RU2361482C2 - Producing feed method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agriculture, animal agriculture, and in particular, to the technology and equipment for producing feed and can be used on livestock farms, farm ranches and etc. Method comprises loading feed into chopper, chopping, soaking it, heating, holding and unloading it. Chopping feed is started with shredding in air medium and is followed by micronising in fluid medium, heating, viscolising and cooking it. Cooking, micronising, heating and viscolising feed are carried out using disperser by way of passing multiply copped mixture for 5-20 minutes over the cycle capacity for water and chopped feed - disperser - cooling unit - capacity for water and copped feed. Water and chopped feed mixture temperature of 30-80 degrees C is maintained. Multiply passing chopped mixture over the cycle is carried out by way of dosed supplying chopped feed using control valve. Water and chopped feed mixture temperature is maintained by changing opening area of control valve, fixed on the pipeline connecting disperser with cooling unit, or by way of changing electric drive engine speed.

EFFECT: deriving feed with increased absorbency level.

7 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, to livestock, in particular to technology and devices for preparing feed, and can be used on livestock farms, farms, etc.

A device is known by which the grinding of plant materials is carried out, containing metal millstones with an abrasive coating applied to their working surface and a working zone made in the form of a truncated cone, the upper millstone being installed with the possibility of movement along the axis of rotation between the lower and upper stops, and a sieve in the form of a perforated ring is rigidly fixed to the lower millstone; moreover, the upper stopper is supported by a slider mounted on the rotation shaft on the side of the upper millstone on the cat levers pivotally mounted levers, one of the ends of which freely touches the upper millstone, and on the second there is a load with the possibility of movement along the axis of the lever (see patent No. 2228795, M. class. 7 B02C 7/14. Publ. 13.05.2003) .

The disadvantages of the known technology using the known device include coarse grinding of feed and the impossibility of fine grinding.

There is a method of preparing expanded feed, comprising dosing the introduction of bulk components, liquid additives, water and / or steam into an air conditioning mixer, mixing and expanding, while in the air conditioning mixer, the main processes of mixing the bulk components of animal feed and liquid additives and conditioning the mixture are combined subsequent curing of the mixture before expansion in a continuous feeder-curer. Mixing and conditioning is carried out portionwise in a fluidized bed, while the mixing and conditioning time does not exceed 4 minutes, aging - 6 minutes, temperature of the mixture 60-87 degrees C, humidity up to 22% (see application No. 2004103663/13, M. cl. 7 A23K 1/14).

The disadvantages of the known device, by which the method of preparation of feed is carried out, include limited technological capabilities, i.e. according to known technology, it is impossible to prepare finely ground feed from plant materials, herbs, vegetables and other components requiring finer grinding.

Known feed chopper, with which feeds, including vegetable origin, are chopped, including a base on which a feeder is mounted, made in the form of a conveyor, at the outlet of which there is an opposing plate and a chopping drum, while the knives have chevron blades forming with opposing plate two angles. Chopped feed is discharged using a conveyor (see Utility Model Patent No. 37450 dated April 11, 2002, M. Cl. 7 AF 29/00).

The disadvantages of the known technology of grinding and device include coarse grinding of feed, leading to a sufficiently low digestibility by animals, high energy consumption in the preparation of feed.

A device that implements the technology of steaming feed - steamer feed - prototype (see patent of the Russian Federation No. 2241358, M. Cl. A23N 17/00, Publ. 01.04.2002), including mounted on the frame rotary, horizontally located, a cylindrical sealed drum with a loading hatch, a rectangular blade fixed on the inner surface of the drum, adjacent side to the bottom of the drum along the half-chord of the bottom, and a peripheral end to the side surface of the drum along the surface forming this surface, the screw is placed between the drum bottoms, coaxial to the last, a groove made on the blade along its entire width with the coverage of the screw and an unloading hatch made on one of the drum bottoms opposite the end of the screw, while a second second blade similar to the first one is fixed on the inner surface of the drum with a groove also made along the entire width with the coverage of the screw, while the second blade adjoins the second bottom of the drum, is installed relative to the first on the other side of the screw, while the steamer is equipped with a device for fixing the shaft of the screw alternately relative drum or rack in the angular direction of the screw shaft is formed as a perforated tube communicating with paropodvodyaschey pipe, and the width of blades is equal to half the distance between the bottoms of the drum. The proposed steamer, in addition to direct steaming of the feed, ensures their grinding by the blades.

The disadvantages of the prototype include the fact that steaming vegetable feed with steam heated to a high temperature of 100 degrees C or more leads to the loss of biologically active substances by feed, and grinding by the blades with the help of a screw only leads to rough grinding of feed and, accordingly, their low digestibility by animals , as well as low efficiency of their use.

The technical task of the present invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of the prototype, in particular increasing the digestibility of feed by animals, due to finer grinding and simultaneous steaming of feed while reducing cooking time and preserving biologically active substances in the prepared feed mixture.

The technical problem posed by the invention is achieved in that the feed is ground first by coarse grinding in air, then by fine grinding in a liquid medium, homogenization and steaming, while steaming, fine grinding, heating of the feed and homogenization is carried out simultaneously using a dispersant, skipping repeatedly ground the mixture for 5-20 minutes in a vicious circle: a tank for water and chopped feed - a dispersant - a cooler - a tank for water and chopped feed, while The temperature of the mixture of water and crushed feed is maintained in the range from 30 to 80 degrees C, and fine grinding and homogenization of feed is carried out at 2000-8000 revolutions of the impeller shaft per minute.

Multiple transmission of the crushed mixture in a vicious circle is carried out by dosing the crushed feed using a control valve mounted on a pipe connecting the dispersant to the cooler.

The temperature of the mixture of water and chopped feed is maintained by changing the flow area of the control valve mounted on the pipeline connecting the dispersant to the cooler.

The temperature of the crushed feed is maintained by changing the speed of the electric motor.

The temperature of the ground feed is maintained by changing the volume of coolant passed through the cooler.

The disperser drive motor is made reversible and is equipped with a button for turning on the reverse rotation of the motor shaft for a fixed (predetermined) period of time

The removal of homogenized feed from the cooler is carried out by drawing the feed with the dispersant turned on, using a pipeline connecting the pipeline from the dispersant to the cooler and the pipeline from the tank to the dispersant.

The novelty of the invention is that the grinding of feed is carried out first by coarse grinding in air, then fine grinding in a liquid medium, homogenization and steaming, while steaming, fine grinding, heating of the feed and homogenization is carried out simultaneously using a dispersant, skipping the repeatedly crushed mixture within 5-20 minutes in a vicious circle: a tank for water and chopped feed - a dispersant - a cooler - a tank for water and chopped feed, while the temperature of the mixture and water and chopped feed support in the range from 30 to 80 degrees C, and fine grinding and homogenization of feed is carried out at 2000-8000 revolutions of the impeller shaft per minute.

These signs are new, non-obvious, significant and aimed at achieving the technical task set by the invention.

So, the implementation of one-time coarse and multiple fine grinding with heating, steaming the feed and homogenizing the feed with the help of the mechanisms formed in the device, forming a vicious circle, consisting of a tank, dispersant and cooler and pipelines (feed pipelines) connecting them, allows for multiple passage and grinding feed in a mixture of water after the initial coarse grinding them in this vicious circle, and intensive, with high speed mixing to grinding feed allows you to heat the feed to the desired temperature and maintain it during its preparation, and grinding the feed in water (in a liquid medium), bring it to a jelly-like state at 2000-8000 revolutions of the impeller shaft per minute, keeping all The original plant material is biologically active substances. Since during the intensive mixing on the dispersant blades and in the medium of the mixture of crushed feed, the cavitation effect occurs (soaking up air bubbles formed during intensive mixing), the soaking of air bubbles during cavitation creates a lot of peculiar mini-discharges and due to this the prepared feed mixture undergoes disinfection, which affects the duration of the preservation of feed in a usable state.

Signs of performing multiple passes of the crushed mixture in a vicious circle, carried out by dosing the crushed feed using a control valve mounted on the pipeline (feed pipe) connecting the dispersant to the cooler, and also that the temperature of the mixture of water and the crushed feed is maintained by changing the feed section of the control valve mounted on the feed pipe connecting the homogenizer to the cooler, or by changing the engine speed ektroprivoda while maintaining grinding mode are features further discloses main features that promote the achievement of the technical problem of the invention.

The combination of technological operations of high speed mixing, grinding and heating of feed with their simultaneous pumping through a tank, dispersant and cooler allows grinding, steaming of feed, homogenization and obtain highly assimilable jelly-like food in a few minutes.

The presence of a disperser drive electric motor, made reversible and equipped with a button for turning on the reverse rotation of the motor shaft for a fixed (predetermined) period of time, eliminates clogging by coarsely chopped feed outlet pipe.

The sign of removal of homogenized feed from the cooler, carried out by drawing the feed with the dispersant turned on, using a pipeline connecting the pipeline from the dispersant to the cooler and the pipeline from the tank to the dispersant, allows completely removing the prepared homogenized feed from the cooler, prevents the formation of residues in the cooler and, as a result, prevents their decay during further work.

An additional feature of the proposed feed preparation technology is the use of a dispersant as a heater for a mixture of water and feed and as a means for disinfecting feed.

The drawing schematically shows a fodder, with which the proposed method is carried out.

The feed preparation consists of a base 1, on which a container 2 is mounted with an inclined bottom with a coarse feed chopper 3 mounted on the side surface, connected by a pipe 4 for loading the coarsely ground feed into the container 2. The dispersant 5 is connected by a pipe 6 through a pipe 6 to a valve 7 with a container 2 and a pipe 8 through a valve 9 with a cooler 10. The pipe 8 is connected to the pipe 6 by an additional pipe 11 with a valve 12. The shaft of the dispersant 7 is connected to the electric motor via a rubber coupling 13. The cooler 10 is connected with a capacity of 2, at least one pipeline 15. On the housing of the dispersant 5, in its lower part, a pipe 16 is made with a valve 17 for the complete withdrawal of feed from the dispersant 5, and on the pipe 8 a valve 18 with a pipe 19 is mounted for unloading the prepared stern. In the cavity at the bottom of the tank 2 in front of the outlet pipe 7 with a valve for withdrawing feed from the tank 2, a labyrinth trap 20 is mounted to prevent clogging of the outlet by large fractions of the feed. The labyrinth trap 20 is made of a number of metal plates.

In the upper part of the tank 2 mounted pipe 21 with a valve for filling the tank with water from the water supply. In the lower part of the cooler 10 there is a pipe with a valve 22 for entering the cooler and regulating the volumes of coolant (for example, water) and a pipe 23 for leaving the coolant from the cooler. A control panel 24 is provided for controlling the feed preparation.

The proposed method of preparation of feed is as follows.

A hitch, for example, of roughage - grass, root crops, etc. - served on a coarse chopper 3, on which feed is crushed to the required size, and then, after grinding, through the pipe 4 enter the tank 2, pre-filled with the required amount of water. The dispersant 5 is turned on, in which, when the impeller rotates at a high speed (from 2000 to 8000 rpm), the feed begins to grind in a liquid medium, and the resulting feed mixture begins to heat up. After the first portions of the crushed feed have passed through the dispersant 5, they are fed under the pressure created by the impeller of the dispersant 5 through a pipe 8 through a control valve 9 to a cooler 10 and then through a pipe 15 to a container 2. Until the prepared feed mixture heats up to a predetermined temperature, the coolant is not supplied to cooler 10. After the feed mixture has heated to a predetermined temperature, but has not yet reached readiness - it has not been steamed, it starts to flow into the cooler 10 through the pipe with valve 22 l coolant, which is discharged from the cooler through the pipe 23. An option to maintain the temperature of the feed mixture may be the option of passing the feed from the dispersant 5 into the tank 2 through an additional pipeline, bypassing the cooler. After a predetermined period of time during which the preparation of the feed mixture takes place, the latter repeatedly passes in a vicious circle: the tank - dispersant - cooler - tank and has a uniform jelly-like appearance that is readily consumed by animals and is nutritious and highly digestible. Unloading of the finished feed mixture from the feed preparation is carried out through the valve 18 with the pipe 19 with the dispersant turned on, open valves 7 and 12 and a closed valve 9.

Cleaning the housing of the dispersant 5 and cooler 10 from the remnants of the feed mixture is carried out through the pipe 16 with open valves 12, 17 and a closed valve 9.

A specific example of the proposed method

A portion of coarse feed - grass, root crops with a total weight of 100 kg (grass 50 kg, root crops 50 kg), was fed to a coarse chopper 3, grinding feed in air. After the grass and root crops have been crushed to the required fractionality (to fragments of the required size), the resulting feed mixture through the pipe 4 is fed into a container 2, pre-filled with 300 liters of clean water. Dispersant 5 was turned on, in which the impeller began to rotate at a speed of 3000 rpm. In the case of rotation of the dispersant impeller of less than 2000 rpm, the grinding mass is heated slowly due to a decrease in the cavitation process and a reduction in the absorption of air bubbles. When the impeller rotates above 8000 rpm, the prepared feed mixture quickly heats up and there are difficulties with its cooling to a predetermined temperature during steaming. The feed mixture coming from the tank 2 through the valve 7 and the pipeline 6 to the dispersant 5, interacting in a liquid medium with the impeller of the dispersant, began to be further crushed, and the finer fodder mixture obtained at the outlet of the dispersant gradually began to heat up. After the first portions of the crushed feed passed dispersant 5, they were fed under pressure 8 created by the impeller of dispersant 5 through valve 8 to cooler 10. Until the prepared feed mixture reached a temperature of 65 degrees C, and this happened after after 4 minutes, cooling water was not supplied to the cooler. After the feed mixture has warmed up to a predetermined temperature of 65 degrees C, but has not yet reached readiness (has not been steamed and completely homogenized), water began to be supplied to the cooler 10 through the nozzle with valve 21 for cooling, which was discharged from the cooler through the nozzle 22 Multiple transmission of the crushed mixture, when controlling temperature and grinding, in a closed circle was controlled by the value of opening the passage opening of the control valve. If necessary, accelerated heating of the mixture, the flow cross section of the control valve was reduced, and when the temperature of the mixture reached a predetermined temperature and no further intensive heating was required, the flow cross section of the control valve was increased. In this case, the operations of grinding and homogenizing the mixture continued, i.e. after 4 minutes of operation, the flow area of the control valve was turned on to the maximum - fully opened.

In this case, the valve 18 of the outlet of the finished feed mixture is closed. After a predetermined period of time of 6 minutes has elapsed for a given composition of the feed mixture during which it was prepared, the latter repeatedly passed in a vicious circle: the tank — dispersant — cooler — tank, and after the preparation process had a uniform jelly-like greenish appearance that was readily used by animals , was a nutritious and highly digestible food. Unloading of the finished feed mixture from the tank 2 and from the cooler cavity 10 was carried out through the pipe 19 with the valve 18 open and valve 9 closed. The feed mixture was also prepared according to the proposed method at various speeds of the electric drive, which were transmitted to the impeller (2000, 3000, 6000, 8000 rev / min). The process of selecting the speed of the impeller depends on the feedstock. So, when preparing the feed mixture from dry raw materials, such as peas, the impeller speed must be increased.

The dispersant body 5 and cooler 10 were cleaned of residues of the feed mixture through the nozzle 16 with the valves 12, 16 open and the valve 9 closed. In cases where the feed mixture for some reason slowed down its movement through pipelines (for example, the inlet from containers in the dispersant), for a while include the reverse motion of the electric motor and the whole feed mixture begins to move in the opposite direction, eliminating the brewing clogging of the nozzle. After eliminating the blockage, the process of preparation of the feed mixture continues in the previous mode.

When grinding harder feeds, such as dry grain, peas, etc., using a variator (frequency converter), the speed of rotation of the impeller of the dispersant is increased, for example, to 5000 rpm. All other operations, excluding coarse grinding, are performed according to the technology described above.

The use of the proposed method is possible in the preparation of feed from bulk plant materials, grain, ears, etc.

Currently, the company has produced several prototypes of feed manufacturers, implementing the proposed method of preparation of feed, which undergo production tests at several farms.

Preliminary test results showed good results.

At the same time, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the preference for animal feed. For several days, the animals were alternately given roughage and feed mixture prepared according to the proposed technology.

Then, over the next few days, the animals were exposed to two types of prepared feed - coarsely ground feed and a feed mixture prepared according to the proposed technology - and allowed the animals to choose what kind of food they had.

Prepared by the proposed method, the jelly-like feed mixture was eaten by the animal in the first place and completely. A portion of the coarse feed mixture remained in the feeders. Observations of animals showed that when feeding them with a feed mixture prepared by the proposed method, the waste products of animal waste decreased, indicating a high digestibility of the feed mixture.

A decision was made to organize the production of feed manufacturers implementing the proposed technology.

Claims (7)

1. The method of preparation of feed, including loading the feed into the grinder, grinding, loading the feed into the tank, soaking, heating, aging and unloading, characterized in that the grinding of feed is carried out first by coarse grinding in air, then fine grinding in a liquid medium, homogenization and steaming, while steaming, fine grinding, heating the feed and homogenization are carried out simultaneously using a dispersant, passing the repeatedly crushed mixture for 5-20 minutes in a closed circle - tank l for water and chopped feed, a dispersant, a cooler, a container for water and chopped feed, while the temperature of the mixture of water and chopped feed is maintained in the range from 30 to 80 ° C, and fine grinding and homogenization of feed is carried out at 2000-8000 revolutions of the impeller shaft per minute. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the multiple passage of the crushed mixture in a vicious circle is carried out by dosing the crushed feed using a control valve mounted on a pipe connecting the dispersant to the cooler. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the temperature of the mixture of water and chopped feed is maintained by changing the flow area of the control valve mounted on the pipeline connecting the dispersant to the cooler. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the temperature of the crushed feed is maintained by changing the speed of the electric motor. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the temperature of the ground feed is maintained by changing the volume of coolant passed through the cooler. 6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the disperser drive motor is reversible and is equipped with a button for turning on the reverse rotation of the motor shaft for a fixed (predetermined) period of time. 7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the removal of homogenized feed from the cooler is carried out by drawing the feed with the dispersant turned on by using a pipe connecting the pipeline from the dispersant to the cooler and the pipeline from the tank to the dispersant.