RU2357718C2 - Method of victim evacuation from vehicles, and "rescuer emercom-2" rescue device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medical equipment.

SUBSTANCE: invention concerns medical equipment and is intended for careful road accident victim removal from vehicles, carrying and transportation. Method of victim removal from vehicle involves positioning structural elements between car seat and victim's body parts, victim fixation by elastic fixation elements, and victim removal together with the structure. Structural elements are positioned between car seat and victim's body parts in sequence. Structural elements are made in the form of flat plate elements interconnected by two fixation side rails of shaped profile to form single rigid frame structure in the form of chair. Victim is fixated by elastic fixation elements and removed together with the structure by pulling fixation side rails. Device for victim removal from vehicle seat includes plates and connection elements and consists of flat structural plate elements. Plate elements are positioned between car seat and body parts of victim. Fixation elements are made in the form of fixation side rails of shaped profile. Side fixation rails connect plate elements to form single rigid structure in the form of chair for victim removal together with the structure.

EFFECT: novel method of victim evacuation from vehicles.

3 cl, 1 ex, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to medical equipment and is intended for gentle extraction from vehicles, transfer and evacuation of people injured in road traffic and other incidents. The method and device provide emergency medicine (EMERCOM) and ambulance, as well as forensic medicine.

It is a well-known method of extracting an injured person from a vehicle, in which one or more people capture the victim’s body as it is convenient for each particular situation and, performing various manipulations, remove it through the doorway and put it on a stretcher (analogue of the method) [1].

This method causes various additional injuries to the victim, especially with fractures of the spinal column, other skeleton bones and damage to internal organs.

A known method of extracting injured people from military vehicles (tank, armored personnel carrier), which consists in the fact that injured people are removed using various devices in the form of sanitary belts, stretcher straps, etc. Moreover, first they tie the victims, and then several people pull the wounded through the hatches (prototype method) [2].

The method of extracting injured from transport using improvised means in the form of belts, sanitary stretcher straps does not provide the necessary immobility (immobilization) of bones and joints, which leads to additional injury. Squeezing loops of belts and sanitary straps disrupt the nervous, cardiovascular and respiratory systems, which further worsens the state of health of the victim.

After removing the injured with belts and straps, it must be transferred to a stretcher for evacuation. Thus, this method does not provide gentle extraction of injured people.

A device is known according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2102052 from 01.20.1998, which is intended for the evacuation of injured from the scene of an accident or other incidents (medical stretcher A. Fire.M.). The stretchers consist of two load-bearing bars connected pivotally by transverse struts, legs and a cloth. New in the claimed stretcher is that the panel is made separately into two symmetrical longitudinal parts and is equipped with a connecting element. The technical result consists in the fact that with its help it is possible to quickly move the victim from the stretcher to the operating table without additional injury (analogue of the device).

The disadvantage of this device is the need to first, in the usual way (very traumatic), raise several people injured by the hands from the site of the injury and transfer it to a stretcher. In addition, the cloth made of tarpaulin bends under the weight of the victim’s body and oscillates when carried, which creates conditions for additional trauma to bone fragments and fragments of the injury site, surrounding tissues and organs.

As a prototype of the device, the invention was considered according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 201386 dated 05/30/1994, "Sanitary stretchers", consisting of two load-bearing crossbars in the form of telescopically connected outer and inner pipes. Pipes are connected by cross members detachable relative to the axis of the stretcher, equipped with locks. Supports for the head, back, hips and legs are made of separate plates installed in pairs with a gap relative to each other. The plates are fixedly mounted on the supporting bars in one horizontal plane of each half of the stretcher.

The design of the stretcher allows, if necessary, to carry the victim while sitting.

The disadvantages of the device:

- the device is not intended to remove the victim from the vehicle;

- when the plates are closed, injury to the human soft tissues by their edges is possible;

- during operational deformation of telescopic bearing tubes or in the presence of bulk materials between them, their jamming is possible.

The objective of the proposed technical solution is to create a method for the gentle extraction of an injured person from a vehicle and device for implementing the above method.

The problem is solved using the present invention, including:

- a method of extracting an injured person from a vehicle by bringing under the victim flat structural elements-plates between the car seat and parts of the body of the victim, then connecting these elements-plates to each other with two lateral latches-handrails into a single rigid box structure, securing the victim on this structure with help of elastic clamps and removal of the victim from the vehicle together with this design.

- a device for extracting a victim from the vehicle seat, containing plates and connecting elements, characterized in that it contains “n” flat structural elements (at least three) for bringing them between the car seat and the parts of the victim’s body, and the connecting elements are made in the form of two lateral handrails, handrails, connecting these plates in a rigid single structure, which allows you to remove the injured from the car, transfer it and evacuate without further injury.

The claimed method differs from the prototype with new features:

- sequential placement of flat structural elements-plates under the rear surfaces of the human body;

- connection of structural elements-plates with the help of lateral clamps-handrails into a single rigid, box-like structure that repeats the position of a seated person in three-dimensional spatial orientation;

- removing the victim along with the design for the lateral retainer-handrails, which allows for gentle extraction of the injured.

The claimed device differs from the prototype in new features:

- the device contains "n" flat structural elements-plates (at least three);

- the device contains two lateral retainer-handrail shaped profile to give the box-shaped structure in an assembled form profile that matches the pose of a seated person.

From the above list of features of the proposed method and device to achieve the task clearly shows that the claimed technical solution is a new combination of features, as a combination of known and new features, providing a new technical result, not known at the filing date of the application.

A new technical result, which can be obtained by carrying out the invention, is to sparingly remove the injured from vehicles.

The proposed method and device are industrially applicable, because they can be used in various fields of medical activity: disaster and emergency medicine, emergency and emergency medical care, daily work of medical institutions.

The technical solution of the proposed method and device meets the criterion of "novelty", because not known from the prior art at the filing date of the application. Not known from the prior art, the set of essential features of the claimed technical solutions and their impact on obtaining the desired technical result.

The technical solution of the proposed method and device meets the criterion of "inventive step", since no solutions having features matching its distinctive features have been identified, and the influence of the distinctive features on the resulting technical result is not known.

Thus, the claimed "method and device" are so interconnected that they form a single inventive concept and meet all the criteria for inventions, and provide a new technical result.

The device is shown schematically in the drawing (side view).

The device consists of "n" flat structural elements-plates (the image shows three plates 1, 2 and 3) made of duralumin or other lightweight durable material. The flat structural element-plate 1 is intended for supporting and fixing the head, neck and back of a person, the flat structural element-plate 2 is for supporting the pelvis, buttocks, hips. Flat structural element-plate 3 - for supporting the legs. To connect these flat structural elements-plates, lateral clamps are designed - handrails 4 shaped profiles. As a result of the connection of the plates 1, 2, 3 with the clamps-handrails 4, a single, rigid, box-like structure is formed that resembles a chair. The injured person is fixed to the handrail clamps 4 and the flat structural elements-plates 1, 2, 3 by elastic clips 5. The injured person is removed from the vehicle along with the resulting structure for the lateral handrail clamps 4. This ensures minimal additional impact on the injured person, which excludes causing him additional injuries.

The device is simple in design, does not require expensive materials for the manufacture, can easily be reproduced and propagated industrially, does not require complex technological production. The total length of the device is reduced to 1 meter 50 cm.

An example of the use of the device "Rescue Emergencies Ministry-2".

An injured person in a vehicle after a disaster is sitting unconscious, with skeleton fractures and damage to internal organs. Doctors of the NSR, Ministry of Emergency Situations and others. Remove from a plastic bag a set of three flat structural elements 1, 2 and 3 and place a flat structural element 1 between the back of the injured and the back of his seat, a flat structural element 3 under the back surface of the legs, a flat structural element 2 under hips and buttocks injured. After that, all plates 1,2 and 3 are connected by two lateral clamps-handrails 4. Then the head, neck, torso and limbs are fixed on the structure with elastic straps 5. It is possible to apply dressings, cuffs, Cramer tires, etc. Next, lift the structure, remove it from A damaged vehicle, along with an injured one, is transferred to the injured vehicle before the evacuation vehicle. In a clinic or hospital, the victim can be examined without removal from the structure and placed on the operating table in it. The design allows you to provide different forms of medical care both during installation and during the entire evacuation. Removing injured people from vehicles by the proposed method and device for its implementation provides gentle withdrawal of victims less painful, less traumatic, with less risk of developing a shock condition and with greater potential for preserving the life and health of the victim.

Literature

1. Sumen S.A. Emergency conditions. - 5th ed. Redesigned and supplemented. - Moscow: Medical Information Agency LLC, 2005. - S.290-295.

2. Big medical encyclopedia / Main. ed. B.V. Petrovsky. Ed. 3rd (In 30 T.). M., "Owls. Encyclopedia". 1976, T. 4. VALIN-GAMBIA, S.496-498.

Claims (3)

1. The method of removing the injured person from the vehicle, including the placement of structural elements between the car seat and the injured body parts, fixing the injured with elastic clips and removing the injured together with the structure, characterized in that the structural elements are placed between the car seat and the injured body parts in series, structural elements are made in the form of flat elements-plates, which are interconnected by two lateral fixative handrails of the shaped profile into a single rigid box structure in the form of a chair, while the injured is fixed with elastic clips and remove it together with the structure for the lateral handrails. 2. A device for extracting an injured person from a vehicle seat, containing plates and connecting elements, characterized in that it consists of flat structural elements-plates made to be placed between the car seat and the injured body parts, while the connecting elements are made in the form of side clips -a handrail of a shaped profile, and lateral clamps-handrails are made to connect the plate elements into a rigid single structure in the form of a chair and to extract injured on with the construction. 3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that it has at least three flat structural elements-plates.