RU2360395C1 - Sowing device for planting germinated seeds - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: sowing device consists of driven disk with sowing aperture in upper part; said disk is assembled vertically in pressure tight box for seeds and water. Cells, repeating shape of seeds of sown culture, are arranged along the periphery of the disk by means of axes and designed to turn before the sowing aperture. In the bottom part of each of the cells there is made a hole and stops for cells fixation. The cells are made in form of spoons made together with a rocker for connection spoons with axes. Axes are located in plane of the disk at the angle of 45-60° to radius of the disk.

EFFECT: implementation of sowing device facilitates sowing germinated seeds without damage to sprouts.

5 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to sowing machines for seeders for single-seeded sowing.

Known sowing apparatus for the exact sowing of cotton seeds and other crops, including a can for seeds, sowing and nest-forming discs, reflectors, ejectors and a drive mechanism, in which, for the purpose of nesting sowing of seeds at increased speeds of movement of the unit, the cells on the sowing disk are arranged in groups on a straight line at an angle to the radius, and the nest-forming disk is equipped with blades mounted at a certain angle to the radius with ends bent in the direction of the radius (SU copyright certificate No. 190688, M.cl. А01С 7 / 18, А01С 7/16. Sowing apparatus for the exact sowing of cotton seeds and other crops. / G. M. Rudakov, Atham Abdurakhmanov and S. A. Ma. (USSR). Application No. 935862 / 30-15; declared 12.28.1964 ; publ. 12/29/1966, bull. No. 2. // Discoveries. Inventions. - 1967. - No. 2).

Despite the fact that the sowing disk is capable of capturing and moving up to four seeds at the same time, and the nest-forming disk is moved to the window, the seeds in the nests have a large mutual removal, their number does not always correspond to four. Along with this, the seeds are subjected to mechanical stress and injured.

A metering apparatus is also known, including a horizontally located mesh disk with a seed reflector, in which, in order to reduce damage to the seeds during sowing, the seed reflector is made in the form of a cylindrical brush with an axis of rotation perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the disk, closed by a casing in the non-working area; for the purpose of driving the brush into rotation, the disk is provided with holes in which the teeth of the sprocket enter, which mesh with the sprocket attached to the brush; in order to clean the brush from dirt, a comb is installed on its casing (SU copyright certificate No. 375046, M.cl. A01C 7/16. Sowing apparatus. / P.Ya. Lobachevsky and P.M. Bondarenko. - No. 1380525 / 30-15 ; claimed November 28, 1969; publ. March 23, 1973, bull. No. 16. // Discoveries. Inventions. - 1973. - No. 16).

In this sowing device, the design of a seed reflector deserves attention. The disadvantages of this apparatus include the complexity of the design, low operational reliability, lack of seeding of germinated seeds.

A metering apparatus is known, including a hopper, the bottom of which is made with an ejection window for seeds, and a cellular sowing disc located above the bottom with reflectors and ejectors, in which, in order to increase the uniformity of sowing seeds when operating at higher speeds, the metering disc is mounted motionless and equipped with above it, a valve device made in the form of combined reflectors and ejectors pivotally mounted on leashes rotating relative to the seed disk, and the bottom of the hopper is mounted with the possibility of rotation (SU copyright certificate No. 41701-7, M.cl. А01С 7/18, А01С 7/16. Sowing apparatus. / V.P. Chichkin, V.P. Stasyuk, B.S. Lukashov, etc. - No. 1797648 / 30-15; claimed 06/14/1972; publ. 02/28/1974, bull. No. 8. // Discoveries. Inventions. - 1974. - No. 8).

The disadvantages of this apparatus include the complexity of the design, low operational reliability, lack of seeding of germinated seeds.

The closest technical solution to the claimed object according to the totality of features is a sowing apparatus, mainly for sowing seeds of melons, including a honeycomb drive disk vertically located to the horizontal plane, in which the cells are made in shape and size of the seed and placed on the rotary blades in groups, the number of cells in the group is equal to the number of seeds sown in the nest, and the distance between groups is proportional to the adopted step of planting, annular protrusions are provided between the cells iris 1.5 ... 2.0 mm and a height equal to 0.7 ... 0.9 of the thickness of the seed, and in the upper part of the seed box in front of the sowing window there is a ledge for turning the blades, and the blades are mounted on rotary axes at an angle of 40 ... 50 ° to the vertical plane and have a locking stop, the drive shaft mounted on bearings in the walls of the seed box, has stuffing box seals (SU patent for invention No. 2305511, IPC ⁷ A01C 7/16. Sowing unit. / V.G. Abezin, V.V. .Karpunin, A.N. Tseplyaev, M.N. Shaprov, D.A. Abezin, AMSaldaev, V.P. Boromensky. Publ. September 10, 2007, bull. No. 25).

The disadvantage of this sowing apparatus is the increased consumption of seeds and damage to the sprouts during sowing.

The invention consists in the following.

The task to which the claimed invention is directed is single-seeded sowing of germinated seeds with an accuracy of 95% and the exclusion of damage to their sprouts.

EFFECT: saving seeds during sowing, as well as the possibility of obtaining early seedlings of products.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that the sowing device has a drive disk with cells in the form of spoons in the form of seeds of the sowing culture mounted on its periphery by means of axles and rockers arranged vertically in a sealed box for seeds and water with a sowing window, the axes being located in the plane of the disk at an angle of 45-60 ° to its radius, and each beam has a locking stop and return spring, in the seed box in front of the sowing window there is a protrusion for turning the beam with spoons, and on oic surface spoon made height 0.5-0.6 seed capture and thickness in its bottom part, the keeper has a hole, the number of spoonfuls proportional landing step.

The design of the sowing apparatus allows for individual selection of seeds from the seed box, to exclude mechanical damage to seed sprouts, high-quality filling of the spoons, provides piece-wise sowing of seeds with a precisely specified distance between them and to obtain early production.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows a diagram of the sowing apparatus, top view.

Figure 2 is a section aa in figure 1.

Figure 3 is a view of the spoon from above.

Figure 4 is a side view of the spoon.

Figure 5 is a section bB in figure 3.

Information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed invention is as follows.

The sowing apparatus includes a sealed seed box 1, in the inner cavity of which there is a vertical drive disk 2 having axles 3 on the peripheral part located in its plane at an angle of 45 ... 60 ° to the radius. On the axles 3 are the spoons 4, made together with the rocker arms 5. The spoons 4 are made in the shape and size of the seed, holes 6 are provided in the bottom of them, and on their side surface there are grips 7 with a height of 0.5 ... 0.6 of the height of the seed. The beam 5 is mated to the axis 3 due to the sleeve 8 and has a locking stop 9. The disk 2 is mounted on the shaft 10 and secured with a key 11. The bearings 10 are used as bearings for the shaft 10. An asterisk 13 is provided for the drive of the shaft 10. The tightness of the seed box 1 in the bearing pair 12 provided by the seals 14. In the seed box 1 in front of the sowing window 15 there is a protrusion 16 for turning the rocker 5 with a spoon 4. The sowing window 15 is interfaced with the vas deferens 17. To return the rocker 5 to the locking stop 9, a return spring 18 is provided, operating on entrusted to it by. The spring 18 is engaged with the sleeve 8 due to the hole 19. The beam 5 is fixed on the axis 3 with a nut 20.

The metering device operates as follows.

On the axis 3, return springs 18 are installed, then spoons 4 on the rocker arms 5, the shape and size of which must correspond to the shape and size of the seeds of the sowed culture, fix them with nut 20. In this case, the sowing step is determined by the number of installed spoons 4 on the disk 2. Seed box 1 is filled sprouted seeds in water. When moving across the field through the drive, rotation is transmitted to disk 2, and spoons 4 move through the water-seed mixture along a rounded path.

At the initial moment, when spoon 4 enters the water-seed mixture, its capture 7 as if scoops up water and dynamic pressure arises in the internal cavity of the spoon due to its further movement in the water-seed mixture. Water falling into spoon 4 rushes to hole 6, and when the seed enters the cavity of the spoon, it cuts off the water flow from the hole and under the seed the pressure becomes lower than above it, due to this it is correctly oriented in spoon 4 and is held firmly during passage through a water-seed mixture. Upon exiting the water-seed mixture, the seed is firmly held by the grab 7 and the water drop is formed in the hole 6. Next, the seed rises with a spoon to the sowing window 15. In front of the sowing window 15, the protrusion 16 acts on the beam 5, the beam 5 together with a spoon 4 are rotated into a vertical the position and the seed is thrown into the sowing window 15. Next, the seed moves through the vas deferens 17 to the opener. Since the number of spoons 4 on disk 2 is set, the supply of seeds to the sowing window 15 will be at a certain interval, as a result, the seeds will enter the furrow formed by the coulter and be placed in it after a certain distance.

Sowing sprouted seeds with this sowing device eliminates damage to their sprouts and provides early production.

Claims (5)

1. The sowing apparatus for sowing germinated seeds, including vertically placed in a sealed box for seeds and water with a sowing window in the upper part of the drive disk mounted on its periphery by axes with the possibility of rotation in front of the sowing window cells in the form of seeds of the sowing culture, in the bottom each of which has a hole and stops for fixing the cells, characterized in that the cells are made in the form of spoons, made together with the rocker arms for connecting the spoons with axes, and the axes are located in the plane of the disk at an angle of 45-60 ° to the radius of the disk. 2. The sowing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that each beam has a locking emphasis and a return spring. 3. The sowing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that for the rotation of the rocker arm in front of the sowing window, a protrusion is provided. 4. The sowing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of spoons is proportional to the step of planting. 5. The sowing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that on the lateral surface of the spoon, a grab of 0.5-0.6 seed thickness is made, and the hole in the bottom of the spoon is made in its center.

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