RU2353085C1 - Method of treating cucumber plants with chitosan against gallic eelworm (meloidogyne spp) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. ^ SUBSTANCE: when plants are growing under coverage, low molecular chitosan dissolved in a 0.025% aqueous solution of amber acid is applied under the roots at 25 mg per plant. Complex mineral fertiliser is also put at the same time. Treatment is repeated twice a month for the whole vegetation period of the plants. ^ EFFECT: protecting cucumber plants from gallic eelworm, Meloidogyne incognita. ^ 6 tbl, 5 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, namely to phytohelminthology, and can be used to reduce the pathogenic effect of the gall nematode on cucumber plants. In modern agriculture, preparations based on chitosan are widely used, in particular, to combat fungal infection (1). A complex method is known for pre-sowing seed treatment of cucumber against gall nematode (2), the disadvantage of which is the short duration of the drug’s effect on the resistance of cucumber plants to Meloidogyne incognita, and the rest of the growing season (5–9 months), the plants remain unprotected from invasive larvae of gall nematodes penetrating the root system .

The essence of the proposed method consists in the simultaneous introduction of 0.025% low molecular weight (25 kDa) chitosan (HMX), dissolved in a 0.025% aqueous solution of succinic acid, at the rate of 25 mg per plant and solutions of mineral fertilizers (potassium, phosphoric, nitric, magnesium). Due to its structure, the NMX used by us penetrates into the root system of a plant better than high molecular weight. To obtain a sustainable effect in greenhouses, the introduction of chitosan should be repeated. In greenhouses, fertilizing with mineral fertilizers is regularly carried out. The simultaneous application of HMX with complex mineral top dressing of plants (K, P, N, Mg) significantly reduces the infection of the root system of cucumbers with a gall nematode, thereby prolonging the growing season and fruiting of plants, and also significantly reduces material costs for processing plants.

The aim of this invention is to increase the resistance of cucumber plants to the gall nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) Throughout the growing season of plants. The goal is achieved through the simultaneous introduction of low molecular weight chitosan as an agent that increases the resistance of plants to gall nematode infection and complex mineral fertilizer, which is part of the regular feeding of plants throughout the entire growing season of cucumber plants in industrial greenhouses.

Example 1. Obtaining a solution of NMX and processing it with 100 plants of cucumber in a growing experiment.

We dilute 2.5 g of HMX in 250 ml of 1% succinic acid (2.5 g in 250 ml of water), we get a 1% colloidal solution of chitosan, to obtain a 0.025% solution we bring its amount with water to 10 liters.

Example 2. Processing NMX 1000 plants in industrial greenhouses. In 2.5 l of water we dilute 25 g of succinic acid (1%) and 25 g of HMX are added to the same solution. After complete dissolution of chitosan in succinic acid solution (within 10-12 hours), the resulting colloidal solution is diluted with water to 10 l and poured into a solution with complex fertilizers. Depending on the volume of water in the tank, we add from 0.5 to 1 liter of the obtained preparation for each plant so that 25 mg of chitosan per 1 plant.

Examples of specific performance

Example 3. The effectiveness of processing plants of cucumber with solutions of NMX in concentrations of 5, 10, 20, 25 and 30 mg per plant.

30 seeds of the Relay Relay cultivar of each variant were soaked for 24 hours, then sown in the soil and when the first true leaf appeared in the plants, they were infected with a nematode at the rate of 1,500 Meloidogyne incognita larvae under the root of each plant. At the same time as infection, 50 ml of HMX solution was introduced under the plants for each variant of its concentration. Control is water. The experiment lasted 25 days. Infection of the root system of plant seedlings with nematodes was evaluated on a 4-point scale (1 point - up to 5 galls on the roots of plants; 2 - 6-15; 3 - 16-25 and 4 points - over 26 galls). The roots of the cucumber plants were washed from the soil and the number of galls was counted under a binocular magnifier.

The intensity of the lesion (I) in points was determined by the formula:

,

(а×в) - сумма произведений числа растений на соответствующий балл поражения, N - общее количество учтенных растений, n - число непораженных растений.Where

(a × c) is the sum of the products of the number of plants per corresponding damage score, N is the total number of registered plants, n is the number of unaffected plants.

The results of the example are presented in table 1 (see the end of the description). From table 1 it is seen that the most effective was the treatment of plants of cucumber NMX at a dose of 25 and 30 mg / plant.

Since the average infection score in these variants did not differ significantly, in further studies, NMX solutions were used at the rate of 25 mg NMX per plant.

Example 4. In the growing experiment on plants of the variety "Relay" studied the effect of HMX together with mineral fertilizers. 30 seeds of cucumbers of each variant were soaked for 24 hours, sown in the soil, and when the first true leaf appeared in plants, they were infected with M. incognita larvae at the rate of 10 thousand larvae under the root of each plant. At the same time, the following was added under the plants: Option 1 — 0.025% HMX solution; Option 2 - 0.2% aqueous solution of mineral fertilizers; Option 3 - 0.025% HMX and 0.2% aqueous solution of mineral fertilizers; 4 control option - water. Used mineral fertilizers used to feed plants under production conditions: potassium sulfate - potassium fertilizer (contains 45-50% K ₂ O); phosphorus fertilizer - superphosphate (46-49% P ₂ O ₅ ), nitrogen - urea (N 46%) and magnesium - dolomite flour (18-20% MgO) in a ratio of 1: 1: 1: 1 weight fractions. We prepare a 0.5% fertilizer solution. Water-insoluble phosphorus fertilizer is applied to the soil separately before planting. The experiment lasted 75 days. Infection of the root system of plants with nematodes was evaluated on a 4-point scale, in size and number of galls per 1 g of root, and the development of larvae and fertility of adult female nematodes were also evaluated. The results of the experiment are given in tables 2, 3 and 4 (see the end of the description). The treatment of cucumber plants with mineral fertilizers alone had little effect on the infection of plants and the development of nematodes. Least of all plants were infected in the variants of various treatments with chitosan, and the treatment option of NMX cucumbers with mineral fertilizers showed the best results for all studied parameters.

Example 5. Under production conditions, the NMX at the rate of 25 mg per plant was applied together with mineral fertilizers under the roots of vegetating plants. The introduction of the complex preparation was carried out 2 times a month throughout the entire vegetation of plants. The results of taking into account the effectiveness of the joint application of a solution of NMX in 1% succinic acid and a solution of mineral fertilizers are presented in Tables 5 and 6 (see the end of the description). At the end of the growing season, control 100% of the plants were infected with a nematode, the number of larvae increased 3 times. Visually, only 38% of the experimental plants were infected with M. incognita, and the number of larvae in the soil increased slightly. Thus, in the experiment from 1 hectare, 36 tons more cucumbers were obtained than in the control.

The results show that the use of HMX in conjunction with a complex of mineral fertilizers during the growing season increases the resistance of plants to the gall nematode, increases the yield per square meter of production greenhouses, and extends the growing season of plants. This combination of substances is environmentally friendly and can be used at any time during the development of plants.

Information sources

1. Novozhilov KV, Tyuterev SL, Yakubchik M.S. et al. Composition based on aqueous solutions of chitosan with biological activity. Pat. No. 2127056 dated 1999.03.10.

2. Udalova VB The method of pre-sowing complex treatment of cucumber seeds against gall nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.). Pat. No. 2193834 dated 12/10/2002.

Table 1 Number of plants The dose of chitosan per plant, mg The number of infected plants by points And, score 0 one 2 3 four thirty 5 - - - 17 13 3,5 thirty 10 - 2 5 10 fifteen 3.4 thirty twenty - four 7 9 10 2,8 thirty 25 - 8 9 5 6 2.1 thirty thirty - 13 9 3 5 2.0 thirty Control (water) - - - - thirty 4.0

Table 2. Experience option Infection score Max size mm Wednesday gall size, mm Larvae, females Chitosan four 10 6.5 thickened larvae Chitosan + min. fertilizers four 9.5 5.9 thickened larvae Mineral fertilizers four 13.8 10.9 bottle-shaped larvae Control (water) four 24.0 11.5 bottle-shaped larvae

Table 3. Experience option Max gall size (length x width, mm ² ) Average gall size (length x width, mm ² ) The number of galls per 1 g of root Chitosan 180 3.74 136 Chitosan + min. fertilizers 108 2.75 110 Mineral fertilizers 220 10.64 164 Control (water) 600 8.60 196

Table 4. Experience option The average number of swellings per 1 g of root Average number of eggs in the ooteca PC. % of control PC. % of control Chitosan 58 20.8 141 67 Chitosan + min. fertilizers 46 16.5 84 40 Mineral fertilizers 318 114 232 110 Control (water) 278 one hundred 210 one hundred

Table 5. Economic indicators experience the control Productivity, kg / m ² , in 2005 eighteen twenty In 2006 21.6 19.5 Additional yield, kg / m ² a) compared with 2005 3.6 -0.5 b) compared with control (2006) 2.1

Table 6. Accounting date The number of larvae per 10 g of soil % infected plants 05/04/06 TO 12013 70 ABOUT 2803 thirty 06/19/06 TO 16520 80 ABOUT 2340 32 08/01/06 TO 18250 one hundred ABOUT 3170 38

Claims (1)

A method of treating cucumber plants with chitosan against a gall nematode, which consists in simultaneously introducing 0.025% low molecular weight (25 kDa) chitosan dissolved in a 0.025% aqueous solution of succinic acid under the roots of vegetating plants at a rate of 25 mg per plant and solutions of mineral fertilizers (potash phosphorus, nitrogen, magnesium).