RU2359855C1 - Knurling shoe for emergency train cars return onto track, method for shoes packaging and device for method realisation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: railway transport.

SUBSTANCE: invention is related to devices for return of railway cars that went off track, to methods of shoes packaging and to devices for their packaging. Knurling shoe for return of emergency train cars to track is characterised by the fact that on lower side of casing in its middle and back parts multiple cells are arranged that are open from bottom, and cells are created by flanging and partitions of casing. Depth of cells increases from casing back part to its front part. In front part of the latter transverse front and back walls are arranged, in which, accordingly, front and back grooves are arranged for rail head of track. Shoe casing is arranged as cast from metal alloy on the basis of titanium. According to method for packaging of knurling shoes, at first shoes are oriented with their flanges opposite to each other and are installed on cassette base on back parts at the distance from each other that exceeds sum of two heights of front parts of shoes so that center of gravity of every shoe in specified position of shoe is arranged internal circuit of base. Then back parts of shoes are fixed on cassette base, and shoes are inclined to central vertical axis of cassette to contact with horizontal sections of flange, which are located in single vertical plane. Afterwards front part of each shoe is connected to cassette stand. Device for method realisation represents cassette that includes base and stand fixed on base with load eye at its end. Along base perimetre there are at least longitudinal flanges, distance between which is selected as less than width of shoe back part. Height of stand is more than shoe length, thickness of stand is less than width of every aperture arranged in transverse walls of shoe for track rail. Stand has facilities for connection of shoe front parts to it.

EFFECT: as a result, shoe bearing capacity and convenience of its use are increased.

6 cl, 6 dwg

Description

This technical solution relates to devices for placing in emergency conditions on the rails of railway cars, derailed as a result of an accident or train crash. It also relates to methods for packaging shoes and special devices for packaging them.

Technical solutions can be used in railcar depots for placing on wheels the wheelsets and wagons, as well as in the mining industry for railcars on rails.

Known devices for mounting on rails of railway cars, each of which is a knurling shoe for rolling the wheels of a carriage, the shoe comprising a housing, a knurling platform, means for orienting the wheels of the wheelset on the track and means for fixing the shoe on the track rail [ 1-12].

A device for laying on rails of railway cars containing a platform with a knurled surface, external and internal guides for the wheels of the vehicle, a pitched element and vertical stiffeners with holes in which beams are placed on both sides of the rail for interaction with fastening elements on the track, the device is equipped with a shank located on the indicated pitched element facing the platform, bearing a spherical support for interacting with a spherical socket, which executed on a platform, and said holes in the stiffening ribs and their associated beams are circular, with a vertical symmetry axis and spherical bearing socket platform beams intersected the longitudinal axis [13].

A device is known for lifting and transporting wheelsets when placing railway vehicles on rails that descended from them as a result of an accident or crash. Moreover, the device contains a U-shaped frame in plan with rollers, supports for interacting with the wheel. At the free ends of the frame, wedge-shaped protrusions are made, which are included in the corresponding sockets, which are made in consoles connected to the axis of the roller, a roller is mounted on the other side of the frame with levers, one ends of the levers are pivotally mounted on the frame, and the second are connected to the frame using a movement drive [fourteen].

A device is known for laying on rails of a derailed vehicle, comprising a platform with a knurled surface, external and internal guides for the wheels of the vehicle, having a slope part and vertical stiffeners with fastening elements of the platform on the way, and the knurled surface of the platform in the lower part is concave and in the upper part - convex, its portion adjacent to the inner guide, and the guides in the plan, respectively, are made with a transverse slope and concave in direction of the middle of the platform [15].

A device for mounting on rails of a vehicle containing a ski guide mounted on a bracket to cover the rail head, the device is equipped with an additional ski guide, which is connected to the specified ski lap and equipped with an additional bracket, mounted on the base rack with a cargo eye at the end for fixing products in transport position.

Close technical solutions to the ones presented in this description are knurling shoes [13-16], each of which contains a housing, a recess in the housing under the rail head, a first knurling section with a working surface tapering to the front of the housing, a second section of the housing, side of the housing and means fixing the shoe housing on the rail.

The closest technical solution to the technical solution presented in this description is a knurling shoe for restoring emergency train cars to the track, containing a body, in the lower part of which supports are made, and in the upper part - curved in the vertical plane of the side, one of which has a beveled down a section protruding from the housing to the side from its front, while in the wall of the housing in its middle part there is a slot under the rail of the rail, located between the sides of the housing hydrochloric and a horizontal pad, conjugate rounded portion, said platform in a plan view have a tapered shape toward the front of the housing, wherein the horizontal platform located in front of the body, and ramp located at the rear of the housing [15].

Known technical solutions do not meet the modern requirements of ergonomics - the convenience and ease of use of the shoe, which is associated with the significant weight of the shoes, which is in the range of 120 ÷ 150 and more kg. The large weight of the shoes used in the practice of shoes corresponds to the load that the shoe perceives from the wheel moving along it, and this load is in the range of 10 ÷ 20 tons.

The obtained technical result of the technical solution presented in this description is to increase the ergonomic qualities of the shoe by facilitating the shoe and increasing its usability. Another result obtained is a decrease in the material consumption of the shoe and an increase in its bearing capacity.

The technical result is achieved by a knurled shoe for restoring emergency train wagons onto a rail track, comprising a hull in the lower part of which supports are made, and in the upper part are curved in the vertical plane of the side, one of which has a beveled down section protruding from the hull to the side of it of the front part, in the middle part of the case, a slot is made under the rail of the rail track, between the sides of the case there are inclined and horizontal platforms having tapering to the front of the case in top view rmu, and on the lower side of the body in its middle and rear parts there are a lot of cells open from the bottom, which are formed by flanges and partitions of the body, the depth of the cells increasing from the back of the body to its front part, in the front of the latter there are transverse front and rear walls, in which the front and rear recesses are made, respectively, under the rail head of the rail track, the shoe body is molded from a metal alloy based on titanium.

The knurling shoe contains cells which are located between the longitudinal flanges of the housing directed downward and transverse partitions made on one side of the housing slot from its lower side, and between the longitudinal obturations of the housing, transverse and longitudinal partitions made on the other side of the housing slot with its bottom side.

The knurled shoe contains additional supports made at the extreme flanges of the case in its middle part, front windows located on the side and upper sides of the window, jumpers are located between adjacent windows, which form handles for carrying the shoe manually.

The indicated result was obtained by the method of packing the knurled shoes, comprising the operation of fixing the shoes on the base of the cassette for packing the shoes in their transport position, for which they first orient the shoes on the sides opposite each other and install them on the base of the cartridge on the rear parts at a distance from each other greater than the sum of two the heights of the front parts of the shoes, so that the center of gravity of each shoe in the indicated position of the shoe is in the inner contour of the base, the rear parts of the shoes are fixed poppies on the base of the cassette and tilt the shoes to the central vertical axis of the cassette until the horizontal sections of the sides touch, which are located in one vertical plane and then connect the front of each shoe to the rack of the cassette.

The indicated result was obtained by a device for implementing the method, which is a cassette comprising a base and a rack fixed with a cargo eye at the end, with at least longitudinal sides made along the perimeter of the base, the distance between which is less than the width of the back of the shoe, height racks more than the length of the shoe, the thickness of the rack is less than the width of each opening made in the transverse walls of the shoe under the rail track.

The device is characterized by the implementation of the means of connecting the rack with the shoes in the form of chains attached to the rack with clamps at the ends of the "carbine" type.

figure 1 shows the left knurling shoe for recovery on the rail track of emergency wagons, axonometry,

figure 2 - knurling shoe - bottom view, axonometry,

figure 3 is an example of the installation of the wheelset of the car on the rail track,

figure 4 and 5 are variants of pallets for packaging knurling shoes,

Fig.6 is a diagram of the installation of knurling shoes on a pallet, explaining the method of packaging pallets.

Knurling shoe (figure 1) contains a housing 1, in the lower part 2 of which supports 3 are made, and in the upper part 4 - left and right sides bent in the vertical plane. Each side has an inclined section 5 and a horizontal section 6, which are interconnected by a rounded section. The left side has a downwardly inclined section 7, protruding from the housing 1 to the side of its front 8. The arcuate, in this case a semicircular recess, is made in the front of the housing. In the middle part of the body, a slot 9 is made under the rail of the rail track. The inclined and horizontal sections 5 and 6 of each side are located, respectively, above the inclined platform 10 and the horizontal platform 11 of the shoe body. These sites are paired with a rounded portion of the housing 12.

These platforms 10 and 11 in a plan view have a shape tapering towards the front of the housing. The horizontal platform 11 is located in the front of the housing, and the inclined platform 10 is located in the middle part and in the rear part 13 of the housing.

Inside the housing 1 (FIG. 2), on its lower side, under the inclined platform 10, a plurality of cells 14 are made, separated from each other by longitudinal flanges 15 of the housing located on opposite sides of the slot 9 of the housing, by a longitudinal partition 16 located on one side of the housing from the slot 9, as well as the transverse partitions 17. Essentially, the cells are formed by the indicated flanges and partitions, each cell having a height-varying depth that increases from the back of the housing 13 towards its front 8. The latter has a box-shaped shape formed by the upper wall of the casing, on which a horizontal platform 11 is located on the outside and located under the upper wall on the lower side of the casing with its front and rear walls 18 and 19, respectively. In the walls 18 and 19, the front and rear recesses 20 are made for the rail head of the rail track. In the front part 8 of the casing, windows 21 are also arranged located on the side and upper sides of the casing 21. Between the adjacent windows 21 are jumpers 22 forming handles for lifting the shoe manually.

The supports 3 are located on the rear, front and middle parts of the casing from its lower side and are separated from each other along the length of the casing, while the pylons have holes and recesses 23 for fastening the shoe to the rail track web.

The presented shoe, on the one hand, meets the requirements for ergonomic conditions - provides convenient use of the shoe, and also facilitates the work with the shoe by reducing its weight. On the other hand, the shoe meets the requirements of strength from the condition of rolling on it one wheel of a car under a load of 15 tons. This load corresponds to the condition of the strength of the shoe body made of a special metal alloy based on titanium, tested in accordance with the specified load at normal stress [σ] = σ _t = 440 MPa. In this regard, the specified alloy is essential for satisfying these requirements, which made it possible to manufacture cast shoes, which eliminated the need for welding to make shoes from sheet material. At the same time, in combination with the shoe shape described above, the alloy cast design made it possible to minimize the shoe weight from 120 kg to 85 kg. This made it possible in emergency emergency conditions when emergency wagons were placed on the rail track to install a shoe on the rail with one or at least two workers without using special lifting equipment for this purpose.

In practice, use the left and right knurled shoes 24 and 25 (figure 3), installed, respectively, under the left and right wheels 26 of the wheelset. The drawing shows the flange 27 of the right wheel 26 and the flange 28 of the left wheel of the wheelset. The rail track along its course shown by the arrow includes a left rail with a head 29 and a right rail with a head 30. The left and right knurled shoes 24 and 25 are located, respectively, on the left and right rails of the rail, in particular on the heads 29 and 30 of the left and right rails.

The left and right shoes differ in that along the rail track of the slot 9 in the inclined platform and the recesses in the walls of the body of each shoe under the rail head of the rail along its path are displaced from the central longitudinal axis of the shoe to the right or left side. Accordingly, these recesses are displaced in opposite directions from the longitudinal axis of the rail track.

In order to install one emergency carriage with four wheelsets on the track, use eight shoes for each wheel of the wheelset. Since the recovery of emergency wagons is carried out in emergency emergencies, the time required to bring the shoes to the place of the accident, the speed of deployment of restoration work, their complexity and the convenience of operations are essential from the point of view of reducing the time and complexity of recovery.

For this purpose, according to this description, a device for packaging the knurling shoes in one package. This device meets all of the above requirements. It, in addition, facilitates the rapid transport and reloading of shoes.

The specified device is a cartridge (figure 4, 5), which includes a base 31 and a rack 32 fixed to the base with a cargo eye 33 at the end of the rack. The transverse and longitudinal sides 34 and 35, respectively, are made along the perimeter of the base. The distance L between the longitudinal sides 35 is selected less than the width R of the rear part 13 of the shoe (FIG. 2) by the amount of clearances s (FIG. 5) necessary for the free entry of the rear part 13 of the shoe between the longitudinal sides 35. The height H of the rack (FIG. 4) more than the length D of the shoe (Fig. 1), and the rack thickness t is selected less than the width w of the front and rear recesses 19 and 20 (Fig. 1), which are made in the vertical front and rear walls 17 and 18 of the housing. To the rack 32, chains 36 are attached at one end (Fig. 4), the other end of each of which is equipped with a latch “37 of a carabiner” attached to it. Each chain is designed for a fixed connection of the shoe with the rack during packaging (installation of shoes in the cassette).

Knurled shoes work as follows. Fasten on the left and right rails of the rail track, respectively, the left and right shoes 24 and 25 (figure 3) by means of wedges 38, which are hammered into the recesses 19 and the gaps between the heads 29 and 30 of the rails and the front wall 18 of the housing. The left and right shoes, which are a pair of shoes, are fixed on the base of the rail track near the wheels of each wheel pair of the emergency car to be restored to the rail track.

In a known manner, the emergency car is towed and moved towards the shoes so that the wheels of the wheelsets (Fig. 3) of the car are on inclined platforms 10 of the left and right shoes.

When the wheelset is pulled onto the shoes, the rim of the left wheel of the wheel pair moves along the upper surface of the starboard side 5 of the left shoe 24, and the flange of the left wheel 28 interacts with the outer surface of the starboard 5 of the left shoe 24. At the same time, the rim of the right wheel 26 moves first along the inclined surface 10 of the right shoe 25, and then, due to the narrowing of this surface to the front of the shoe, the rim of the right wheel hits the upper surface of the right side 5 of the right shoe 25, while the flange of the right wheel 27 interacts with the lateral inner surface of the right side 5 of the right shoe 25.

It should be noted that when the wheels move in the longitudinal direction of the rail along the sides 5 of the shoes 24 and 25, the wheels simultaneously move towards the heads 29 and 30 of the rail in the transverse direction with respect to the longitudinal axis of the rail due to the fact that both sides are 5 shoes, on which the wheels 26 are located, are located at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the rail track. As a result, the flanges 27 and 28 of the right and left wheels of the wheelset are inside the track rail - on the inside of the heads of the right and left rails of the rail. In this case, the flanges of the wheels are first at a level which is located above the rail heads.

With further movement, the right wheel 26 of the wheelset moves along the protruding beveled portion 7 inclined to the head 29 of the right rail, and the left wheel begins to interact with its left side with the inner surface of the left side 5 of the left shoe 24, which orientates the wheel to the left rail.

When the wheels move along the horizontal sections of the sides 5, the right wheel moves along the beveled section 7 of the right side 5 down in the direction of the rail and is installed on this rail, while the left wheel of the wheel pair moving along the horizontal surface of the left shoe is mounted on the left rail. At the same time, other wheel sets of the wagon are similarly mounted on rails of the rail track.

After the car is installed on the rail track, the knurling shoes are disconnected from the rail and packaged — they are set to a position corresponding to the position of their emergency transportation to another place of work.

Packing shoes is as follows.

At least two knurled shoes, which are a pair of shoes, are fixed on the base 31 of the cartridge (FIG. 4), for which the shoes 24 and 25 with their rear parts 13 are mounted on the base 31 in a vertical position opposite each other, as shown in FIG. .6 between the longitudinal sides 35 and the transverse sides 34 of the base. In this case, the lower parts 13 of the shoes are spaced apart from each other by a distance R1, which is greater than the sum of the two heights h of the front parts of the shoe. The spacing in the sides of the lower parts 13 is carried out in such a way that the center of gravity CT of each shoe in its indicated position is in the inner circuit "abs" of the base 31 in a plan view.

The rear parts 13 of the shoes are fixed on the base 31 from their shift by introducing these parts 13 of the shoes between the longitudinal and transverse sides of the base 31. Since the distance L (Fig. 4) between the longitudinal sides of the base 35 is chosen greater than the width R of the rear part 13 of the shoe (FIG. 6) by the amount of gaps s necessary for the free entry of the rear part 13 of the shoe between the longitudinal sides 35, then the rear parts 13 of the shoes freely enter the opening between the longitudinal sides. Since the height H of the rack (FIG. 4) is greater than the length D of the shoe (FIG. 1), and the thickness t of the rack is selected less than the width w of the front and rear recesses 20 in the walls 18 and 19 of the shoe (FIG. 1), the shoes are freely inclined towards the central the vertical axis 39 of the rack 32 (Fig. 4) of the cassette until the horizontal sections 6 of the sides of the shoes 24 and 25 are in contact. These horizontal sections 6 are located in one vertical plane 40 (Fig. 6). After that, the front parts of the shoes 24 and 25 are connected to the rack 32. For this purpose, each shoe is covered by chains 36 on the sides and the ends of the chains are connected by the latches 37.

In the position of the shoes, shown in Fig.6, they are loaded and transported to another place of restoration of the derailed cars.

In cases where individual wheelsets are mounted on a rail, a pair of shoes is used.

Information sources

1. DE 948981, 08/23/1954.

2. FR 581602, 09/03/1924.

3. FR 1019183, 01/19/1953.

4. US 1789634, 05/28/1930.

5. US 2901982, 02/05/1954.

6. SU 1572892, 06.23.1990.

7. SU 1801842, 03/15/1993.

8. DE 396041, 05.23.1924.

9. DE 1104988, 04.20.1961.

10. DE 1755226, 11/11/1971.

11. DE 137038, 09/06/1901.

12. DE 69901, 10/01/1892.

13. RU 2031069 C1, 03.20.1995.

14. RU 93032265 A, 03/10/1996.

15. RU 2031030 C1, 03.20.1995.

16. RU 2191723 C2, 10.27.2002.

17. RU 2234443 C1, 08.20.2004.

Claims (6)

1. Knurling shoe for recovery on a rail track of emergency wagons of a train, comprising a case, in the lower part of which supports are made, and in the upper part, curved in the vertical plane of the side, one of which has a beveled down section protruding from the case to the side from its front parts, in the middle part of the casing a slot is made under the rail of the rail track, between the sides of the casing there are inclined and horizontal platforms having a shape tapering towards the front of the casing in a plan view, characterized in that from the bottom in the middle and rear parts of the housing, a plurality of cells open from below are formed, which are formed by flanges and partitions of the housing, the depth of the cells increasing from the rear of the housing to its front, in the front of the latter there are transverse front and rear walls, in which, respectively, are made , front and rear recesses under the head of the rail of the rail track, the shoe body is molded from a metal alloy based on titanium. 2. Knurling shoe according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises cells made on one side of the slot of the housing from its lower side, and cells made on the other side of the slot of the housing from its lower side. 3. The knurling shoe according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises additional supports made at the extreme flanges of the body in its middle part, windows located on the front and side of the body located on the side and top sides, jumpers are located between adjacent windows, forming handles for hand carrying shoe. 4. A method of packing the knurled shoes, comprising the step of fixing the shoes on the base of the cartridge for packing the shoes in their transport position, characterized in that the shoes are first oriented with the sides opposite each other and set them on the base of the cartridge on the rear parts at a distance from each other greater than the sum two heights of the front parts of the shoes so that the center of gravity of each shoe in the indicated position of the shoe is in the inner contour of the base, the rear parts of the shoes are fixed on the basis of and the cassette and tilted shoes to the central vertical axis of the cartridge to contact the sides of horizontal portions which are arranged in the same vertical plane, and then connect the front portion of each shoe with a cassette counter. 5. A device for implementing the method, which is a cartridge comprising a base and a rack fixed with a cargo eye at the end, with at least longitudinal sides made along the perimeter of the base, the distance between which is less than the width of the back of the shoe, the height of the rack more than the length of the shoe, the thickness of the rack is less than the width of each opening made in the transverse walls of the shoe under the rail, and the rack has means for connecting the front parts of the shoes to it. 6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that it is characterized by the implementation of means for connecting the rack and shoes in the form of chains attached to the rack with clamps at the ends of the type "carabiner".

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