RU2352733C1 - Masonry unit - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention may be used in production of lime-sand and ceramic bricks, and also hollow blocks made of foam concrete and other mixes. Masonry unit has partitions in bed sides and through cavities of rectangular section. Heat insulation inserts made of cane fiber or cork plates are tightly installed in cavities. Cavities on both sides are closed by metal covers. Blind cavities are arranged in section in the form of truncated cone, their lower wider part is pneumatically communicated with its vertical holes to atmosphere. Ratio of unit wall thickness δ_w to width δ_c of cavity makes 0.9÷1.3. Ratio of partition thickness δ_p to thickness of unit wall δ_w makes 0.8÷1.0. Ratio of outlet opening diameter d_oo of blind cavity to diameter of its wider part d_wp makes 1:2.

EFFECT: higher strength of wall made of suggested masonry unit, and increased heat engineering properties.

4 cl, 9 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the production of hollow products and can be used in the production of silicate and ceramic bricks, as well as hollow block products from foam concrete and other mixtures.

Known wall stone, including the outer walls of the partition, restricting voids, which are located in the zone formed by the base of the stone and conditional bisector planes in two rows, made in the form of cracks, cones or tetrahedral pyramids (Patent No. 1806252, Russia).

Known stone is difficult to manufacture, in its design, it is not intended to reduce heat-shielding properties and increase adhesion to masonry mortar.

A brick is known having voids on the bed sides, made in the form of recesses having in cross section and an ellipse shape (AS No. 393425, USSR).

The well-known brick does not have through voids and heat-shielding properties, which complicates its design and contributes to a significant heat leak from the room.

Known wall block, including vertical through-voids of rectangular cross-section, located in two rows at the side surfaces of the block (A.S. 1825855, USSR).

The well-known wall block does not have heat-shielding properties, and therefore, through its design, a significant heat leak from the room occurs.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed solution is a wall stone, including bearing gypsum concrete layers, separated by through heat-insulating inserts, made of flint (AS No. 1294946, USSR).

The well-known wall stone has a weakening of the vertical power loads due to the presence of through heat-insulating liners in them, its design does not provide for increased adhesion to the masonry mortar, there are no options for its use.

To eliminate these drawbacks, a wall stone is proposed that has through vertical voids on the bed sides, formed by longitudinal and transverse partitions, made of rectangular shape, in which heat-insulating liners are tightly installed, closed on both sides with metal covers. Non-through voids are made in cross section in the form of a truncated cone, their lower expanded part is pneumatically connected by a vertical hole to the atmosphere.

The heat-insulating insert is made, for example, of mipore, reed or cork plates, and the ratio of the wall thickness of the stone is δ _c to

the width δ _{n of the} void is 0.9 ÷ 4.3, the ratio of the thickness of the partition δ _pr to the thickness of the stone wall δ _s is 0.8 ÷ 1.0, and the ratio of the diameter of the outlet d _{in the through} void to the diameter of its expanded part d _rh is 1: 2.

The drawings show the proposed wall stone, where figure 1 shows its General view, a variant with longitudinal and transverse partitions; figure 2 is a top view, a variant with a longitudinal partition; figure 3 is a section aa of figure 2; figure 4 - thermal insulation liner; figure 5 - through hole; figure 6 - cover; 7, 8 and 9 are options for using stone.

Wall stone 1 has on the sides of the bed longitudinal 2 and transverse 3 partitions, forming a through hollow 4, which are made in a rectangular shape. Non-through voids 5 are made in cross section in the form of a truncated cone, their lower expanded part 6 is pneumatically connected by a vertical hole 7 to the atmosphere. The heat-insulating liner 8 is made under the size of the voids 4, is made, for example, of mipore, reed or cork boards. A box section guide 10 is attached to the metal cover 9 from below for the size of the voids 4, with an interference fit.

The ratio of the stone wall thickness δ _s to the void width δ _n is 0.9 ÷ 1.3, the ratio of the wall thickness δ _np to the stone wall thickness δ _s is 0.8 ÷ 1.0. The length of the liner 8 may be equal to the length of the void L or it is divided into 2, 3, etc. parts.

The ratio of the diameter of the outlet d _of the blind cavities 5 to the diameter of the extended portion thereof is 1: 2, and the opening height h _o and the communicating hole diameter ⌀ _with selected depending on the composition and viscosity of the binder stone 1 solution.

Heat-insulating inserts 8 are inserted tightly on top of the through voids 4 of the stone 1 and closed with covers 9. The stone 1 is turned 180 °, the voids with the inserts 8 inserted into them are also closed tightly with the covers 9. The wall stone is ready for laying walls. A bonding solution is applied to the stone 1, which fills all the non-through voids 5 and pushes all the air out of them through the hole 7, which contributes to the strength of the masonry. In the holes of the voids 5 of another stone 1 laid on top of another, the presence of airbags is not excluded in them, but in general, the strength of the wall laid out of the proposed wall stone will be 1.5–2.0 times greater than that of existing analogues.

Wall stone can be made with a longitudinal partition (Figure 2). In this case, the thermal insulation performance of the stone will be 1.5 ÷ 2.0 times higher than the known wall stones without inserts used in the construction of facilities. The implementation of the stone with the longitudinal and transverse partitions (Figure 1), its strength will be greater than in Figure 2, but the thermal insulation performance will decrease.

In figures 7, 8 and 9, stones with 3-row voids are proposed in which heat-insulating inserts can be inserted. In these versions of the stone, direct heat leakage does not occur, and therefore the thermal insulation properties will be higher than for stones with 2-row voids.

The proposed wall stone with 2 or 3-row voids can be used with voids, covers closed on both sides, without heat-insulating inserts, as well as with them. In the second version with liners, there is no need to close their lids.

The proposed wall stone and its use cases can be widely used in housing construction, with the preservation of heat in houses 2 times higher compared to already built houses with well-known wall stones.

Claims (4)

1. A wall stone having partitions on the bed sides, through and through voids, characterized in that the through vertical voids formed by the longitudinal and transverse partitions are made in a rectangular shape, in which heat-insulating liners are tightly installed, are covered with metal covers on both sides, and non-through voids are made in cross section in the form of a truncated cone, their lower expanded part is pneumatically connected by vertical openings to the atmosphere. 2. Wall stone according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat-insulating liner is made, for example, of mipore, reed or cork boards. 3. Wall stone according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratio of the stone wall thickness δ _c to the void width δ _p is 0.9 ÷ 1.3, and the ratio of the thickness of the partition
δ _pr to the stone wall thickness δ _s is 0.8 ÷ 1.0. 4. Wall stone according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratio of the diameter of the outlet d _{in the through} hole to the diameter of its expanded part d _rh
is 1: 2.

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