RU2379016C2 - Evacuator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to military-medical equipment and can be used for evacuation of wounded from placed of difficult access, for instance for immobilisation of spine and hip when pulling wounded and injured people out of limited spaces (armoured vehicles, tanks, mines, rescue work, etc). Evacuator contains central part with longitudinal axis, two lateral parts for body support and two lateral head parts for head fixation, perpendicular to longitudinal axis, locks, stretch loops, belts and stiffening ribs, located in central and lateral parts. Part with head parts is provided with forehead and chin belts. In central part from external side alpinist top cords with locks and clasps are sewn. On internal side of central part pocket for pneumatic cushion is located. Stiffening ribs are made in form of laths and are located in central part. Belt is interlaced around stiffening ribs and has ends which are released from inside and form loops for extraction of injured person.

EFFECT: there is solved problem of reliable, cheap and possessing sufficient hoisting capacity means of evacuating injured person from places of difficult access.

4 cl, 2 ex, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to military medical equipment and can be used to evacuate the wounded from hard-to-reach places, for example, to immobilize the spine and thigh while removing injured and wounded from confined spaces (armored vehicles, holds, mines, mine rescue operations, etc.).

A device for releasing an injured patient (hereinafter a tow truck) is used in cases of suspected injuries of the cervical and thoracic spine, fractures of the hip bones to create immobility (immobilization) of damaged segments when removing the affected from hard-to-reach and confined spaces and subsequent transportation from the place of injury to a medical institution .

A device for evacuating the wounded from military vehicles is known, which comprises a canvas tape with two metal half rings and an overlay made of canvas. The canvas tape is made with the possibility of its placement on the seat of the crew member and is equipped with transverse and two longitudinal straps with buckles, second and third canvas linings, two rigid inserts, upper and lower immobilizing shields. The immobilizing shields are interconnected pivotally with the possibility of locking in the deployed position, and with the canvas ribbon - by means of a cable and loops placed on its back side around the perimeter of the immobilizing shields. In the initial position, the device is mounted in the form of a cover with the indicated belts to the seat of the crew member. In case of injury, the belts are released and used to secure the wounded in a canvas tape, which is attached to external lifting devices by means of half rings, due to which the process of evacuation of the wounded from a combat vehicle is mechanized and accelerated (US 5819747, A61B 19/00, publ. 1998-10- 13).

The disadvantage of this device is that it is quite bulky and reduces the effective space in the working area of the operator. It does not exclude the victim being thrown back at the time of extraction. Provides only vertical recovery of the victim. It is used to extract the diseased only from armored vehicles, the possibility of using it to extract from holds, wells, shelters, etc. is not considered.

Known immobilization vest containing a Central part with a longitudinal axis, at least 2 side parts perpendicular to the specified longitudinal axis, at least one hinge flap perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, part for supporting the pelvis connected to the Central part, including a flexible flap, formed and located in such a way that it can be pulled between the legs of the victim to maintain the pelvic part of the victim and his sacrum, a seat belt attached to the specified bend CB flaps, said strap is located on this flap so as to pull said flexible flap to a position between the legs of the victim; also containing extenders attached to the side parts, a lock, a hook, stiffeners located in the side parts (RF patent No. 2278639, A61F 5/04, publ. 2006.06.27).

The disadvantage of this device is that the main elements of the fixation of the victim are directly attached to the immobilization vest and cannot reliably guarantee the removal of the victim with a large body weight. A flexible flap to maintain the pelvic part of the victim and his sacrum does not fully fulfill its purpose, since vertical evacuation will inevitably give compression to the damaged bones of the pelvis and sacrum.

The basis of the invention is the task of creating a reliable, cheap and with sufficient carrying capacity means of evacuating the victim from hard-to-reach places, which is solved by choosing the material and the method of processing the material of the tow truck, as well as through the use of a single lifting element, previously drawn through the entire cavity of the tow truck.

The technical problem is solved due to the fact that in the tow truck containing the central part with a longitudinal axis, two side parts for supporting the body and two side head parts for fixing the head, perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, locks, exhaust loops, belts and stiffeners located in the central and lateral parts, the upper part with the head parts is equipped with frontal and chin straps, climbing slings with locks and a carbine are sewn into the central part from the outside; moreover, on the inner side of the central part there is a pocket for an air bag, while the stiffeners are made in the form of rails and placed in the central part, and the belt is bound around the stiffeners and has ends that are released from the inside and form loops to remove the victim.

On the outer surface of the lateral parts, adhesive tapes are sewn to support the head to fix the head.

One of the locks in the side parts is made in the form of a metal carbine.

The composition of the belts includes frontal, chin, chest, femoral and abdominal belts, while locks are installed on the abdominal belts, and metal carbines on the chest and femoral belts.

The difference between the tow truck and analogues and prototype is that:

1. Extraction slings, loops and femoral belts are a single inextricable structure on which the entire main load falls.

2. Slings inside the tow truck’s body are wrapped concentrically around wooden battens, therefore the load from the hull material is distributed evenly on the slats and this sharply reduces the risk of the lines breaking off the tow truck’s body and the allowable load increases during evacuation of the injured person.

3. In addition, horizontal belts form a kind of fabric frame around the victim’s body on top of wooden battens and once again increase the payload, since the victim can be pulled out of a hard-to-reach place in any position without risk of rupture of the tow truck body.

4. Metal carabiners on the femoral and chest slings have a payload of 180 kg each, thereby eliminating the risk of clipping and opening of carabiners.

5. The air cushion when boosting independently eliminates any residual space in the interscapular and posterior cervical areas. It is also an additional buffer and protection in case of accidental hits in this area during evacuation.

The invention is illustrated in figures 1-6. Figure 1 shows the device of the tow truck from the inside, figure 2 shows a view of the tow truck from the outside, figure 3 shows the weaving of the lines in the body of the tow truck. Figure 4 shows the use of a tow truck in case of fixation of the thoracic region, and figure 5 - in case of fixation of the lower leg. Figure 6 shows an example of the extraction of the victim from a hard-to-reach place.

Figure 1-3 shows a tow truck, which contains a fabric case 1 with a central part 1A and two side parts 1b, wooden slats 11, an axial exhaust loop 4 and side exhaust belts 8, frontal belt 5, chin belt 6, abdominal belts 7. Figure 1 also shows the short end of the femoral belt 9 and the long end of the femoral belt 10. On the abdominal belts 7 are mounted locks 12, for example, fastex. On the femoral 10 and chest strap 14, made in the form of climbing lines, a metal carabiner 13 is installed. Figure 2 shows a pocket 2 for a removable air bag. The internal structure of the tow truck is shown in figure 3, which shows the weaving of wooden slats 11 by belts.

Housing 1 tow truck is made of dense and waterproof material.

Inside the housing 1, birch rails 11 are passed along to create a flat and reliable surface when removing the victim.

Around the main axial rails 11, an exhaust sling 4a is threaded concentrically and wrapped around it, the free ends of which, going to the surface of the tow truck, form a stretch loop 4 and femoral belts 8. Thus, the stretch loop 4 and femoral belts 8 represent a single sling, on which accounted for the main load.

To fix the chest and abdominal sections of the victim, belts 7 with locks 12 and belts 14 with carabiner 13 are sewn into the tow truck’s body from the inside. This eliminates the loss of the victim from the tow truck when it is possible to be thrown forward, and also excludes the victim’s mobility inside the tow truck.

Exhaust loops 4, femoral, chest 14 and abdominal belts 7 are firmly sewn into the body 1 of the tow truck from the surface external from the rails 11 and form a kind of a single loop frame that distributes the load on the body 1 of the tow truck. This allows the extraction of patients weighing up to 200 kg.

Unlike existing analogues, a pneumatic inflatable pillow is used to remove residual space in the interscapular and cervical regions, which independently easily adapts to any configuration. It also serves as a kind of buffer and body protection in case of possible blows in these areas during the evacuation of the victim.

To accommodate a pneumatic cushion, a special cloth pocket 2 is sewn into the tow truck body from the inside.

The head is fixed in the tow truck with frontal 5 and chin straps 6, which are attached to the head wings 15 of the tow truck around the head.

The tow truck is used as follows. To immobilize the cervical and thoracic spine before applying a medical evacuator, the whole complex of anti-shock measures is carried out. The imposition of a tow truck does not provide for the removal of clothing. Preferably, before applying the tow truck, it is necessary to fix the cervical spine by any means currently available. When unfolded, the product is wound behind the victim’s back (if initially he is seated, as in a car accident) or under the back (if the victim is lying on the surface). The lateral head parts 15 (head wings) of the tow truck are straightened and applied to the side surface of the victim’s head (see figure 4). Using the frontal 5 and chin 6 belts, the head wings 15 are fixed. Abdominal belts 7 straighten and fasten in the following sequence: middle, lower, upper. The abdominal belts 7 are tightened until the abdominal wings of the tow truck are snug against the surface of the abdomen and chest. An air bag inflated in pocket 2 is inflated to eliminate the free space between the tow truck, the chest and cervical parts of the victim. In this case, the body of the victim is slightly shifted forward. If necessary, frontal 5 and chin 6 belts can be reinstalled. The long ends of the femoral belts 10 are pulled out and spread between the legs of the victim, they cover the front surface of the thigh, fasten to the short ends of the femoral belts 9 corresponding to them on the rear surface of the tow truck. The thigh straps are tightened to fit snugly against the surface of the thigh. All locks and carbines are checked: they must be fastened. The tow truck fits snugly to the victim’s body. After that, pulling the axial 4 and side loops 9-10, the victim is removed from a limited space without additional trauma.

When immobilizing the lower limb with a thigh injury, the entire complex of anti-shock measures is also carried out before applying a medical tow truck. The product in the unfolded state is wound under the back (in case the injured person lies on the surface). In this case, the head wings 15 of the tow truck should be directed to the knees of the victim (see figure 5). The head wings 16 of the tow truck are straightened and applied to the side surface of the affected limb. Using the frontal 5 and chin 6 belts, the head wings 15 of the tow truck are fixed to the limb. The abdominal belts 7 and the chest belt 14 are straightened and fastened in the following sequence: middle, lower, upper. The abdominal belts 7 and the chest belt 14 are tightened until the abdominal wings of the tow truck are snug against the surface of the abdomen and chest. The long ends of the femoral belts 10 are pulled out and straightened, and, covering the front surface of the chest through the shoulder, fasten to the corresponding short ends of the femoral belts 9 on the rear surface of the tow truck. The femoral straps 10 are tightened to fit snugly against the surface of the chest. All locks 12 and carabiners 13 are checked: they must be fastened. The tow truck fits snugly to the victim’s body. To fix the lower half of the thigh, lower leg and foot, a pneumatic or vacuum tire is applied over the tow truck in the usual manner for it. After this, the victim is transferred to a stretcher for subsequent evacuation to a medical institution.

After each use, tow truck surfaces must be sanitized accordingly.

Examples of using a tow truck.

Patient N., age 42 years old, weight 84 kg, height 176 cm, severely injured as a result of falling into the elevator shaft, with a closed craniocerebral injury, trauma to the cervical spine, a fracture with a displacement of the left forearm, a fracture of the bones of the right lower leg, the whole complex anti-shock measures, impose a cervical collar, a vacuum tire on the right leg, a vacuum tire on the area of the left upper limb, after which a pre-prepared tow truck is carefully brought behind the back.

In this case, the head wings of the tow truck are straightened and applied to the side surface of the victim’s head. Using the frontal and chin straps, the head wings are fixed. Abdominal belts straighten and fasten in the following sequence: middle, lower, upper.

The abdominal belts are tightened until the abdominal wings of the tow truck are snug against the surface of the abdomen and chest. An air cushion is inflated to eliminate the free space between the tow truck, the rear-thoracic and cervical parts of the victim. In this case, the body of the victim is slightly shifted forward.

The long ends of the femoral belts are pulled out and straightened between the legs of the victim and, covering the front surface of the thigh, are fastened to the corresponding short ends of the femoral belts on the rear surface of the tow truck. Femoral straps are tightened to fit snugly against the surface of the thigh in the groin fold.

All locks and carbines are checked. The tow truck fits snugly to the victim’s body. Impose a kerchief bandage on the left upper limb.

After that, pulling the axial and side belts, the victim is removed, as shown in Fig.6, from a limited space without additional trauma.

The victim in the tow truck is placed on a stretcher, placed in a medical transport and sent to a trauma hospital.

A vehicle transporting an immobilized patient moves at an average speed of about 90 km / h, and on curved sections of the road (highway) and its irregularities, various parts of the body of a seriously injured patient undergo accelerations of different modulus and angle due to the inertial forces acting on them. But due to the rigid fixation of the injured areas of the body of the immobilized patient, absolutely no displacement of the damaged bones of the skeleton relative to each other occurs, as well as displacements in the tissues of his body resulting from injuries of fragments and chips of the bones mentioned. Upon arrival at the specified medical institution, the immobilized patient is transferred, together with the device, by the specialized staff of this institution to the medical office according to the indications for treatment, where he unfastens the belts, carabiners and evacuation belts and releases him from fixing the spinal spine. Vacuum tires and a neck collar are removed from the victim’s body in the usual way.

The patient is ready to continue surgical treatment for serious, but compatible with life injuries received by him.

Patient N., age 32 years old, weight 74 kg, height 179 cm, seriously injured as a result of a fall in the hold of a ship, with a closed head injury, a trauma to the thoracic spine, a fracture with a displacement of the left forearm, the whole complex of antishock measures is performed, impose a vacuum tire to the region of the left upper limb, after which a previously prepared tow truck is carefully brought behind the back.

In this case, the head wings of the tow truck are straightened and applied to the side surface of the victim’s head. Using the frontal and chin straps, the head wings are fixed. Abdominal belts straighten and fasten in the following sequence: middle, lower, upper.

The abdominal belts are tightened until the abdominal wings of the tow truck are snug against the surface of the abdomen and chest. An air bag is inflated to eliminate the free space between the tow truck, the rear-thoracic and cervical parts of the victim. In this case, the body of the victim is slightly shifted forward.

The long ends of the femoral belts are pulled out and straightened between the legs of the victim and, covering the front surface of the thigh, are fastened to the corresponding short ends of the femoral belts on the rear surface of the tow truck.

Femoral straps are tightened to fit snugly against the surface of the thigh in the groin fold. All locks and carbines are checked. The tow truck fits snugly to the victim’s body. Impose a kerchief bandage on the left upper limb.

After that, pulling the axial and side belts, the injured is removed from the hold of the ship without additional trauma.

The injured in a tow truck is placed on a stretcher, transferred to a medical transport and sent to a trauma hospital.

A vehicle transporting an immobilized patient moves at an average speed of about 85 km / h, and on curved sections of the road (highway) and its irregularities, various parts of the body of a seriously injured patient undergo accelerations of different modulus and angle due to the inertial forces acting on them. But due to the rigid fixation of the injured areas of the body of the immobilized patient, absolutely no displacement of the damaged bones of the skeleton relative to each other occurs, as well as displacements in the tissues of his body resulting from injuries of fragments and chips of the bones mentioned. Upon arrival at the specified medical institution, the immobilized patient is moved with the device by the specialized staff of this institution to the X-ray room, where an X-ray examination of the spinal section is performed. In the future, the patient is transferred to the operating unit, where he unfastens the belts, carabiners and belts of the tow truck, he is released from the tow truck. Vacuum tires and a neck collar are removed from the victim’s body in the usual way.

The patient is ready to continue surgical treatment for serious, but compatible with life injuries received by him.

Claims (4)

1. A tow truck containing a central part with a longitudinal axis, two lateral parts for supporting the body and two lateral head parts for fixing the head, perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, locks, exhaust loops, belts and stiffeners located in the central and lateral parts, characterized in that the upper part with the head parts is equipped with frontal and chin straps, mountaineering slings with locks and a carbine are sewn into the central part from the outside, and on the inside of the central part there is a pneumatic pocket cushion, while the stiffeners are made in the form of rails and placed in the central part, and the belt is interlaced around the stiffeners and has ends that are released from the inside and form loops to extract the victim. 2. Tow truck according to claim 1, characterized in that adhesive tapes are sewn on the outer surface of the side parts for fixing the head. 3. The tow truck according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the locks in the side parts is made in the form of a metal carbine. 4. The tow truck according to claim 1, characterized in that the frontal, chin, thoracic, femoral and abdominal belts are included in the composition of the belts, while locks are installed on the abdominal belts, and metal carbines on the chest and femoral belts.

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