RU2347344C1 - Method of sowing - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method of sowing consists in leveling of microrelief of planted belt and in forming base surface and furrows with compaction of bottom by means of soil impressing. Impressing of soil is performed with a roller-furrower. After that seed sowing, covering and packing are carried out. Forming of a base surface and sowing furrows is performed simultaneously by means of packing at a different depth with the difference equal to the sowing depth. On sides of each furrow there are left strips of loose soil with the width equal to half width of the furrow and the height not less, than the sowing depth. Covering of seeds is performed by means of undercutting strips of loose soil of the base surface with simultaneous shearing them from both sides into the furrows. After that finishing packing to the level of the base surface is carried out.

EFFECT: upgraded accuracy of sowing depth and quality of seeds covering.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture and forestry and can be used for sowing coniferous seeds and vegetables, in particular pine, spruce, larch, black onion, carrots and the like, small loose seeds.

A known method of sowing seeds, including shifting the topsoil with the formation of the base surface, cutting the furrow to a predetermined depth from the base surface with the formation of soil rollers on both sides of the furrow, compaction of the bottom of the furrow, sowing the seeds and seeding them by sliding the soil rollers into the furrow to the level the base surface, followed by falling asleep the shifted topsoil to the base surface to the original soil level (see AC No. 820695, A01C 7/00).

The formation of soil rollers by this method is obtained due to the extension of the soil by the wedge-shaped openers from the places of furrow formation and temporary holding of the openers by the sidewalls at the level of the base surface formed by shifting the upper soil layer together with lumps. The base surface remains in a loose loose state, and during the movement of the wedge-shaped opener, the initially formed surface undergoes deformations. Therefore, the known method can provide satisfactory planting of seeds with soil only in narrow and deep grooves with a depth of 3 cm and more, and in grooves with a width of 8 ... 12 cm and a depth of 0.5 ... 1.0 cm over the entire width of the sowing tape in accordance with scientific recommendations unable to provide. In accordance with these recommendations, the sowing of seeds of pine, spruce and larch should be carried out in moist soil with their soil being embedded to a depth of 0.5 cm with simultaneous mulching of the soil surface with a 1 cm mulch layer. With a deeper seed placement, the soil is up to 2 cm, compared to recommended, soil germination is reduced, mortality from lodging is increased, and the yield of seedlings is reduced (see "Integrated system for growing and protecting coniferous and deciduous species from diseases in nurseries", Cheboksary, 1996, p. 29, sect. 4.5).

The stated requirements for sowing small seeds are most fully met by the method of sowing seeds, performed in the grooves formed by indentation by roller skating formers. The skating rink with special flanges for forming furrows ensures the same depth of all furrows of the seed tape. The method of sowing on this principle of furrow formation when sowing small loose seeds was used on seeders (see Forest seeder AC No. 1445580 A01C 7/00 and Forest seeder mounted SLN-5/9, in the book Zinin V.F., Kazakov V.I. , Klimov OG “Technology and mechanization of forestry operations”, M., ACADEMA, 2004. p. 44 ... 45) - prototype.

However, during the passage of the furrow-forming roller, grooves up to 20 mm deep are formed and the supply of loose soil necessary for seeding is not formed, therefore it is believed that this method of sowing is more convenient to use when seeding with a substrate (see also “Overview of VNIItslesresurs”, M., 1996, Issue 6, UDC 630232.337, “Modern technical means for planting forest seeds in nurseries”, p. 25 ... 32) or close up, collecting soil with a partially compacted surface by zagotagchi made in the form of V-shaped runners from pipes with subsequent pack equalizer. However, at the same time, individual lumps with dimensions significantly larger than the depth of embedding, part of the seeds are pressed into the soil, violating the original depth, i.e. In this way, it is also not possible to satisfactorily close the seeds sown in wide grooves, because shorting in the form of V-shaped runners from pipes under the action of only their weight does not provide the necessary amount of soil to be shifted from a partially compacted surface. Seeding at the same time both in width and in length of sowing grooves turns out to be uneven. In addition, it is impossible to talk about the accuracy of the depth of sowing, because the groove is formed up to a depth of 20 mm, and the seeds are covered with soil from zero in the middle of the sowing line (groove) to 20 mm along its edges.

The aim of the present invention is to improve the accuracy of the depth of sowing and the quality of seeding.

This goal is achieved by the fact that after leveling the surface of the seed tape and freeing from lumps, the formation of the base surface and seed furrows are produced by rolling to different depths with a difference equal to the depth of sowing, while on the sides of each furrow leave strips of loose soil with a width equal to half the width of the furrow , and a height not less than the depth of sowing, and seeding is carried out by cutting strips of loose soil at the level of the base surface while simultaneously shifting them on both sides into furrows and rolling down to the level of the base surface.

The method of sowing is illustrated graphically, where: in Fig.1 shows the alignment of the sowing tape "A"; figure 2 - the formation of the base surface, furrows, strips of loose soil with a roller furrower; figure 3 - scheme of seeding seeds by cutting strips of loose soil at the level of the base surface and shifting them into furrows; figure 4 - the final seeding of seeds by rolling to the level of the base surface; figure 5 - unit for implementing the method.

The unit for implementing the method comprises a frame 1 with a linkage mechanism 2. A wedge-shaped equalizer 3, a roller-furrower 4 with a drive sprocket, a seed box 5 with sowing units, seed tubes 6, shorting 7 and a packer roller 8. are placed sequentially on the frame. furrower 4 kinematically using a chain transmission connected with the shaft of the sowing apparatus. The method of sowing is carried out in one working pass.

The unit is mounted on a tractor. Seed box 5 is loaded with seeds and the necessary seeding rate is set. When the unit moves, leveling device 3 levels and shifts the soil lumps together with the dried soil layer beyond the seed tape (onto the tramline formed by the tractor), the skating rink-furrower 4 is pressed into the soil using special flanges 9, 10 and forms the base surface 11, sowing grooves 12 and strips of loose soil 13 (see figure 3). Rotating coils of the sowing apparatus capture the seeds from the seed box 5 and through the seed tubes 6 send them to the bottom of the grooves 12. Zagortachki 7, moving along the base surface 11, cut the strips of loose soil 13 with their soles with a knife at the level of this surface and fill the seedlings with the dumpers with this soil and then the press roller 8 compacts it to the level of the same base surface.

Thus, the accuracy of the depth of sowing of seeds sharply increases, as well as the quality of their seeding, because the volume of soil used for planting seeds in previously left in special strips in a loose state fully corresponds to the volume of grooves. After rolling the seeds, full contact with the soil is ensured, which in combination with a compacted bottom of the grooves promotes rapid rooting, friendly germination and active growth.

In accordance with the technology for growing planting material in nurseries in the area, the surface of the seed tape can then be covered (with a substrate) with mulch and tinted with special shields.

Claims (1)

The method of sowing, including leveling the microrelief of the sowing tape, the formation of the base surface and furrows with the bottom being compacted by pressing the soil with a skating rink, seeding, seeding and rolling, characterized in that, in order to improve the accuracy of the seeding depth and the quality of seeding, the formation the base surface and the furrows are produced simultaneously by rolling to different depths with a difference equal to the sowing depth, while the base surface is made in the gap between the grooves, leaving polo on its sides s loose soil a width equal to half the groove width, and a height not less than the drilling depth and seed placement produce cutting of strips of loose soil at the base surface level while sliding the them on both sides in the groove by rolling up and final level of the base surface.

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