RU2361094C2 - Method for cleaning of spent gases of internal combustion engines from hard particles - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: method of cleaning consists in the fact that combustion of hard particles produced in engine combustion chamber is intensified with the help of gas dynamic oscillations excited in flow of spent gases (SG), at that oscillations are excited with the help of Helmholtz resonator installed in outlet channel of engine. Produced gas dynamic oscillations intensify process of heat and mass transfer around hard particles by means of their blowing, as a result hard particles burn faster.

EFFECT: lower content of hard particles in SG of internal combustion engines.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to mechanical engineering, namely to engine building, and can be used for cleaning exhaust gases of internal combustion engines from solid particles.

There is a method of purification of exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine of a vehicle and a soot separator for an internal combustion engine of a vehicle (AS USSR No. 1815354, F01N 3/02, publ. 1993), which consists in burning off the exhaust gas stream by simultaneously heating the catalyst and processing it high voltage pulse voltage. The method is implemented using a device containing a housing with inlet and outlet nozzles. At least three insulated electrodes connected to the poles of a high voltage source and a heating source are installed in the housing.

The disadvantage of this method is the need for preheating the catalyst, high energy consumption, increased resistance at the outlet.

A known method of neutralizing exhaust gases (ed. Certificate of the USSR No. 1745997, F01N 3/00, publ. 1992), in which the exhaust gases are burned by vortex mixing with air and passed through an elastic porous turbulator with the transformation of a large-scale vortex flow structure into small disturbances.

The method is implemented using a device containing an inlet and outlet pipe, housing, chamber and turbulator.

The disadvantage of this method is the intensive dilution of exhaust gases with air, which significantly reduces their temperature, and the process of afterburning of solid particles slows down.

There is a method of recovering a diesel particulate filter of a diesel engine, in which two articulated Helmholtz resonators are provided for burning soot from the filters. In the known method, the exhaust gas stream before being fed into the resonators is divided into two parallel streams and the resonant oscillations are excited in each of them by supplying the air-fuel mixture and igniting it, for one of the parallel streams, it is carried out during the period when the fuel is cut off in the second parallel stream. Resonant oscillations in parallel flows are excited in antiphase with equal amplitudes, the duration of the fuel supply is equal to the period of the natural oscillation frequency of the resonators, and the frequency of the resonant oscillations of the exhaust gas flow at a temperature above the ignition of the fuel is less than 0.7 of the order of the number of flashes in the engine cylinders (USSR patent No. 1838639 F01N 3/00, publ. 1993).

The disadvantage of this method is the need for additional fuel to burn soot from the filters, as well as the presence of complex control devices of the resonant system.

The prototype adopted a method of purification of exhaust gases of internal combustion engines from solid particles generated in the combustion chamber by intensifying the combustion of particles of gas-dynamic vibrations excited in the exhaust gas flow (article by V.V. Konovalov and others. Gas-dynamic vibrations are an effective means of reducing particulate emissions with exhaust gases of diesels, in the collection of proceedings of the international forum on the problems of science, technology and education, Moscow, 2005, volume 2, pp. 112-114).

The known method is not effective enough.

The objective of the invention is to increase efficiency.

The problem is achieved in that in a method for purifying ICE exhaust gases from solid particles generated in the combustion chamber, by intensifying the combustion of particles of gas-dynamic vibrations excited in the exhaust gas duct, the vibrations are excited using a Helmholtz resonator located in the exhaust channel of the engine.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where figure 1 shows a diagram of a device for burning solid particles in the exhaust channel of a diesel engine; figure 2 shows the load characteristic of the diesel 410.5 / 12 at a rotational speed of the crankshaft equal to 1500 rpm

The method is as follows.

When opening the exhaust valve 3, the exhaust gas enters the exhaust channel 2 of the engine, in which the Helmholtz resonator 1 is located (towards the exhaust gas flow), which excites gas-dynamic vibrations in the exhaust gas flow. The obtained gas-dynamic oscillations intensify the process of heat and mass transfer near solid particles by blowing them, as a result of which solid particles burn faster.

Example. The proposed device was manufactured and tested on a 410.5 / 12 diesel engine operating on a load characteristic at a crankshaft rotation speed of 1500 rpm. The test results are shown in figure 2. Here, the smokestack N is plotted on the vertical axis - on the dimming scale (Hartridge scale), and the indicator power Pi (kW) on the horizontal axis. The curve indicated by ○ indicates the smoke of a diesel engine without a resonator. The curve indicated by ▲ indicates the smokiness of a Helmholtz diesel engine. It can be seen that the use of the Helmholtz resonator significantly reduced the exhaust smoke.

The use of the claimed invention will significantly reduce the smokiness of exhaust gases of internal combustion engines through afterburning of solid particles.

Claims (1)

The method of purification of exhaust gases of internal combustion engines from solid particles generated in the combustion chamber by intensifying the combustion of particles of gas-dynamic vibrations excited in the exhaust gas stream, characterized in that the vibrations are excited using a Helmholtz resonator located in the exhaust channel of the engine.

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