RU2352805C1 - Jet-cavitation ejector to prepare water-fuel emulsion - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to engine production, particularly, to ICE fuel systems. Jet-cavitation ejector is designed to prepare water-fuel emulsion and to feed it into ICE fuel system and consists of the casing and active jet. The said active circular jet can move along ejector casing. The ejector comprises also the holes communicating the casing inner chamber with water feed tank, a fixed diffuser connected to the casing end face. The proposed ejector comprises additionally a membrane-type vacuum chamber arranged on the second end face of the casing and consisting of a cup, cover and membrane from elastic material, for example, rubber. The chamber cover accommodates an adjusting device consisting of a screw and coil spring. Screwed in screw acts, via the said spring, onto membrane of the adapter, its one end being connected with the membrane and its other end with the active jet pin. The vacuum chamber cover accommodates a union communicating the chamber with the engine intake manifold and a gland arranged between the vacuum chamber casing and cup. Note that the active jet inside has a through radial hole, tapered hole and groove made along the diameter and furnished with radial holes. Note here that the said tapered and radial holes communicate with that in the casing to communicate the housing chamber with the engine fuel system. Fixed diffuser is connected with the line feeding emulsion into engine.

EFFECT: automatic adjustment of water-fuel emulsion preparation and feed system.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of engine building, namely to internal combustion engines (ICE), in particular to fuel systems.

A device is known for preparing a water-fuel emulsion as a part of a diesel fuel system (RU 2143581, IPC ⁶ F02M 25/022, 2000), comprising a fuel pipe for supplying an emulsion to a diesel fuel system, a water supply tank and an ejector of jet-cavitation type, consisting of a housing , an active nozzle connected to a pipeline for supplying a working fluid from a pressure line of a diesel fuel priming pump, and a dispersing diffuser connected by a pipeline to a suction line of a fuel priming pump sa The ejector contains a suction cup, which is connected via a hose to a water supply tank, the active annular nozzle of the ejector made axially movable along the ejector body, for which it is equipped with a gear that engages with a gear rack, which is moved by means of a mechanical drive, which is connected via kinematic connection with controls for fuel supply and diesel load.

The disadvantages of the known ejector are the lack of efficiency and reliability in various engine operating modes, and the ejector, which is installed in the power system of this device, does not allow you to accurately dose the amount of water supplied to the fuel depending on the speed and load on the engine, which leads to an increase the water content in the fuel emulsion when the engine is idling, namely the deposition and coagulation of water droplets, leading to interruptions in the engine operation mode, and when the mode is average x and maximum loads, on the contrary, the amount of water supplied to the fuel becomes not sufficient, in connection with this work an ejector in the power supply system becomes ineffective. The main disadvantage of this ejector is the complex and expensive kinematic drive, which for some internal combustion engines is impossible to implement, and it is not suitable for all types of engines, i.e. It is not universal in its characteristics.

The technical result of the invention is the automatic adjustment of the system for preparing and supplying water-fuel emulsion to all types of internal combustion engines, in all engine operating modes.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the ejector for the preparation of a water-fuel emulsion, consisting of a housing, which contains an opening connecting the internal cavity of the housing by means of a fitting with a water supply tank, an active nozzle located inside the housing and moving along its longitudinal axis, a stationary diffuser connecting the internal the cavity of the housing with the fuel system, further comprises a nozzle for supplying fuel, mounted on the housing and connecting the internal cavity of the housing with a supply pipe fuel, a membrane-type vacuum chamber mounted on the housing end and consisting of a glass with mounting holes, a lid with a fitting connecting the cavity of the vacuum chamber to the engine intake manifold, a membrane installed between the glass and the lid, an adjustment screw screwed into the lid and interacting with the membrane by means of a spring installed between the membrane and the cap, a second spring installed between the cap and the screw head, which keeps it from turning, the active nozzle contains an axial osnoe hole, an annular groove with a radial hole, and the conical and radial hole communicate with the hole in the housing and connect the internal cavity of the housing with the fuel system of the engine, a pin is fixed at the end of the nozzle, the second end of which is connected to the sleeve, the sleeve is connected to the membrane onto a fixed diffuser a lid is mounted that has an outlet fitting through which a fuel-oil emulsion enters, which then enters the engine power system.

The device is presented in figure 1. It contains a housing 1 with a fitting 5 connecting the internal cavity of the housing with a water tank, and a fitting 6 for supplying fuel into the active nozzle 2, a diffuser 3 is fixed at one end of the housing with a cover 4, which is an outlet fitting, and a vacuum chamber is fixed at the second end screws 19, which consists of a cover 9, in which a fitting 16 is fixed that connects the inner space of the chamber to the intake manifold of the engine, and a glass 18, a membrane 10 of elastic material placed between them, connected together by screws 17; in the middle part, the membrane is clamped by disk washers 11, one of which on the side of the cover 9 abuts the spring 14, the second end of which abuts the screw 12; the stiffness of the spring 14 is regulated by a screw 12 by screwing it into the cover, a spring 13 is installed between the screw head and the cover, which holds the screw from self-loosening; the second disk washer 11 from the side of the bottom of the glass abuts against the sleeve 15, the shank of the sleeve passes through the center of both washers and the membrane, has a thread for connecting the washer and membrane, the end of the shank enters the adjustment spring, keeping it from shifting relative to the longitudinal axis; the second end of the sleeve 15 is connected to the pin 7 of the active nozzle 2, the pin is connected to the nozzle by a threaded connection; the interior of the housing from the side of the vacuum chamber is sealed with an oil seal 8; the nozzle body 2 has a conical part adjacent to the diffuser 3, and a cylindrical part connected to the stud 7 by a threaded connection, inside the nozzle there is an axial, conical hole that is plugged with a stud from the side of the cylindrical part, and communicates with the diffuser on the other side; in the nozzle body there is an annular groove with a radial hole that communicates with the hole in the ejector body, providing fuel supply into the nozzle and further into the diffuser, and the width of the annular groove is sufficient to supply fuel to the diffuser at any position of the nozzle relative to the ejector body.

The ejector operates as follows, when the engine is not started, the active nozzle 2 closes the hole in the diffuser 3 due to the spring 14. After starting the engine, the fuel pump delivers fuel through the nozzle 6 into the nozzle and then into the ejector diffuser, while a vacuum is created in the engine intake manifold , which is transferred through the nozzle 16 into the vacuum chamber, into the space between the membrane 10 and the cover, the membrane bends and compresses the spring 14. Since the membrane is rigidly connected through the connecting sleeve 15 and the stud 7 with the active th 2, the active nozzle moves along, which departs from the fixed diffuser 3, and opens the water supply hole of the container. As the engine load increases, the vacuum in the intake manifold increases, the membrane bends more and the active nozzle moves more away from the stationary diffuser 3, increasing the water supply. After stopping the engine due to the spring 14, the membrane with the active nozzle returns to its original position and closes the hole in the stationary diffuser 3 of the water supply. Thus, there is an automatic adjustment of the water supply depending on the load on the engine.

Experimental studies that were carried out on a BA3-1111 car showed that the concentration of harmful components in the exhaust gases decreased by 1.5 times when working on water-fuel emulsion, due to better and more accurate adjustment compared to the prototype. Gas analysis was performed using a GIAM-23 gas analyzer. Also, this ejector allows you to improve the quality of the combustible mixture in the engine cylinders, since water in the combustion chamber turns into steam, which contributes to a uniform distribution of the mixture throughout the chamber volume and more complete combustion. As a result of the difference in boiling point of water and hydrocarbon fuel during heating, the inner part of the droplet - water - turns into steam, while the droplet shell, consisting of fuel, remains in the liquid state. It is at this time that the drop explodes, additional crushing of the fuel is carried out using the so-called microexplosions, this is the most characteristic feature of the emulsion burning, which contributes to a more complete combustion and improved economic performance of the internal combustion engine. Also, laboratory studies of water-gasoline emulsions show that water increases the octane number of gasoline, improves its fractional composition (all properties in all respects), and increases the detonation resistance of fuel. This allows you to increase the compression ratio, increase engine power, which also increases due to the release of hydrogen at high temperatures (2500 ° C), which is burned as fuel, and, therefore, reduce fuel consumption by 5-7% at the same engine performance, which is confirmed sea trials conducted on the car VA3-1111.

Tests have shown that the engine on water-fuel emulsion works clearly, without interruptions, there is the so-called "softness" in operation, a decrease in detonation with a sharp increase in fuel supply and it is also possible to use low-octane grades of fuel (instead of AI-92, you can use A-80 gasoline with water consumption 15 ... 20% of fuel consumption). The layout of the jet-cavitation ejector for the preparation of a water-fuel emulsion is shown in FIG. 2, the appearance of the ejector is shown in FIG. 3, and the arrangement in the power supply system of the VA3-1111 automobile is shown in FIG. 4.

The ejector for the preparation of water-fuel emulsion has a simple structure, therefore, its manufacture does not require large material costs and is possible in any auto repair shops, car enterprises or fleets. The payback period when using this device is also not significant, which is beneficial from an economic point of view.

Explanations for the drawings.

Figure 1

1 - case 11 - disk washers

2 - active nozzle 12 - adjusting screw

3 - diffuser 13 - adjusting screw spring

4 - diffuser cover 14 - membrane spring

5 - fitting for water supply 15 - connecting sleeve

6 - fitting for fuel supply 16 - fitting

7 - connecting pin 17 - screw of the vacuum chamber cover

8 - oil seal 18 - a glass of the vacuum chamber

9 - a cover of a vacuum chamber 19 - a screw for fastening a vacuum chamber

10 - membrane

Figure 2

20 - fuel tank

21 - fuel pump

22 - ejector

23 - check valve

24 - water tank

25 - intake manifold

- - pipeline with clean fuel

▬ - pipeline with water-fuel emulsion

- трубопровод с разрежением

- pipeline with vacuum

Claims (1)

A jet-cavitation ejector for preparing a water-fuel emulsion, consisting of a housing, an active nozzle, the active annular nozzle of the ejector being axially movable along the ejector housing, an opening connecting the internal cavity of the housing with a water supply container, a stationary diffuser connected to the housing end, different the fact that it further comprises a membrane-type vacuum chamber mounted on the second end of the housing and consisting of a glass, a lid and a membrane of elastic material, for example rubber, an adjustment device consisting of a screw, a cylindrical spring is installed on the chamber cover, and the screw interacts through the spring through the spring with the adapter sleeve membrane, one end of which is connected to the membrane, and the other end with the pin of the active nozzle; a fitting connecting the chamber cavity is installed on the cover of the vacuum chamber with an intake manifold of the engine, an oil seal installed between the housing and the glass of the vacuum chamber, and the active nozzle contains inside an axial, conical hole, a groove in diameter with a portable radial hole, the conical and radial holes being in communication with the hole in the housing and connecting the internal cavity of the housing to the fuel system of the engine, a fixed diffuser is connected to the pipeline for supplying the emulsion to the engine.

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