RU2360578C2 - Facility for fodder preparation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to agriculture, to livestock farming, particularly to facilities for fodder preparation, and can be implemented on livestock farms, husbandries etc. The facility for fodder preparation consists of a shredder, a capacity for mixing water with shredded fodder, a device for heating and a branch for unloading prepared fodder mixture from the capacity. The fodder preparing facility is equipped with an additional device for shredding fodder by means of a disperser connected with the branch of fodder unloading from the capacity and with a cooler connected to the capacity. The disperser is made in form of a rotating propeller mounted on a shaft tied with an electric drive. A removable device preventing clogging of the branch with fodder is assembled in the capacity before the branch of unloading fodder from the capacity. The removable device is made in form of a row of successive assembled plates downstream fodder motion forming a labyrinth. The case of the fodder disperser is equipped with an additional branch for complete unloading of fodder from the case.

EFFECT: implementation of the invention facilitates upgraded degree of fodder shredding and also its digestibility.

9 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, livestock, in particular to devices for the preparation of feed, and can be used on livestock farms in farms, agricultural enterprises, etc.

A device is known by which the grinding of plant materials is carried out, containing metal millstones with an abrasive coating applied to their working surface and a working zone made in the form of a truncated cone, the upper millstone being installed with the possibility of movement along the axis of rotation between the lower and upper stops, and a sieve in the form of a perforated ring is rigidly fixed to the lower millstone; moreover, the upper stopper is supported by a slider mounted on the rotation shaft on the side of the upper millstone on the cat levers are pivotally mounted, one of the ends of which freely touches the upper millstone, and on the second a load is installed with the possibility of movement along the axis of the lever. See patent No. 2228795, M. cl. 7 В02С 7/14, publ. May 13, 2003

The disadvantages of the design of the known device include its complexity, rough grinding of feed and the impossibility of fine grinding of feed.

A known method of preparing expanded feed, comprising the dosed input of bulk components, liquid additives, water and / or steam into an air conditioning mixer, mixing and expansion. The known method is carried out using a mixer-conditioner by combining the main processes of mixing bulk solids of feed and liquid additives and conditioning the mixture, followed by aging the mixture before expansion in a continuous feeder. Mixing and conditioning are carried out portionwise in a fluidized bed, while the mixing and conditioning time does not exceed 4 minutes, aging - 6 minutes, the temperature of the mixture 60-87 degrees C, humidity up to 22%. See application No. 2004103663/13, M. cl. 7 A23K 1/14.

The disadvantages of the known device for the preparation of feed include limited technological capabilities, i.e. according to the known technology it is impossible to prepare finely ground feed from plant materials, herbs, vegetables and other components that require finer grinding for better subsequent absorption by animals.

Known feed chopper, with the help of which grinding of feed, including plant origin, is carried out, including a base on which a feeder is mounted, made in the form of a conveyor, at the outlet of which there is an opposing plate and a grinding drum, while the knives have chevron blades forming with opposing plate two angles. Chopped feed is discharged using a conveyor. See patent for utility model No. 37450, M. cl. 7 A F 29/00 of 04/11/2002

The disadvantages of the known technology of grinding and device include coarse grinding of feed, leading to a sufficiently low digestibility by animals, high energy consumption in the preparation of feed.

A device that implements the technology of steaming feed - steamer feed - prototype (see patent of the Russian Federation No. 2241358, M. CL A23N 17/00, publ. 01.04.2002), including mounted on the frame of a rotary horizontally located cylindrical sealed drum with a loading hatch, a rectangular blade fixed on the inner surface of the drum, adjacent side to the bottom of the drum along the semi-chord of the bottom, and with a peripheral end to the side surface of the drum along this surface forming a screw, placed between the bottoms of the drum coaxially with the last, a groove made on the blade along its entire width with coverage of the screw, and an unloading hatch made on one of the bottoms of the drum opposite the end of the screw, while a second second blade similar to the first one is fixed on the inner surface of the drum with a groove also made along the entire width with the coverage of the screw, while the second blade adjacent to the second bottom of the drum is installed relative to the first on the other side of the screw, while the steamer is equipped with a device for fixing the shaft of the screw alternately relative to drum or racks in the angular direction, the screw shaft is made in the form of a perforated pipe in communication with the steam supply pipe, and the width of the blades is half the distance between the bottoms of the drum. The proposed steamer, in addition to direct steaming of the feed, ensures their grinding by the blades.

The disadvantages of the prototype include the fact that steaming vegetable feed with steam heated to a high temperature of 100 or more degrees C leads to the loss of biologically active substances by feed, and grinding by blades and using a screw only leads to coarse grinding of feed and, accordingly, their low digestibility by animals and low efficiency of their use.

The technical task of the present invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of the prototype, in particular increasing the degree of grinding of feed, increasing the digestibility of feed by animals, reducing energy consumption in the preparation of feed, reducing cooking time and preserving biologically active substances in the prepared feed mixture.

The technical problem posed by the invention is achieved by the fact that the fodder is equipped with an additional means for grinding feed - dispersant, made in the form of a rotating impeller at revolutions from 2000 to 8000 revolutions per minute, mounted in the cavity of the dispersant housing on a shaft connected to the drive relative to the center of the housing, with on the one hand, connected by means of a pipeline with a pipe for unloading feed from the tank, and on the other hand, by means of a pipeline with a valve mounted on it Cooked feed with a cooler connected by at least one branch pipe to the tank.

In the tank, in front of the pipe for unloading the feed from the tank, a removable trap was installed to prevent clogging of the pipe in large fractions of the feed, made in the form of a series of sequentially mounted plates along the path of the feed, forming a maze.

The feed cooler is made in the form of a vertically mounted tank with at least one bypass pipe mounted on its side connected to a tank for a mixture of water and ground feed.

The drive motor is connected to the dispersant body by means of a shaft with at least one coupling made of a material that is not conductive to heat, such as rubber.

The housing of the dispersant feed is equipped with an additional pipe for the complete discharge of feed from the housing of the dispersant.

The pipeline connecting the dispersant to the cooler, and the pipeline connecting the tank to the dispersant are connected by an additional pipeline to the valve to divert the feed from the cooler.

The bottom of the tank for water and chopped feed is inclined toward the discharge pipe of chopped feed in the range from 2 to 20 degrees.

The disperser drive electric motor is made reversible and is equipped with a button for turning on the reverse rotation of the motor shaft for a fixed (predetermined) period of time.

On the inlet pipe of the coolant (water) supply, a valve is mounted to regulate the supply of coolant.

The novelty of the invention is that the feed preparation is equipped with an additional means for grinding feed - dispersant, made in the form of a rotating impeller at speeds from 2000 to 8000 revolutions per minute, mounted in the cavity of the dispersant housing on a shaft connected with the drive, offset from the center of the housing, with one the sides are connected by means of a pipeline with a pipe for unloading feed from the tank, and on the other hand, by means of a pipeline with an unloading valve mounted on it feed with a cooler connected by at least one outlet pipe to the tank.

These signs are new, non-obvious, significant and aimed at achieving the technical task set by the invention.

Thus, a closed circle formed by the mechanisms entering the device, consisting of a tank, dispersant and cooler and pipelines connecting them, allows multiple passage of a mixture of water and ground feed through this closed circle, and intensive, high-speed mixing of the feed with grinding allows the feed to be heated to the required temperature and maintain it in the process of its preparation, and grinding the feed in water (in a liquid medium), bring to a jelly-like homogenized with -being. Since during the intensive mixing on the blades of the dispersant impeller at a speed of 2000 to 8000 rpm on the shaft displaced relative to the center of the housing, the cavitation effect occurs, soaking of air bubbles during cavitation creates a lot of peculiar mini-discharges and due to this the prepared feed mixture undergoes disinfection, which affects the shelf life of the feed in a usable condition.

Signs: the implementation in front of the pipe for unloading the feed from the tank of a removable trap means that prevents clogging of the pipe with large fractions of feed, made in the form of a series of sequentially mounted plates along the movement of the feed, forming a maze, the implementation of the feed cooler in the form of a vertically mounted container mounted on its side side, at least one outlet pipe associated with the tank for a mixture of water and chopped feed, the connection of the drive motor to the housing dispersant by means of a shaft with at least one coupling made of heat-conducting material, for example rubber, the presence of an additional pipe for complete discharge of feed from the dispersant housing, the connection of the pipeline connecting the dispersant to the cooler, and the pipeline connecting the tank with the dispersant, an additional a pipeline with a valve for removing feed from the cooler and the bottom of the tank for water and chopped feed inclined towards the discharge pipe of chopped feed in the range from 2 to 20 g adus, as well as the execution of the disperser drive electric motor with a reverse and equipped with a button for turning on the reverse rotation of the motor shaft for a fixed (predetermined) period of time and the installation of a valve for regulating the supply of coolant on the inlet pipe of the coolant (water) are additional, revealing the specific design main signs.

Thus, the connection of the electric motor of the electric drive to the housing by means of a shaft with at least one coupling made of heat-conducting material, such as rubber, prevents the electric motor from heating the dispersant, and the bottom of the water tank and the chopped feed is inclined toward the discharge port of chopped feed in the range from 2 to 20 degrees and the presence of an additional pipe for the complete withdrawal of feed from the dispersant and an additional pipe for the removal of feed from the cooler allows you to completely remove l located in the housing of the dispersant, capacity and cooler feed. The combination of high speed mixing, grinding and heating of the feed with their simultaneous pumping through the tank, dispersant and cooler allows you to get highly digestible jelly-like food in a few minutes. Performing a disperser drive electric motor reversing allows you to direct the crushed feed mixture for a predetermined period of time in the opposite direction and thereby eliminate clogging of the output pipe of the container with coarsely ground feed.

An additional feature of the proposed feed preparation is that the dispersant is used as a heater of a mixture of water and feed and their homogenization with multiple passage of feed mixtures through it.

The drawing schematically shows the proposed feed preparation.

The feed preparation consists of a base 1, on which a container 2 is mounted with an inclined bottom at an angle of 2 to 20 degrees with a coarse feed chopper 3 mounted on the side surface, connected by a pipe 4 for loading the coarsely ground feed into the container 2. The disperser 5 is connected by a pipe 6 through a pipe to the valve 7 with a tank 2 and a pipe 8 through a valve 9 with a cooler 10. The pipe 8 is connected to the pipe 6 by an additional pipe 11 with a valve 12. The shaft 7 of the dispersant 5, on which the impeller is mounted, by means of the zine coupling 13 is connected to the electric motor 14. The shaft 7 of the dispersant 5 is installed with an offset relative to the center of the housing, which improves the efficiency of movement of the crushed feed mass due to the different weight of the crushed mass around the impeller of the dispersant 5. The cooler 10 is made in the form of a vertically mounted container and connected with the tank 2, at least one pipe 15. On the housing of the dispersant 5, in its lower part, a pipe 16 is made with a valve 17 for the complete withdrawal of feed from the dispersant 5, and n and in the pipeline 8, a valve 18 with a pipe 19 is mounted for unloading the prepared feed from the feed preparation. In the cavity, at the bottom of the tank 2 in front of the outlet pipe 7 with a valve for withdrawing feed from the tank 2, a labyrinth trap 20 is mounted to prevent clogging of the outlet by large fractions of the feed. The labyrinth trap 20 is made of a number of metal plates.

In the upper part of the tank 2 mounted pipe 21 with a valve for filling the tank with water from the water supply. In the lower part of the cooler 10 there is a pipe with a valve 22 for entering the cooler and regulating the volumes of coolant (for example, water) and a pipe 23 for leaving the coolant from the cooler. A control panel 24 is provided for controlling the feed preparation.

The proposed feed preparation works as follows.

A sample of, for example, coarse fodder - grass, root crops, etc. is fed to a coarse chopper 3, on which the feed is crushed to the required size and then, after grinding, through the pipe 4 enter the tank 2, pre-filled with the required amount of water. The dispersant 5 is turned on, in which, when the impeller rotates at a high speed from 2000 to 8000 rpm, the feeds are crushed in a liquid medium, and the resulting feed mixture begins to heat up. It should be noted that when the impeller speed decreases below 2000 rpm, the heating of the feed mixture decreases and its storage time is reduced, because the cavitation process is sluggish and the formation of soiled air bubbles during the preparation of the mixture is not enough to heat the mixture and to disinfect it . After the first portions of the crushed feed passed dispersant 5, they are fed through a pipe 8 through a control valve 9 to a vertically mounted cooler under the pressure created by the impeller of the dispersant 5 due to the displacement of the shaft relative to the center of the housing of the dispersant and due to the difference in weight of the prepared mixture along the perimeter of the impeller 10 and further through the pipeline 15 to the tank 2. Until the prepared feed mixture is heated to a predetermined temperature, the coolant is not supplied to the cooler 10. After that as a feed mixture heated to a predetermined temperature, but has not yet reached the ready - not worn out, to the cooler 10 through the conduit 22 with the valve coolant begins to flow, which is withdrawn from cooler 23 through the pipe.

An option to maintain the temperature of the feed mixture may be the option of passing the feed from the dispersant 5 into the container 2 through an additional pipeline, bypassing the cooler 10. After a specified period of time during which the preparation of the feed mixture has expired, the latter repeatedly passes through a closed circle of the tank - dispersant - cooler - capacity and at the end of the cooking process has a uniform jelly-like appearance, which is readily consumed by animals, is a nutritious and highly digestible feed. Unloading of the finished feed mixture from the feed preparation is carried out through the valve 18 with the pipe 19 with the dispersant 5 turned on and the valves 7 and 12 open and the valve 9 closed.

Cleaning the housing of the dispersant 5 and cooler 10 from the remnants of the feed mixture is carried out through the pipe 16 with open valves 12, 17 and a closed valve 9.

A specific example of the preparation of feed.

A portion of coarse feed - grass, root crops with a total weight of 100 kg (herbs 50 kg, root crops 50 kg) was fed to a coarse chopper 3, grinding feed in air. After the grass and root crops were crushed to the required fractionality (to fragments of the required size), the resulting feed mixture through the pipe 4 was fed into a container 2, pre-filled with 300 liters of pure water. Dispersant 5 was turned on, in which the impeller began to rotate at a speed of 3000 rpm. The feed mixture coming from the tank 2 through the valve 7 and the pipe 6 to the dispersant 5, interacting in a liquid medium with the impeller of the dispersant, began to be further crushed, and the finer fodder mixture obtained at the outlet of the dispersant gradually began to heat up and disinfect due to the soaking of the bubbles. After the first portions of the crushed feed passed dispersant 5, they were fed through a pipe 8 through valve 9 to a vertically mounted cooler 10 under pressure created by the impeller of dispersant 5. Until the prepared feed mixture reached a temperature of 65 degrees C, and this happened after 4 minutes, cooling water was not supplied to the cooler. After the feed mixture was heated to a predetermined temperature of 65 degrees C, but still not ready (not steamed and completely homogenized), water began to be supplied to the cooler 10 through the nozzle with valve 21 for cooling, which was discharged from the cooler through the nozzle 22.

In this case, the valve 18 of the outlet of the finished feed mixture is closed. After a predetermined period of time of 6 minutes has elapsed for a given composition of the feed mixture during which it was prepared, the latter repeatedly passed in a closed circle, the tank — dispersant — cooler — tank and after the end of the cooking process had a uniform, jelly-like greenish appearance, which was readily used by animals , was a nutritious and highly digestible food. Unloading of the finished feed mixture from the tank 2 and from the cavity of the cooler 10 was carried out through the pipe 19 with the valve 18 open and the valve 9 closed.

Cleaning the housing of the dispersant 5 and the cooler 10 from the remnants of the feed mixture was carried out through the pipe 16 with open valves 12, 16 and a closed valve 9.

When grinding harder feeds, such as dry grain, peas, etc., using a variator (frequency converter), the speed of rotation of the dispersant impeller was increased, for example, to 5000 rpm. All other operations, excluding coarse grinding, were performed according to the technology described above.

The use of the proposed feed preparation is also possible in the preparation of feed from bulk plant materials, grain, ears of corn, peas, etc.

Currently, the company has produced several prototypes of feed manufacturers of the proposed design, which are undergoing production tests. Preliminary test results showed good results. Simultaneously with the tests of the fodder, an experiment was conducted. For several days, the animals were alternately given roughage and feed mixture prepared using the proposed feed preparation.

Then, over the next few days, the animals were given the opportunity to choose what kind of food they eat. The mixture prepared on the proposed feed preparation was eaten by the animals primarily and completely. A portion of the coarse feed mixture remained in the feeders. Observations of animals showed that when feeding them with a feed mixture prepared using the proposed feed preparation, the waste products of animal waste decreased, which indicates a high digestibility of the feed mixture.

A decision was made to organize the production of the proposed feed manufacturers.

Claims (9)

1. The feed preparation device, consisting of a grinder, a container for a mixture of water and crushed feed, means for heating and a pipe for unloading the prepared feed mixture from a container, characterized in that the feed preparation device is equipped with an additional tool for grinding feed - dispersant, made in the form of a rotating impeller at revolutions from 2000 to 8000 rpm mounted in the cavity of the dispersant housing on a shaft offset from the center of the housing, connected to the electric drive, connected on one side by soup pipeline with the pipe discharging feed from the container, and on the other hand, using the piping is attached to the discharge valve therein prepared feed with a cooler, connected to at least one discharge duct with the container. 2. The feed preparation according to claim 1, characterized in that in the tank, in front of the nozzle for unloading the feed from the tank, a removable trap is mounted that prevents clogging of the nozzle by large fractions of feed, made in the form of a series of sequentially mounted plates along the path of the feed forming a maze . 3. The feed preparation according to claim 1, characterized in that the feed cooler is made in the form of a vertically mounted tank mounted on its side, at least one bypass pipe associated with a tank for a mixture of water and ground feed. 4. The feed preparation according to claim 1, characterized in that the electric motor of the drive is connected to the housing of the dispersant using a shaft with at least one coupling made of a material that is not conductive to heat, for example rubber. 5. The feed preparation according to claim 1, characterized in that the housing of the feed dispersant is equipped with an additional nozzle for complete discharge of feed from the housing of the dispersant. 6. The feed preparation according to claim 1, characterized in that the pipe connecting the dispersant to the cooler and the pipe connecting the tank to the dispersant are connected by an additional pipe to a valve for removing feed from the cooler. 7. The feed preparation according to claim 1, characterized in that the bottom of the tank for water and chopped feed is inclined towards the discharge pipe of chopped feed in the range from 2 to 20 °. 8. The feed preparation according to claim 1, characterized in that the disperser drive motor is reversible and is equipped with a button for turning on the reverse rotation of the motor shaft for a fixed period of time. 9. The feed preparation according to claim 1, characterized in that a valve for regulating the supply of coolant is mounted on the inlet pipe of the coolant supply.