RU2038716C1 - Working tool for loosening soil and placing fertilizers - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering. SUBSTANCE: tool comprises flat loosener 1 secured on body 2 and provided with channels 3 and 4 for fertilizer and seeds. Seed channel 4 accommodates a wedge-shaped divider which guides the flow of seeds onto left-handed and right-handed augers of seed distributor 5. Driven gear 8 mounted on a common axle with augers is installed in the niche of wedge-shaped divider 9. Seed tray 6 of auger distributor 5 has a profiled slot. Dripping water duct 11 is installed under rear edge of loosener 1. In operation, loosener 1 cuts into the soil and loosens it. Augers are rotated by gear 8 and throw seeds through the slot in tray 6. Fertilizer falls into the soil through channel 3 and is pressed by gear 8 below the seed level. The zone of falling seeds is moistened with water or nutrient solution through holes of water duct 11. EFFECT: improved design. 4 cl, 4 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to agricultural machinery.

 Known working body for loosening the soil and making it granular materials, in particular seeds. The coulter contains a hollow stand with a paw and a distributor installed in it, made in the form of a series of screws enclosed in casings, while the coulter is equipped with a vertical freely rotatable disk, which is installed on the side of the additional casing and at an angle to the direction of movement of the coulter. The metering units of the distributor are kinematically connected to the disk.

 The disadvantage of this coulter is the need to introduce a kinematic transmission from the drive disk to the seed distributors, which greatly complicates the design, and there is no possibility of introducing starting moisture or nutrient solutions.

 The closest in technical essence and the achieved effect to the invention is a working body for loosening the soil and applying fertilizer to it, containing a plane-cutting loosening body, a housing with a channel for fertilizers, screw distributors, an auger drive element made in the form of a gear located between the screws and having a diameter greater than the diameter of the screws.

 However, this device does not allow the use of the feed channel for feeding the grain to the screws, since it, getting on the gear wheel, which serves as a flow separator, will be crushed and pressed into the soil. The diameter of the gear wheel is not consistent with the parameters of the screws and sown seeds, and in the case of sowing seeds with a large diameter of the gear wheel there will be increased intervals between the sown grains, with a small diameter small intervals.

 This device solves the problem of uniform and consistent with the agrotechnical requirements of sowing seeds simultaneously with the introduction of fertilizer and water or nutrient solutions into the soil.

, где D наружный диаметр зубчатого колеса;
d наружный диаметр шнека;
h шаг шнека;
К_з.ш. коэффициент заполнения шнека;
l_с среднее расстояние между соседними посеянными семенами;
V_с объем одного зерна;
К_у коэффициент, учитывающий форму зерен;
l_п полная ширина полосы посева рабочим органом.To solve the problem in the working body for loosening the soil and applying fertilizer to it, containing a flat cultivator, a housing with a channel for fertilizers, screw distributors, an auger drive element made in the form of a gear located between the screws, according to the invention, an additional channel is made in the housing for seeds with a wedge separator of the seed flow placed in it, in the niche of which a gear wheel is installed, and the channel for the fertilizers is equipped with a pallet, cantilever mounted on the body and contacting freedoms th end with a toothed wheel, the toothed wheel diameter is determined by the formula
D =

where D is the outer diameter of the gear;
d outer diameter of the screw;
h auger pitch;
To _z.sh. screw filling ratio;
l _{c is the} average distance between adjacent sown seeds;
V _{with the} volume of one grain;
K _y coefficient taking into account the shape of the grains;
l _{p the} full width of the sowing strip by the working body

 In addition, a drip conduit is installed under the trailing edge of the cultivator, and the housing of the seed distributor is equipped with removable strips with holes along the pitch of the rows.

 In addition, the teeth of the wheel have a front plane perpendicular to the tangent to the circle, and the rear surface is made in the form of a smoothly converging surface.

 The implementation of the channels of supply of fertilizers and seeds in the case of the working body ensures the simultaneous application of fertilizers and seeds, the installation of the gear in the niche of the channel of the wedge separator of the seed flow eliminates the possibility of injury during sowing, and compliance with the specified ratio between the diameter of the gear and the parameters of the screw, sown seeds and sowing patterns increase the uniformity of sowing seeds.

 Equipping the working body with a drip conduit makes it possible to subsoilly introduce moisture or nutrient solutions to the depth of seed placement, and supplying the housing of the seed distributor with removable strips with holes along the row pitch provides the transition from spread sowing to row sowing over the entire width of the loosening organ.

 In FIG. 1 shows the proposed working body, side view in FIG. 2 same, top view; in FIG. 3 variant of the case of auger spreader with removable slats; on fig; 4 removable strap.

 The working body for loosening the soil and making fertilizers in it contains a plane-cutting cultivator 1, which is attached to the housing 2 with separate channels 3 and 4 for fertilizers and seeds. A screw distributor of 5 seeds is installed in a casing consisting of two parts: the upper part formed by the cultivator 1 and the lower part forming a seed tray 6, in which a profiled slit is made to ensure uniform distribution of seeds over the width of the capture, the profile of which is determined experimentally (Fig. . 3). A tray of 6 seeds is attached to the top of the casing.

 If it is necessary to conduct row seeding, the slot is closed by a removable bar 7 having outlet openings, the distance between which determines the seeding step in rows.

 The gear wheel 8 is installed in the niche of the wedge separator 9 of the seed flow and has a common axis with the screws of the distributor 5.

.The diameter of the gear 8, which is the drive of the distributor 5 seeds, is determined by the formula
D =

.

 The teeth of the wheel have a front plane perpendicular to the tangent to the circle, and the rear surface of the teeth is made in the form of a smoothly descending surface. Under the channel 3 for fertilizers, an elastic pallet 10 of fertilizers is cantilevered, contacting the free end with the gear 8. A drip conduit 11 is installed under the rear edge of the ripper 1. Using the suspension device 12, the working tool is mounted on the seeder.

 The working body for loosening the soil and fertilizing it works as follows.

78,12 мм.Before sowing seeds, depending on the sowing crop, the diameter of the gear wheel is selected 8. For example, when installing the working body on the C3-3.6 seeders with a 300 mm sowing strip and 40 mm grain spacing, the diameter of the gear wheel for sowing wheat with a grain size of 8 x 4 mm , the filling factor of the screw To _{C. W} 0.5, a coefficient taking into account the shape of the grains, K _y 0.8, screw diameter 20 mm, screw pitch 15 mm will be equal to

78.12 mm.

 When moving the working body, the cultivator 1 is buried in the soil and loosens it. Seeds enter the channel 4 seeds to the wedge separator 9, which divides the flow of seeds into the left and right augers of seed supply.

 Gear 8 due to traction with the soil makes a rotational movement. Simultaneously with the gear wheel 8 rotates the screws of the distributor 5 seeds. Getting on the screws of the dispenser 5, the seeds on the seed pan 6 are moved and thrown into the soil through the gap along the entire width of the capture. The fertilizers enter channel 3 for the fertilizer onto the pallet 10 of the fertilizer 10, which vibrates due to contact with the gear 8, and descends from it into the soil under the gear disc 8, which presses them into the soil below the seed placement level. In the zone of falling seeds from the holes of the conduit 11, water or a nutrient solution is supplied.

 The working body can be used for sowing various crops. When switching to another culture, a gear wheel is replaced, the diameter of which is calculated by the specified formula.

Claims (4)

1. A WORKING BODY FOR LUBRICATING SOIL AND APPLYING FERTILIZERS IN IT, containing a plane-cultivating cultivator, a housing with a feed channel, a screw distributor and an auger drive element made in the form of a gear wheel and located between the screws, the feed channel being equipped with a pallet, cantilever mounted on the casing and in contact with the free end with the gear wheel, characterized in that the casing has an additional channel for feeding seeds with a wedge-shaped separator of the seed flow placed in it, while the gear wheel is installed in the niche of the flow separator and has a diameter that is determined by the formula

where D is the outer diameter of the gear;
d outer diameter of the screw;
h auger fill factor;
K _{z w the} average distance between adjacent sown seeds;
V _{with the} volume of one grain;
K _y coefficient taking into account the shape of the grains;
l _{with the} full width of the strip of sowing one working body.  2. The working body according to claim 1, characterized in that a drip conduit is installed under the trailing edge of the loosening organ over the entire width of the grip.  3. The working body according to claim 1, characterized in that the teeth of the wheel have a front surface located in the radial plane of the wheel and a rear surface located at an acute angle to the tangent to the circumference of the wheel.  4. The working body according to claim 1, characterized in that the housing of the seed distributor is equipped with removable strips with holes along the pitch of the rows.

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