of diametrically arranged pipes with longitudinal slots or half pipes. Direct-flow hydrocyclone is installed in the separator coaxially with it and connected to the filter cover. The inner tube of the hydrocyclone in its lower part is perforated, and the filter housing and the filter element are connected to the sediment collecting means, made in the form of a hopper. Pipes with longitudinal slits or half pipes are additionally equipped with controllers of the working layer on the filter surface, containing cutting parts in the head along the side of the scraper rotation, and ironing devices in the tail part.

A device for cleaning wastewater and other liquids [4], which includes a filter housing, a stationary vertical element with a scraper element centrally mounted on a rotating shaft, means for collecting sludge, inlet and outlet pipes. The filter element is made in the form of a perforated drum with filter material. The scraper element is made in the form of a vertical perforated drum fixed to the shaft by means of a spider with two or more blades made in the form of a cylindrical cutter. In this case, the casing in the upper part is equipped with a distribution chamber, and the lower part of the casing is connected to the sediment collecting means, made in the form of a hopper, and the lower part of the fixed drum. The blades of the cutter are equipped with controllers of the working layer on the filtering surface.

Known filtering device [5], which can be used mainly for water treatment in livestock complexes. The filtering device is made in the form of a well, over the mouth of which a hopper is mounted with batch loading elements of granular granular material, and the lower part of the well is opened with an adit for the task of filtrate and spent filter material, and a vibrating platform with a vibrator is installed at the interface between the well and the adit, and the exit window for unloading the granular material is closed for the filtrate to pass through a flexible partition that pops up on the granular material during vibration. The device can be equipped with additional bins with batch loading elements of neutralizing components. The lower part of the well can be opened by a mine equipped with a skip installation.

A device for treating wastewater and other liquids [6] for cleaning and clarifying wastewater of various origins and other liquids from external particles of impurities, which contains a cylinder-conical hydrocyclone with a cover, with a tangential feed pipe and with an axial sludge and drain pipes, drain chamber with a filter element and a scraper device, the hydrocyclone drain pipe is made curved and connected in series with a distributor and a drain chamber made in the form of a hollow stationary vertical Nogo perforated drum with a filtering material mounted coaxially to the distributor and parallel hydrocyclone concluded in the filtrate chamber body and comprising a centrally arranged drive shaft with a crosspiece and on which the scrapers are arranged diametrically made in the form of pipes with longitudinal slots or half-tube. The conical part of the hydrocyclone and the bottom of the drain chamber are connected in parallel with the hopper for collecting and dewatering sludge. Also provided are controllers of the working layer on the filter surface mounted on pipes with slots or half pipes.

A device is known for pretreatment of wastewater by filtration [7] for purification of coarse suspended industrial wastewater with a high content of suspended solids with high adhesive properties, i.e. wastewater from the meat, food and other industries into which wastewater is supplied through a pipeline to the inner surface of the filter drum driven by a drive. The drum is immersed in its lower part in the filtrate. Solid impurities from the inner surface of the drum are captured by the shelves. The shelves are fixed in hinges and are pressed by torsion springs forward along the rotation of the drum. The position of the shelf during the rotation of the drum optimally ensures the capture of impurities in the filtering zone, their removal during the movement of the shelf up, the effective unloading of waste into the hopper, regeneration with a brush shaft. During the movement of the shelf above the hopper, impurities slide into the hopper and are removed from the device by a screw. A tap is provided to empty the device.

A device for dewatering slag [8] is known, which consists of storage bins, a clarified water chamber, slag pulp supply pipelines, a slide shut-off device for releasing dehydrated slag, disk filters, compressed air pipelines, and a filtering device valve for draining water. Due to the additional drainage of water from the hopper with the help of a disk filter, the quality of dehydration and its speed are improved.

These devices are complex in design, require large expenses during operation, do not have high reliability.

A device for the dehydration of bulk materials [9], which is an inclined hopper with double inclined upper and lower walls, made of sheet steel, the inner inclined walls of which are perforated and with some clearance with respect to the outer solid walls of the hopper, while the space between the upper the inclined wall and the sieve serves as an air channel, and between the lower waterproof wall and the sieve it serves as a drain channel.

A device [10] is known, comprising a vertical container with double walls, of which the inner wall is perforated and the outer waterproof, which serves to collect and drain water.

These devices can only be used for the dehydration of pre-deflated materials or with a negligible content.

A device for the dewatering of small bulk materials, made in the form of a vertical tank with a double bottom and walls, of which the inner wall is fully or partially composed of porous filter material [11], pre-lined.

A disadvantage of the known device is the need for periodic cleaning of the filter layer, for which nozzles are installed that complicate the design.

The closest technical solution adopted for the prototype is a device for dewatering granular materials [12], containing a container divided by perforated walls into a central and peripheral chamber, a conical bottom with a shutter in the form of a perforated disk attached to the central chamber. Means for feeding pulp, sieves located under the chambers, the sieve located above the central chamber having a conical shape and made with cells smaller than the sieve located above the peripheral camera.

The known device has a small throughput surface of the perforated walls and sieves, which reduces its performance and the release of material from the peripheral chamber is difficult.

The proposed technical device solves the problem of dehydration of bulk pulp materials, clarifying water, reducing the complexity of its maintenance, increasing productivity and throughput of the hopper.

The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that the conical bottom is equipped with a drainage chute and the outer and inner walls of the housing are made of three rows, vertically mounted rods, transverse beams and ties, a vertically arranged shalt sieve, and the shalt sieve is rigidly attached to the outer row of rods from the inside of the housing and the rods of the middle and inner rows of the tank form the wall of the protective fence of the balet sieve.

The width of the gaps between the rods in the rows is not more than half the size of the maximum piece of bulk material.

The middle row of rods is separated from the filter (sieve) mesh (sieve) by a distance of at least half the size of the maximum piece of bulk material.

The radius between the middle and inner rows forming the fencing of the bobbin screen is not more than three quarters in radius of the gap between the rods in the rows.

The rods of the inner row are installed in the gaps of the rods of the middle row.

The proposed technical solution allows you to form a filter layer of large pieces of material on the fence when filling the tank, compact the material in its center and press water out to the periphery with compressed air, as well as intensify the discharge of material from the hopper. The filter layer is updated as it is released and allows water clarification. A finer fraction of bulk material than the minimum gap between the rods of the internal fence is delayed by a bobbin sieve and discharged as the material is discharged from the container when it is shaken, which greatly simplifies its design and reduces the complexity of its maintenance. The use of bobbin sieves increases the capacity of the tank.

Figure 1 shows a section of a device for dehydration of bulk materials, side view.

Figure 2 presents a section bB of figure 1.

Figure 3 - node In figure 1.

The device consists of a vertical tank 1 having an outer 2 and an inner 3 walls made of three rows of vertically mounted rods 4, transverse beams 5, screeds 6, as well as a shalt sieve 7 located between them. The conical bottom 8 is provided with a shutter 9 and a drainage channel 10 .

The rods 4 of the inner wall 3 are installed in two rows and serve as a fence shaltovogo sieve 7 from the impacts of pieces of falling material.

The gaps between the rods in the rows of fencing c + c are larger than the gaps between adjacent rods of the rows d, since the rods of the rows are installed symmetrically in the spaces of the rods of the adjacent row and at a radius of no more than three quarters of the width of the gap between the rods of the rows.

The operation of the device is as follows.

Bulk material with water supplied to the tank 1 is deposited in its central zone, water is drained through the material and drains to the bale sieve 7 on its surface, is clarified and flows along its (its) outer side into the chute 10, from where it enters the sump. Large pieces of material due to its precipitated natural slope in the center of the tank slide to the inner wall 3, where they linger on the fence, forming a filter layer to clarify the water. The pieces of material that passed through the fence to the bobbin case 7, when unloaded, are returned back through the gaps of the fence, which ensures a change in the filter layer of the material without additional labor.

Water drains from the device through the material, the filter layer and the fence, is clarified and discharged through the chute 10, and the loaded material is dehydrated to the required humidity and discharged through the shutter 9 in the bottom 8.

List of sources used

1. Application No. 2004126054 of the Russian Federation, IPC C02F1 / 52, B01D 35/027. Installation for mechanical wastewater treatment. / Applicant OOO "INEX"; declared 2004.08.25. Publ. 2006.02.10.

2. RF patent 2280618, IPC C02F1 / 52, B01D 35/027. Installation for mechanical wastewater treatment. - No. 2004126054/15; applicant G.V.Shishlo; declared 2004.08.25. Publ. 2006.07.27.

3. RF patent 2094087, IPC B01D 25/38. A device for treating wastewater and other liquids. - No. 5039344/25; Applicant Leningrad branch of the joint Soviet-American-Polish enterprise Ankor; declared 1992.03.09. Publ. 1997.10.27.

4. Patent 2091122 of the Russian Federation, IPC B01D 25/38. A device for treating wastewater and other liquids. - No. 5039343/25; applicant Leningrad branch of the joint Soviet-American-Polish enterprise Ankor; declared 1992.03.09. Publ. 1997.10.27.

5. Application No. 95111477/25 of the Russian Federation, IPC B01D 24/44. Filtering device. / Applicant AOZT Golden Rain; declared 1995.07.04. Publ. 1997.06.20.

6. RF patent 2069105, IPC V04C 9/00. A device for treating wastewater and other liquids. - No. 5039343/25; Applicant Leningrad branch of the joint Soviet-American-Polish enterprise Ankor; declared 1992.03.09. Publ. 1996.11.20.

7. Patent 2069105 of the Russian Federation, IPC B01D 33/06. Device for pretreatment of wastewater by filtration. - No. 4949628/26; Applicant All-Russian Research Institute of the Meat Industry; declared 1991.06.26. Publ. 19

8. Patent 2014289 of the Russian Federation IPC C02F 11/12. A device for dewatering slag - No. 5044301/26; applicant Siberian Metallurgical Institute; declared 1992.05.26. Publ. 1994.06.15.

9. Battaglia A. Dehydration of enrichment products and circulation of washing water. - M .: Nedra, 1967. - P.73-76.

10. A.S. USSR No. 603427. A device for dewatering coarse materials. 1978. Bull. No. 15.

11. Kirzkhberg G. Mineral processing. - M.: Gosgortekhizdat, 1960 .-- 351 p.

12. A.S. USSR No. 1503834. Device for dewatering granular materials. 1989. Bull. Number 32.

Claims (5)

1. A device for dewatering bulk materials, comprising a housing of perforated walls, a housing bottom with a shutter, characterized in that the conical bottom is equipped with a drainage channel and the outer and inner walls of the housing are made of three rows, vertically mounted rods, transverse beams and ties, vertically located shpaltovogo sieve, moreover, the shaltovy sieve is rigidly attached to the outer row of rods on the inner side of the housing, and the rods of the middle and inner rows of the tank form the wall of the protective spall sieve. 2. The device for dehydration of bulk materials according to claim 1, characterized in that the width of the gaps between the rods in the rows is not more than half the size of the maximum piece of bulk material. 3. The device for dewatering bulk materials according to claim 1, characterized in that the middle row of rods is separated from the bobbin sieve at a distance of at least half the size of the maximum piece of bulk material. 4. The device for dehydration of bulk materials according to claim 1, characterized in that the distance between the middle and inner rows forming the fencing of the bobbin sieve, the radius is not more than three quarters of the gap between the rods in the rows. 5. The device for dewatering bulk materials according to claim 1, characterized in that the rods of the inner row are installed symmetrically in the spaces of the rods of the middle row.

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