RU2357393C1 - Pneumatic seed distributor - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention is designed for precise sowing of row crops. The apparatus comprises a casing, an intake chamber and a vacuum chamber. A seeding disc with suction holes and a central rubber agitator are mounted on a horizontal shaft between the intake and vacuum chambers. A plate reflector for removing seed excesses adheres to the end face plane of the seeding disc. A guiding seed dropper is set in the lower casing part. The guiding dropper consists of a casing made as a hollow cylinder. It is mounted so that the dropper is placed in the seed dropping zone and adheres to the end face plane of the seeding disc. A seed guide made as a gutter is fixed at the lower part of the guiding dropper. The gutter is curved as an arch in the direction opposite to the direction of the seed distributor motion. The dropper is pivotally connected to the guiding dropper with the possibility to alter the inclination angle in respect to horizon. The guiding dropper allows for the adjustment of seed motion speed by selecting guides with different radiuses of curvature.

EFFECT: invention provides for increasing uniformity of the seeds distribution along the length and width of the row when sowing different row crops.

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Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to the sowing apparatus of precision seed drills for row crops.

State of the art

Known combined coulter having a ridge, skid-shaped opener, a seal made in the form of two spherical disks of radius R, located at an angle to the vertical plane, zagortachki made in the form of two brushes intersecting at an angle, and the track roller section. The pressure of the sealant on the soil is regulated by a spring, the scraper removes adhering soil from the roller (see patent for invention RU No. 2274990, IPC АСС 7/20, 2006).

The disadvantages of this tool include the uneven distribution and placement of seeds in the groove and sticking of the soil with an increase in its moisture content.

Known opener containing narralnik, sealant and guide seeds. The sealant is made in the form of a rotating roller, the cross-sectional profile of which is a rhombus with rounded corners. The seed guide in the coulter has the form of a brachistochron (curve of the fastest descent) (see patent for invention RU No. 2220528, IPC АСС 7/20, 2002).

The disadvantage of this invention is the inability to adjust the curvilinear descent, made in the form of a brachistochrone, as a result of which, when sowing various row crops, uneven distribution of plants in the row is observed.

Closest to the technical nature of the present invention is a pneumatic metering device, including a hopper, a housing with a seed chamber, a cover with a vacuum chamber. In the housing there is a vertical sowing disk with suction holes. At the place of ejection, a seed ejector, curved along a parabolic curve and cut off at the point of contact with the plane of the disk, is adjacent to the seed disc so that the edges of the cut are located on both sides of the trajectory of the suction holes. A guide is fixed to the bottom of the latter, made in the form of a trough curved in a tautochronous curve in the direction opposite to the direction of movement of the sowing unit (see patent for invention RU No. 2205529, IPC АСС 7/20, 2003).

The disadvantages of this invention are the uneven distribution of seeds of various row crops due to the lack of the ability to adjust the curved guide, the complexity of the design.

Disclosure of invention

The technical result that can be achieved using the present invention is to increase the uniformity of the distribution of seeds along the length and width of the row when sowing various row crops.

The technical result is achieved using a pneumatic sowing device, comprising a housing with a suction chamber and a vacuum chamber, between which a sowing disk with suction holes and a plate reflector for removing “extra” seeds are vertically mounted adjacent to the end plane of the sowing disk, on the horizontal drive shaft of which is installed central rubber tedder. In the lower part of the casing, a seed ejection guide is installed, consisting of a hollow cylinder body with an ejector pivotally attached to it, the ejector guide housing being installed so that the ejector, adjacent to the end surface of the seed disc, is located in the ejection zone seed, while the ejector is made with the possibility of changing the angle of inclination to the horizon, to the bottom of the housing of the ejector-guide attached seed guide, made in the form of a gutter, zognutogo the arc in the direction opposite to the direction of travel of the sowing machine. In this case, the ejector-guide is made with the possibility of controlling the speed of movement of seeds by selecting guides with different radii of curvature of the surfaces.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Figure 1 shows a pneumatic metering device, side view.

Figure 2 shows the ejector-guide.

The implementation of the invention

Pneumatic sowing apparatus (figure 1) contains a housing 1, a sampling chamber 2 and a vacuum chamber (not shown), between which on a horizontal shaft 3 there is a metering disk 4 with suction holes 5 and a plate reflector 6 to remove "excess" seeds, adjacent to the end plane of the sowing disk, next to the sowing disk 4 on the horizontal shaft 3 is installed a central rubber agitator 7. In the lower part of the housing 1 of the sowing apparatus there is a seed ejection guide consisting of a housing 8, filled in the form of a hollow cylinder, with a pivotally attached ejector 9 (Fig.2), and it is installed in such a way that the ejector 9, adjacent to the end surface of the sowing disk 4, is located in the zone of discharge of seeds. To the lower part of the housing 8 of the ejector-guide is attached the seed guide 10, made in the form of a trough, curved in an arc in the direction opposite to the direction of movement of the metering unit.

The operation of a pneumatic metering device is as follows.

Seeds (Fig. 1) from a hopper (not shown) enter the intake chamber 2 of the metering unit body 1, from which they are sucked into the suction holes 5 of the metering disk 4 under the action of a vacuum created in the vacuum chamber (not shown). Rotating together with the metering device disk 4, the seeds from the intake chamber 2 are transferred to the plate reflector 6, under the influence of which the "excess" sucked seeds are returned back to the intake chamber 2. Next, the seeds are transported by the sowing disk 4 to the discharge zone, where they are discarded under the action A 9 are removed from the seed disc 4 and are sent to the diverter housing 8 of the guide-through which slide in guide 10 and then down along its surface and deposited into the furrow. While the ejector 9 (Fig.2) is attached to the housing 8 of the ejector-guide pivotally with the possibility of changing the angle of inclination to the horizon.

The main kinematic condition for the smallest dispersion of seeds in the longitudinal direction is: V _g = V _d , i.e. the equality of the horizontal component of the speed of the seed at the time of ejection and the speed of the seeder. Under this condition, the absolute speed of the seeds approaches zero and their fall occurs along a trajectory close to the vertical. Since the seeds of various row crops have different physical and mechanical properties, this condition can be achieved by replacing the curved guide 10 with one radius of rounding by another, corresponding to the sowing row crop.

The invention in comparison with the prototype and other known technical solutions has the following advantages:

- eliminates the phenomenon of redistribution of seeds of row crops in a row during sowing;

- increases the uniformity of the distribution of seeds of row crops in a row during sowing.

Claims (1)

Pneumatic sowing apparatus, comprising a housing with a suction chamber and a rarefaction chamber, between which a sowing disk with suction holes and a plate reflector for removing “extra” seeds are vertically mounted adjacent to the end plane of the sowing disk, on the horizontal drive shaft of which a central rubber agitator is installed, characterized by the fact that in the lower part of the casing there is a seed ejector-guide consisting of a casing made in the form of a hollow cylinder with a hinged attachment captured by the ejector, and the case of the ejector-guide is installed so that the ejector is located in the zone of dropping seeds and adjacent to the end surface of the sowing disk, while the ejector is configured to change the angle of inclination to the horizon, and attached to the lower part of the case of the ejector-guide seed guide, which is made in the form of a gutter curved in an arc in the direction opposite to the direction of movement of the sowing apparatus, while the ejector-guide is made with possibility of regulating the speed of seeds by adjusting the guide with different radii of curvature surfaces.

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