RU2345200C2 - Multi-purpose building - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to the sphere of construction dealing with design of a multi-purpose building accommodating a seaquarium, facilities for temporary stay of visitors and underground vehicle parking facilities. The building consists of a foundation with a basement/semibasement floor and above-ground ones, bearing and enclosing structures including pillars as well as floorings, a roofing, staircase and elevator assemblies (at least one of each), engineering and utilities networks and the integrated engineering-and-biological three-dimensional facility of seaquarium composed of an array of varied volume display tanks the largest thereof (main tank) having at least one internal survey tunnel. The seaquarium is also equipped with life support and maintenance systems.

EFFECT: enhancement of the building dimensional rigidity combined with material intensity minimisation without detriment to the total useful habitable volume of the integrated seaquarium tanks system.

25 cl, 16 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of construction, namely to multi-purpose buildings, and combines premises for temporary stay of people - office, retail, cultural and entertainment facilities - cinemas, restaurants, clubs, other premises, such as underground parking lots, as well as an oceanarium - engineering and biological complex for the maintenance of marine and / or river flora and fauna, including special tanks - tanks, as well as rooms with special temperature and humidity parameters.

The following technical solutions are known from the prior art.

There is a well-known water park that includes functional complexes, namely, a complex of water entertainments, a complex for relaxing relaxation, a sports complex, a complex of children’s games and recreation, a health complex, a cultural and educational complex, a complex of support services, a complex of basic services and a management system for functional complexes, to which signals from all the aforementioned functional complexes (RU 17142 U1, A63G 31/00, 03/20/2001).

A well-known complex for recreation and entertainment, comprising an indoor water park, equipped with areas for entertainment and recreation located around the water park, with some of the zones located in the protruding parts of the premises, and part of the zones, at least between the protruding parts of the premises, the complex has a cinema with one or more halls, a bowling alley, a bar, a restaurant, a gym, an indoor ice rink, a rollerdrome, attractions, an arcade, a swimming pool, a sauna, etc. (RU 2282477 C2, Е04Н 3/00, 07.27.2006).

There is a well-known attraction containing a rotating greenhouse, a central bar adjacent to the bar and having a fixed ring area, a restaurant adjacent to the fixed ring area of the restaurant, a rotating ring of the greenhouse with lamps and glazed side walls. In one of the sectors of the rotating ring there is a free dance zone (RU 2183490 C2, A63G 31/00, 06/20/2002).

A known oceanarium elevator containing a container, which is equipped with a transparent passage located inside the tank and equipped with devices and devices to ensure the comfort of finding people inside the passage. The tank is divided into sections, each of which is equipped with a water outlet, and is located vertically, while the passage is made vertically and is located inside the tank and is equipped with guides for the elevator drive cabin, made with transparent walls and a sealed door (RU 2279300 C1, A63G 31/00, 10.07 .2006).

A well-known educational and educational complex, which includes a system of containers equipped with transparent passages located inside the tanks and equipped with instruments and devices to ensure the comfort of finding people inside the aisles. The containers themselves are divided into sections and are located at different levels, some of them are located horizontally, the other part is inclined, and the third part is located vertically. In this case, the vertical, inclined and part of the horizontal passages are equipped with guides for elevator drive cabins. Some sections of the tanks are made in the form of aquariums and equipped with outlets, and some in the form of an arboretum (RU 2279301 C1, A63G 31/00, 10.07.2006).

A well-known sports complex containing swimming pools, as well as various service rooms and a recreation area (DE 2358920 A1, ЕНН 3/16, 06/05/1975).

A building is known that contains a swimming pool, as well as an aquarium with marine fauna, systems for cleaning and preparing water for the aquarium, as well as relaxation areas for visitors, the walls of the aquarium being transparent (DE 2910999 A1, Е04Н 3/16, 09/25/1980).

A known water tank filled with an aqueous medium, in its parameters close to the sea, inside which an extended transparent tunnel is placed, while this tank is made with the possibility of installing it inside the building, and it is possible to equip, for example, a restaurant inside the tunnel (JP 8312174, A01K 63 / 00, 11/26/1996).

None of the listed sources of information contains the prevailing complex of commercial premises, in addition, the indicated sources do not disclose or lack a connection between the volume-constructive solution of the building and the inclusion of the volume engineering-biological complex - the oceanarium with a system of water-filled tanks from the sea and / or fresh water.

The task to which the present invention is directed is to create and combine in one building with a single foundation and common building envelopes the shopping, entertainment and cognitive sectors, which contain and exist various representatives of flora and fauna.

The problem is solved due to the fact that the multi-purpose building includes a foundation, constituting a three-dimensional structural layout of the building, preferably with a basement or basement and ground floors, supporting and enclosing structures, including columns, as well as floors, flooring, at least one staircase and elevator unit, engineering systems, communications, forming functionally grouped premises for shopping, entertainment, technical and service purposes and a volume engineer a biological complex - an oceanarium equipped with a system of different-sized demonstration tanks, the largest of which is the main one - contains at least one internal observation tunnel, in addition, the oceanarium is equipped with tank life support and maintenance systems, while the foundation of the building includes an armored slab reinforced with in the form of stiffeners with structures such as beam-walls, structurally and functionally combined with walls, for example, the basement or basement floor of a building and having a height not less than e 1/3 of the height of the basement or basement with the formation of a reverse caisson, and at least within the area of the aquarium, the foundation has a variable stiffness and moment of inertia relative to at least two conditional, including parallel vertical planes, except Moreover, the structural layout of the building is preferably made with a supporting frame to ensure the conditions of spatial rigidity and stability due to the rigid conjugation of the frame elements in a mostly larger part nodes, while at least part of the floor of the three-dimensional structural layout of the building is placed at different levels with the formation of at least two adjacent multi-storey functional blocks, including the volume for the aquarium with a tank system, in addition, at least one of the fences one of the tanks combined with the building envelope.

Moreover, the building can be equipped with a penguinarium, including at least one separate tank, preferably for three habitats - water, coastal and air, adapted to environmental parameters, optimal for a long stay of waterfowl, preferably penguins, and mounted at least a larger part of the building, and the tank can be equipped with fences, at least one of which is structurally and functionally combined with at least one load-bearing or enclosing structure of the building.

The supporting frame within the basement or basement floor can preferably be made of reinforced concrete, and in the ground part metal and contains the columns, girders, beams forming the frames.

The columns of the metal frame can be supported on reinforced concrete columns of the basement or basement, preferably through imperfect cylindrical steel hinges that are limited-rotated mainly in the plane of the frame of the frame, the crossbars in this plane are rigidly connected to the metal columns, and in the orthogonal direction, the latter are rigidly pinched in the reinforced base plate and the overlap is made in the form of hard drives.

The foundation of the building may include a reinforced slab, and in the zone where the aquarium is located, local reinforcement of the reinforced slab is made, for example, with piles, the heads of which are tied with a reinforced slab like a grillage, and / or the foundation includes stuffed piles joined by a grillage in the form of a tape, for example, extended, continuous, moreover, at least part of the piles is equipped with cast-iron screw tips left in the ground, and the reinforcement of the pile shaft is made mainly in the upper third of its height.

At least part of the piles can be equipped with casing to ensure the safety conditions of the surrounding buildings during the construction of the building.

In the ground along the external contour of the building, a closed fence can be formed to absorb the active pressure of the soil and hydraulic protection during the construction of the building and the basement or basement during operation.

The enclosed enclosure of the building can be made at least on a part of the length of the contour of the building in the form of a concrete wall made of reinforced filled cement-cement wells made by inkjet technology.

The enclosed enclosure of the building, at least on a part of the length of the contour of the building, can be done with sheet piling from a trough-shaped steel profile placed mainly close to the foundation of the building.

The stiffening ribs combined with the walls of the basement or basement floor in the form of beam walls can be made to the height of this floor with the formation of a spatial foundation system.

The foundation can be divided into at least two independent blocks by a temperature-expansion joint.

The aquarium or at least part of the tanks of the aquarium and at least part of the premises for technical and service purposes can be located in the basement or basement of the building, while the height of the aquarium may exceed the height of the basement or basement, and at least one of the columns of the supporting frame can be placed within the area of at least one of the tanks of the oceanarium and has hydraulic protection in the zone of contact with the aquatic environment of the tank.

In the foundation, within the area of the aquarium or, at least in part of the tanks of the aquarium, canals and pits for pipelines of life support systems and maintenance of the tanks of the aquarium can be made.

Stairs and elevator units can be placed mainly along the external contour of the building with the formation of stiffness cores.

The beams of the supporting frame in the ground part - ground floors can be made continuous, mainly in the form of rolled or welded I-beams or in the form of box-shaped beams.

At least part of the columns of the supporting frame in the ground part - ground floors can be divided in height mainly into two blocks having supporting platforms for floor beams made mainly of I-sections and equipped in the supporting sections with a system of secondary beam-spacers, for example, in the form rolled or welded I-beams attached to floor disks.

The overlapping of the basement or basement floor can be made in the form of a reinforced concrete slab, supported on the main and secondary beams, which have stops and reinforcing anchors in the areas of support of the slab to ensure that the slab is included in the joint work.

The building can be equipped with built-in platforms located in the aquarium and additional columns supported by the supporting structures of the building.

Built-in platforms can be made mainly of steel structures in the form of beams coated with corrugated sheets.

At least part of the ceilings of the terrestrial part - the ground floors can be made flat with gutters in the areas of bearing.

The supporting frame can be made with fachwerk, including structurally combined in height of the building, consisting of reinforced concrete and steel parts, and the fachwerk in the level of floors can have reinforced concrete and steel beams for additional floor slabs, respectively.

The reinforced concrete part of the fachwerk can be made in the form of pylons, the steel part mainly from bent rectangular pipes, and the rigidity and stability of the fachwerk can be ensured within the steel part by fastening to the floor slabs, and the reinforced concrete part by the monolithic connection of the pylons with the building envelope.

At least part of the staircases can be placed in the building with the possibility of supporting staircases at different levels and made in monolithic reinforced concrete or combined with a supporting zone in monolithic reinforced concrete and brick along the rest of the length, and at the intersection of the main floor beams and staircase walls nodes in the latter can be integrated racks to support the beams.

The building may contain at least one extended shopping gallery - a passage providing access through the entrance to the premises of the building and playing the role of a transport system, as well as decoupling of human flows, located mainly perpendicular to the larger size of the building in plan, preferably made to the entire height of the building and containing stairs, escalators, moving walks - trevolators.

Shopping gallery - the passage can be multilevel, located between two functional blocks of the building and connect the block containing the aquarium with the block of the building containing the prevailing number of retail premises, being a common transport interchange for these blocks, and provide access mainly to all floors of the building and can be equipped with glazing and a lantern, providing lighting up to the lower levels of the shopping gallery-passage.

The structure of a multi-purpose building includes:

- Engineering-biological complex-oceanarium, in which, through a system of tanks located at different levels and / or floors of the building, the underwater world of various regions of the Earth is represented - freshwater rivers and reservoirs, the Mediterranean Sea and the World Ocean, including tropical regions;

- premises for trade, entertainment, technical and service purposes: a supermarket, specialty shops, catering facilities, a parking lot in the basement and on the roof - covering the building.

The building mainly contains three floors, including a basement or basement. The planned dimensions of the building are mainly 110 × 85.0 m along the extreme center axes, the height from the planning level of the earth is up to 15.5 m or more. The height of the 1st floor is mainly 6.6 m, the height of the 2nd floor is mainly 4.8 m, the height of the intermediate floor in the axes is preferably 3.3 m, the height of the basement is 3.5 m.

The building is equipped with a shopping gallery - a passage made in the form of an atrium. This is the main entrance to the building and the distribution hub of the flow of visitors. From it you can go to the supermarket, to the aquarium, to the shops of the 1st and 2nd floors, to the basement parking on the main stairs located here, escalators and elevators.

All gallery levels are illuminated with overhead light through a glazed lantern.

On the roof - floor of the building there are technical rooms - ventilation chambers, machine rooms of elevators and a glazed lantern of a shopping gallery.

The main area of the 1st floor is a supermarket. Salesroom - preferably square 2736.5 m ^2. It is adjoined on both sides by production, warehouse and utility rooms, premises of engineering and economic services, a closed unloading and loading ramp. Office and residential premises of the supermarket are located on the intermediate floor, preferably at around 3,300 m.

The engineering and biological complex Aquarium is the main functional element of entertainment and knowledge of the underwater world. The exposition is located mainly on 3 levels and / or floors, which are interconnected by open stairs, ramps and elevators for disabled visitors. During the passage along the excursion route, visitors sequentially get acquainted with the underwater world of freshwater bodies of water (the Neva River and Lake Ladoga), the Mediterranean Sea, the World Ocean, and tropical seas. The exposition ends with a penguinarium.

The layout of the premises eliminates the intersection of flows of visitors to the aquarium. The oceanarium includes a buffet with 60 seats and a specialized store related to the marine theme. The office premises of the aquarium are located mainly at elevations of 0.000 and 3.300 m. The technical premises of the aquarium are preferably located in the basement or basement and on the 1st floor.

Part of the ground floor area is occupied by small specialized shops and a restaurant (cafe) for visitors with 60 seats.

The 2nd floor is designed to accommodate specialized luxury stores of world famous companies, as well as a small number of small shops and kiosks. Part of the area is occupied by ventilation chambers.

In the basement or basement, the main part of the square is occupied by a parking lot for visitors for ~ 200 places, access to which is carried out via a ramp from the side of a car passage. In addition, here are located: part of the exposition of the oceanarium, its technical premises, technical premises of the building, heating station, compressor refrigeration station, ventilation chambers, automatic fire extinguishing station, workshops, household premises for staff. Through the basement or ground floor, the products of the cafe and restaurant are loaded, as well as food waste is removed from them.

The second car parking is arranged on the roof - covering the building with access to the roof on a ramp. Visitors to the complex who parked cars on the roof can go down the stairs and elevators to the building and go back with their purchases.

The architectural solutions of the facades are made taking into account the significance of the streets they face. The plane of the walls vertically is preferably divided into 2 tiers using various finishing materials - natural stone in the decoration of the basement and 1st floor and large-sized ceramic tiles in the lining of the 2nd floor. The plane of the walls of the 2nd floor is decorated with glazed prisms, which play the role of both a decorative element and a window opening. Window openings are made in various sizes in accordance with the functional need. Each facade has its own distinct accent - the facade of the main entrance contains a staircase and a stained glass gallery, the facade for automobile passage - stained glass windows of stairwells. The corners of the building are accented by stained glass windows and tower superstructures with domes and spiers.

The facade of the building, facing the courtyard, is made using lightweight insulated metal panels and a concrete base. The facade has a utilitarian character, due to the fact that it goes mainly to the household yard, although the stained glass gallery and the niche of the entrance to it bring enough expressiveness into it.

The claimed building, taking into account the basement or basement, is made mainly of three-story buildings and has four-story buildings. The building is made in a full frame, having the main grid of columns, mainly 6 × 14 m and 6 × 17 m and the grid of columns - 5.7 × 6.0 m in four-story built-in shelves and mezzanine areas in the oceanarium zone.

The building has a plan size of preferably 110 × 85 m. The height of the building from the average level of land planning (-1,500 m) to the coverage of ventilation chambers (+16,900 m) located on the upper floor is 18.4 m.

According to the specific conditions of the functional-planning nature, there are no stiffness connections in the frames. The spatial rigidity and stability of the building frame is provided by:

a) in the direction of the plane of the frame of the frame - rigid nodes pairing the crossbars (frame beams) with steel columns;

b) in the orthogonal direction - due to the rigidity of the frame columns pinched in the foundation plate;

c) hard drives of floor slabs;

d) the presence of stairwells and elevator shafts that perform the functions of stiffness nuclei.

The building in plan is divided by a transverse temperature-expansion joint into two temperature blocks, mainly 53.95 × 84.8 m and 55.35 × 77.9 m in size.

Structurally-planned set-up schemes for interfacing building blocks of different buildings and undesirability for architectural reasons of setting paired columns along the lines of their adjacency with the organization, thus, additional temperature-expansion joints, as well as the placement of natural stiffness cores mainly on the periphery of the building necessitated the use of during the construction of a building of a number of specific measures of a constructive and technological nature, ensuring the minimization of additional s stresses and strains in the framework of the temperature climatic influences arising mainly - in the process of construction.

These activities included:

- device in the process of construction of longitudinal and transverse "temporary" temperature-expansion joints (VTDSh) in the floor slabs of the basement;

- closure of structures (welding of reinforcing bars and filling of high-temperature concrete with concrete) in a strictly defined period at a positive temperature, preferably at least + 5 ° C.

The need for longitudinal and transverse VTDSh devices in the foundation slab and the walls of the basement or basement was determined by a more detailed analysis in the process of detailed design, and was offset by additional reinforcement of the slab.

The above measures ensure the satisfaction of the requirements of Table 3 “Benefits” to SNiP 2.03.01-84 “Concrete and reinforced concrete structures” with respect to the largest distances between temperature-expansion joints allowed without calculation for frame multi-storey monolithic buildings.

The column system of the building frame mainly includes:

a) the main columns;

b) columns of 4-story built-in shelves;

c) columns of built-in mezzanines in the aquarium area;

d) individual columns in the basement or basement;

e) columns and pylons half-timbered exterior walls;

f) columns of the ventilation chamber frame.

The main columns are installed with a grid of preferably 6 × 14 m, 6 × 17 m and 6 × 10.5 m from the level of -3.950 m to the level of +11.300 m and are made predominantly combined. In the basement with the required high degree of fire resistance (R 150), the columns are made of monolithic reinforced concrete section preferably 400 × 600 mm and are rigidly clamped into the base plate. The upper part of the columns is made of welded steel structures (2 channels No. 30, united by trims with a cross-section along the outer dimension of 320 × 500 mm).

In order to eliminate significant bending moments in the lower reinforced concrete tier of the main columns, the steel columns are supported on the columns of the basement or basement floor through cylindrical steel hinges, hinges, limited-rotation in the plane of the main frame of the frame. The steel part of the columns is divided in height into two blocks. The column blocks are equipped with platforms for supporting the main floor beams passing through them.

To ensure the required fire resistance, the columns are protected by a layer of cement plaster on the grid or by prefabricated reinforced concrete box tiles or vermiculite plates with the formation of an external dimension - 400 × 600 mm.

Embedded columns and individual columns in the basement or basement - preferably monolithic reinforced concrete with a section of 400 × 400 mm, are mainly located with a mesh of ~ 5.7 × 6.0 m, are rigidly clamped in the base plate. The maximum height of the columns is preferably from the mark of 3.950 m to the mark of +10.300 m.

The columns of the built-in mezzanine platforms in the aquarium area are preferably steel rectangular pipes with a section of 160 × 160 × 5-8 mm, mounted on steel main beams of the floors.

Floor beams - the main beams of the main frame with spans of 14.0-17.0 m - welded steel I-section. The height of the beams in the spans is preferably 700 mm, on the supports 800 mm. The beams are continuous, rigidly connected in nodes with the main steel columns of the frame, made of steel C 345.

To ensure the stability of the compressed supporting sections of the lower zones, the main beams are equipped with a system of secondary two-T-shaped rolled steel beams - spacers fixed to hard disks of reinforced concrete floors.

The main beams of a monolithic reinforced concrete floor slab of the 1st floor at a mark (± 0,000 m) are mainly combined with each other by a system of steel beams that are orthogonal to the main secondary (double tee rolling), installed with a pitch of preferably 3-4 m and included in the work of a monolithic floor slab.

In multi-storey monolithic built-in floors of the 1st floor for loads of up to 1.65 t / m ² (local to 2.0 t / m ² or more), reinforced concrete monolithic beams are longitudinal and transverse, preferably with a section of 350 × 450 mm and 350 × 600 mm .

The beam cage for mezzanine mezzanines is made primarily of rolled I-beams.

Floor slabs:

a) Overlapping of the 1st floor - above the basement or basement at a mark of ± 0,000 m - preferably a monolithic reinforced concrete slab, preferably 160 mm and 180 mm thick, in the storage area, supported by main and secondary steel beams and reinforced concrete beams in areas of 4-story shelves.

The plate is included in the operation of steel secondary beams by installing steel stops and reinforcing anchors on the upper belt of the beams.

b) Overlappings of the 2nd and 3rd floors, respectively, at elevations +6600 m, + 7500 m and +11300 m are made of prefabricated multi-hollow slabs, preferably series 1.141 - КР-1 ... КР-3 with a span of 3.0-6.0 m under the payload, preferably up to 800 kg / m ² or more. Separate areas of overlap (for example, in the area of elevator shafts and stairwells) are made in the form of monolithic sections - solid slabs, preferably up to 220 mm thick and more or ribbed slabs. Similarly, "support" sections were made in the alignment of the main columns or using prefabricated individual structures.

c) Overlapping floors are preferably located at elevations (indicated at the levels of the "clean" floor) -1,500 m, -1,350 m, -1300 m, -1,220 m, +1500 m, +3,000 m, +3,300 m and are made of monolithic reinforced concrete steel beams. Type of formwork - removable or non-removable from corrugated board.

d) Separate viewing platforms in the area of the engineering-biological complex - the aquarium are made of steel structures - steel beams coated with sheets of corrugated steel.

e) A special group of ceilings - ceilings in two multi-storey, preferably 4-storey buildings, shelves. Overlapping of shelves at ± 0,000 m, +3,300 m and 6,600 m in one shelving and ± 0,000 m, + 4,050 m and 6,600 m in another shelving is made in the form of flat monolithic reinforced concrete slabs in preferred grids of supports ≈6 × 5.670 m.

Moreover, plates at elevations of ± 0,000 m due to significant local and average payloads of up to 0.9-1.2 t / m ² and more and 0.8-1.8 t / m ² or more, respectively, for one and the other the installations are made with reinforced concrete beams located along the axes of the columns - plate thickness up to 200 mm, beam height up to 600 mm. On the remaining upper floors of the built-in slabs, the slabs are made flat with flanges at the points of support on the columns.

The half-timbered system is formed by:

- reinforced concrete pylons with a cross section of 240 × 400 mm, preferably within the range of marks - 1,500 m to +3,600 m;

- steel racks from bent rectangular pipes with a section of 180 × 140 mm; executed from the mark - 1.00 to mark. +11,300.

Horizontal beams are provided for reinforced concrete pylons and racks at the level of ceilings - preferably reinforced concrete for pylons and steel I-beams - for steel racks designed to support additional floor slabs. The rigidity and stability of the half-timbered racks in the plane of the walls is ensured by their fastening to the floor slabs forming the hard drive, and the stiffness of the pylons is ensured by a monolithic connection with reinforced concrete monolithic walls.

Lift shafts:

Elevator shafts for elevators, preferably from Otis and Stein, are made in monolithic reinforced concrete and are equipped with pits below the base plate. Fastening of door frames, guides for the movement of cabs and balances is carried out to the concrete walls, preferably on bolts of the type XILTI.

At the top of the shafts, for certain types of elevators, machine rooms were made, towering (as a rule) above the ceiling at elevation. +11300 m. The walls of the engine rooms are supported on the walls of the elevator shafts through the beam cage system and are preferably made of aerated concrete with steel frame racks included in the body of the walls, which are absorbed by monorail beams for repair and assembly hoists (hoists). Coverage of engine rooms is made of steel lightweight structures and corrugated board.

Stairwells and stairs:

The building is equipped with stairs, divided into the following types:

- input;

- internal core (to the entire height of the building);

- internal interplanetary.

Staircases are made, as a rule, in effective brick, for example, grade "150" and grade "100", with walls 250 m thick.

Part of the stairwells, having a complex configuration and bearing patterns at different levels, are made combined: the lower, supporting zone is preferably in monolithic reinforced concrete, and the upper zone is preferably in brick, or entirely in monolithic reinforced concrete. In the case when the walls of staircases intersect the location lines of the steel main floor beams, the walls are provided with steel or monolithic reinforced concrete racks (columns) built into them, which serve as supports for the beams.

In necessary cases, reinforcement of the brickwork with mesh reinforcement is carried out to increase the bearing capacity and the mutual connection of the walls with each other.

Staircases and marches are mainly made of precast concrete.

In some cases, the staircases are made on steel beams with monolithic reinforced concrete slabs, while the marches are made of precast concrete or with steel braces and precast concrete steps. Small inter-site staircases are made of steel in the area of the engineering-biological complex - the oceanarium.

Steel structures of uprights (columns), platforms and marches are plastered over the grid to ensure the required design fire resistance.

Ventilation chambers:

Ventilation chambers are preferably located on the floor of the building, have a steel frame, including stands of rectangular pipes with a section of 160 × 160 × 5 mm and I-beams of coatings. The grid of columns of racks is preferably 6.0 × 5.67 m. Runs of channels are laid along the beams with a span of up to 6 m with a step of up to 3 m and plates of corrugated board of type H57-875 × 0.8 are laid along them. Vertical stiffness ties along the contour of the chambers were made along the racks, and horizontal ties acting as wind farms along the perimeter of the coating were made.

The walls of the ventilation chambers are made of three-layer “Sandwich” -type panels 200 mm thick, fixed to the frame racks and (if necessary) to additional racks and half-timbered crossbars.

From the inside, the wall panels are lined with a 50 mm thick sound-absorbing plate.

The wall fencing of the ventilation chamber located on the ceiling of the 2nd floor (elevation +6.600 m) is similarly carried out by replacing the frame racks with half-timbered racks with a steel pipe section of preferably 100 × 100 × 5 mm and 120 × 120 × 5 mm.

Escalators:

At least one and preferably three escalators are installed.

First of all, one escalator is installed: from the mark of ± 0,000 m to the mark of +6,600 m.

The escalator is fixed on two end transverse steel beams, which in turn are fixed to the main walls.

Foundation.

The building includes a semi-buried ground or basement floor and at least a one-story, and mainly 3-4-story, above-ground volume, preferably solved with a full load-bearing frame, formed preferably by reinforced concrete columns and monolithic ceilings along the main and secondary steel (locally - reinforced concrete) beams.

The reference alignment grid of the axes under the main bearing columns is preferably 17.0 x 6.0 m; a grid of axes for auxiliary columns of rooms arranged mainly at different levels with separate built-in platforms, preferably made of 5.67 m × 6.0 m and 5.67 m × 3.0 m.

A significant difference in cargo area dictated the difference in the values of the transferred payloads, namely:

- the load on each main column of the supporting frame is 230.0 tf - 460.0 tf, mainly 420.0 tf;

- the load on the auxiliary columns varies in the boundary range from 60.0 ton-force to 210.0 ton-force, mainly 110.0 ton-force per column.

Based on the analysis of the complex hydrogeological situation, the static working conditions of the base with very significant dimensions in terms of a sharp spread in the values of the transmitted payloads, as well as in accordance with the specifics of the spatially structural solution of the aerial part of the building, a pile type foundation is usually included in the structure of the slab grillage and piles.

During construction, preferably in the central historically developed part of the city, piles made according to the "gentle" regime should be provided. The safest for the surrounding development, which does not require additional protective measures and minimizes (excludes) the impact of shock and dynamic effects during the manufacturing process, are printed piles.

The depth of immersion of piles from the day surface can be different depending on geological conditions and lies mainly in the range of 23.0 ... 25.0 m.

The foundation piles are made using vibration-free technology, for example, “FUNDEX-BMGS” - under the protection of the casing with the cast-iron screw tip left in the ground. Drilling is carried out without excavation by means of a rotational-pushing introduction of the “tip-inventory pipe” system to the design elevation of the heel.

Piles are made with calculated reinforcement only on the upper third of the trunk height.

Given the specified payloads during the construction, at least two sizes of piles are used:

- under the main most loaded columns with a cross section of preferably 600 × 400 mm, piles with a trunk diameter of 520 mm, absolute bottom mark minus 19.40 m.

- for auxiliary columns with a section of 400 × 400 mm - piles with a trunk diameter of 450 mm, the absolute mark of the bottom minus 17.60 m.

In accordance with the geotechnical substantiation, the results of statistical tests and the stipulated bearing capacity for concrete material, preferably of class B30, the calculated loads are accepted:

- for piles ⌀520 mm - P _st = 230.0 tf;

- for piles ⌀450 mm - P _St. = 180.0 tf;

A groove of the foundation pit can be made around the entire contour of the pit either from an indelible steel tongue of a trough profile, for example of the Larsen type, or in the form of a concrete wall from reinforced cement-cement wells made using the "spray" technology, or partially from an indelible steel sheet pile and partially in the form of a concrete wall.

A closed, predominantly unanchored sheet pile circuit performs a threefold function:

- is a supporting structure, taking on the active pressure of the ground masses;

- it is an anti-filtration curtain that excludes the inflow of groundwater into the pit and allows the work inside the pit to be practically dry;

- serves as the first degree of waterproofing protection of the basement or basement for the period of operation of the structure.

The basement or basement is a semi-subterranean underground space with maximum dimensions in terms of the center axes, preferably 106.35 × 82.0 m, within which a parking lot for cars, at least part of the oceanarium, maintenance premises, including including blower refrigeration units, a pumping station, transformer and others, as well as stairwells, ten shafts of passenger and passenger lift shafts and elevators.

The production area of the garage is designed to accommodate up to 200 or more boxes of parking spaces with entrance and exit ramps of the ramp. The minimum height is clean by the internal dimensions of the parking lot and maintenance rooms ~ 2.75 m, by the ramp dimensions ~ 2.35 m.

A functionally ground or basement floor is at the same time a fundamental system that assumes all the constant and useful loads from a building.

The basement of the garage is made mainly in the form of a monolithic slab along the steel bearing main and secondary beams and girders of the design section, which, in turn, rely on monolithic pillars.

The location of the columns is confined to areas free from parking and car exits, in compliance with the necessary standards of approximation.

The bearing walls of the basement or basement are monolithic, reinforced by the type of beam - walls.

The base of the foundation part is piled along a slab grill with a thickness of mainly 600 mm; piles are preferably stuffed.

In the zone of placement of the aquarium, the formwork of the slab grillage is complicated by supply channels and pits up to 1.0 m deep, in which pipelines serving the aquarium are located.

At least one temperature-expansion joint, the slab grillage is divided into at least two independent blocks.

In addition, two longitudinal concreting joints are provided in the grillage slab. A tape formed between the seams with a width of predominantly 12.0 m is necessary for the installation of a sleeper-ballast foundation on the ground and is the closing structure of the slab grillage, reinforced and concreted by limited grapples at the final stage, as all construction and installation work in this zone is completed.

The basis for the walls of the front facades overlooking the main lines is mainly continuous tape grilles.

In order to level the sediments, create conditions for working together and increase the overall bending stiffness, reinforced concrete tape grillages can be combined with the main supporting structures of the basement or basement with cantilever elements in the form of vertical diaphragms.

All bearing monolithic reinforced concrete structures are made mainly of concrete of class B25; W8; F100, reinforced with reinforcement of class AIII (for assembly knitting - reinforcement of class AI) with an estimated saturation of reinforcement of 90.0-120.0 kg / m ^{3 of} concrete.

Waterproofing of the basement or basement is as follows:

A. Pairing a slab grillage with a monolithic wall of a parking garage.

On the upper edge of the grillage at the mark of minus 3.950 m - cement-penetrating composition, for example Vandex-super (domestic analogue of “Lakhta”); the concreting seam between the wall and grillage is laid with a continuous bentonite cord 30 × 15 with protection by a concrete fillet.

B. Pair plate slab with a monolithic column.

A tab along the perimeter of the column of bentonite cord with protection by a concrete fillet.

The insulation design “A” and “B” is made as a “waterproofing” bathtub.

B. Pairing concrete blocks

A key from the structure, for example, Vandex CRS Ripeir Mortar for seam cutting.

G. Temperature-expansion joint

For example, a Dila strip of synthetic rubber with a thickness of 1.5 mm with edge resistant polyester nets can be used; the tape is attached, for example, using the Vandex BB75E compound.

The waterproofing of thin-walled structures of the pits of elevator shafts and elevators is made of sheet steel with corresponding anchoring by stiffeners from a corner profile.

The outer concrete surface of the basement in contact with the backfill soil is treated with two layers of hot bitumen along a layer of cold bitumen primer.

Decisions on the natural illumination of the premises of the building were made in accordance with the requirements of design standards SNiP 23-05-95 "Natural and artificial lighting." With the regulatory values of KEO, only office rooms are located near the outer walls. For the rest of the premises - trading floors of shops, oceanarium premises - the principle of combined lighting was adopted. The central gallery - the passage - is lit by a glazed lantern. The light of the lantern through the openings reaches the level of the 1st floor. All premises of the basement or basement have artificial lighting.

Permissible noise levels in all rooms of the building are provided by a rational layout, enclosing structures with the required sound insulation, as well as special measures for sound insulation, vibration and sound attenuation.

The external walls are made according to the “ventilated facade” system with triple-glazed windows with two separate frames and hermetic vestibules, provide sound insulation sufficient to reduce street noise of approximately L _w = 80 dBA (in the daytime), penetrating the premises of the aquarium and offices to an acceptable in these rooms of level L _add. = 40 dBA.

The internal walls and partitions of solid brick, preferably 120 mm thick, aerated concrete blocks, preferably 100 ÷ 200 mm thick, as well as a frame structure using gypsum plasterboards and mineral wool on a metal frame with a total thickness of preferably 125 mm or more, provide sound insulation of office and other rooms from each other friend.

Floor ceilings - preferably monolithic and / or from prefabricated reinforced concrete hollow core slabs, preferably 220 mm thick and with a floor structure different for different groups of rooms with an obligatory sound insulation layer, prevent the sound from spreading vertically.

The rooms with the highest noise level are ventilation chambers, a compressor room, a refrigeration unit, and pump rooms. These rooms are planningly removed from rooms with a normalized noise level. The following measures are envisaged to eliminate the transmission of vibrations to building structures and noise to neighboring rooms:

- Ventilation units and pump motors are installed on vibration-isolating bases and a “floating floor”, performed on an elastic gasket of increased thickness;

- The enclosing constructions of the ventilation chambers are provided with soundproofing walls and ceilings, the doors are soundproofing, weighted;

- Mufflers are installed on the main ducts;

- The speed of air movement in the ducts is taken into account the acoustic requirements of the building L _add. = 45 dBA.

Measures to ensure the movement of disabled people and people with limited mobility.

For a comfortable stay, people with limited mobility and people with disabilities are provided in accordance with amend. No. 4 SNiP 2.08.02-89 * as follows:

- ramps are made at the entrances to the central gallery of the complex;

- entrance doors have a width of ≥1500 mm;

- a cash register unit with a widened passage for the passage of a stroller was made for disabled supermarket buyers;

- for visitors to the oceanarium, wheelchairs made elevators along the routes of the excursion route for ascent and descent;

- completed toilets for disabled people in wheelchairs;

- All levels of the complex are served by gallery elevators, providing wheelchair access.

From the description of the invention it follows that the technical result is achieved, because A constructive solution was found for a multi-purpose building, including commercial and entertainment facilities and educational, in particular with marine and river fauna and flora, due to the inclusion of an aquarium and a penguinarium in the building. The found solution of volumetric forms and the relative position of the rooms, as well as the constructive solution of the building, increase spatial stiffness while reducing material consumption.

The technical result provided by the above set of essential features of the invention is to increase the economic indicators of the structural system of an integrated multifunctional building, in which a rational combination of accepted foundation designs, a volumetric-structural solution of a building having a prevailing complex of retail and entertainment facilities, and a volume engineering and biological complex are found - Aquarium with a system of water-filled tanks with sea and fresh water. The developed constructive solutions for transparent aquarium enclosures and their mutual arrangement in the demonstration rooms maximize the panoramic visibility of the expositions and at the same time, due to the found solutions of the three-dimensional forms of these structures, they increase spatial rigidity while reducing material consumption without reducing the useful volume of the living environment of the built-in oceanarium tank system.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where:

figure 1 shows a floor plan of a building with staircase and elevator nodes;

figure 2 is a floor plan showing the location of the main tank;

figure 3 is a fragment of the foundation system of the building with the formation of inverse caissons;

figure 4 - the combination of walls with the foundation system of the building;

figure 5 is a section aa in figure 2 with a system of diverse demonstration tanks;

in Fig.6 is a section GG in Fig.1, including a complex of commercial premises, a passage and an aquarium;

in Fig.7 - section bb in Fig.1 for the main tank of the aquarium with an internal viewing tunnel;

on Fig is a fragment of the plan with a system of tanks and a tunnel of the main tank;

figure 9 is a section DD in Fig;

figure 10 is a fragment of the plan with the main tank and penguinarium;

figure 11 is an enlarged fragment of a plan with a penguinarium;

in Fig.12 - section EE in Fig.11;

in Fig.13 - section FJ in Fig.11;

on Fig - section II in Fig.11;

on Fig - view 1.1 of the building in figure 1;

in Fig.16 is a view 2.1 of the building in Fig.1.

The multi-purpose building 1 includes a foundation 2, comprising a three-dimensional structural layout of the building, preferably with a basement or basement 3, buried in the ground 4, and the ground part 5, ground floors, supporting and enclosing structures, respectively 6, 7, including columns 8 , covering 9, at least one staircase and / or elevator unit, respectively 10, 11, engineering systems, communications, forming functionally grouped rooms 12 for shopping, entertainment, technical and servicing about the purpose and volume engineering and biological complex - the oceanarium 13, equipped with a system of different-sized (different shape and volume) demonstration tanks 14, the larger of which - the main tank 15 contains at least one internal viewing tunnel 16. The oceanarium 13 is equipped with tank life support and maintenance systems. The foundation 2 of building 1 includes a reinforced plate 17 reinforced with structures such as beam-walls 18, monolithic to it in the form of stiffeners, structurally and functionally combined with walls 19, for example, the basement or basement floor 3 of building 1 and having a height h of at least 1/3 the height of the basement or basement floor N with the formation of a reverse caisson 20. At least within the area 21 of the abutment of the aquarium, foundation 2 has an area of variable stiffness and moment of inertia relative to at least two, including steam vertical-parallel planes. The structural layout of the building 1 is preferably made with a supporting frame 22 with the provision of spatial rigidity and stability due to the hard mating of the elements of the frame 22 in the predominantly large part of the nodes 23. Part of the ceilings 24 of the three-dimensional structural layout of the building is placed at different levels with the formation of at least two adjacent multi-storey and / or multi-level functional blocks 25 and 26, including a volume of 27 for the aquarium 13 with a system of tanks 14. At least one of the fences 28 one of the tanks is combined with the supporting and / or enclosing structures of buildings 6 and 7, respectively. If the multi-level ceilings of 24 different-floor blocks 25 and 26 are supported by one column 29, such columns in height can be made with reinforcements to ensure stability.

Building 1 is equipped with a penguinarium 30, including at least one separate tank 31, preferably for three habitats - aquatic, coastal and air, adapted to environmental parameters, optimal for a long stay of waterfowl, preferably penguins 32, and installed, at least for the most part in building 1, and the tank is equipped with fences 33, at least one of which is structurally and functionally combined with at least one supporting or enclosing structure 6, 7 of building 1.

The supporting frame 22 within the basement or basement floor 3 is preferably made of reinforced concrete, and in the ground part it is made of metal and contains the columns, girders, beams and half-timbered structures that form the frames.

The columns 8 of the metal frame 22 are supported by reinforced concrete columns 8 of the basement or basement floor 3, preferably through imperfect cylindrical steel hinges (not shown in the drawings), limited-rotation mainly in the plane of the frame of the frame, and the crossbars in this plane are rigidly connected to the metal columns, and in the orthogonal direction, the latter are rigidly pinched in the reinforced plate 17 of the foundation 2, and the floors 24 are made in the form of hard drives.

A local reinforcement of the reinforced plate 17, for example, with piles 34, the heads of which are tied with a reinforced plate as a grillage 35, and / or the foundation includes stuffed piles, united by the grillage 35 in the form of a tape 36, for example, extended, continuous, is made in the zone of placement of the aquarium 13. Part of the piles 34 is equipped with cast-iron screw tips left in the ground, and the pile shaft reinforcement is made mainly in the upper third of its height.

A closed enclosure 37 is formed in the ground along the external contour of building 1 to absorb the active pressure of the soil during the construction period of the building and the hydraulic protection of the basement or basement floor 3 during operation.

The enclosed enclosure 37 of the building is made at least on a part of the length of the contour of the building in the form of a concrete wall 38 made of reinforced filled cement-cement wells made by inkjet technology.

The enclosed enclosure 37 of the building, at least on a part of the length of the contour of the building, is grooved, for example, from a trough-shaped steel profile 39, placed mainly close to the foundation 2 of the building.

The fence 37 can be partially grooved in the form of a trough-shaped profile and partially in the form of a concrete wall.

The stiffening ribs combined with the walls of the basement or basement floor 3 in the form of beam walls 18 can be made to the height of this floor H with the formation of a spatial foundation system.

The grillage 35 is divided into at least two independent blocks 40 and 41 by a temperature-expansion joint 42.

The oceanarium 13 or at least part of the tanks 14 of the aquarium and at least part of the technical maintenance premises are located in the basement or basement 3 of the building. The height of the aquarium exceeds the height of the basement or basement floor 3, and at least one of the columns 43 of the supporting frame 22 is placed within the area of at least one of the tanks of the aquarium 13, for example, the main tank 15, and has hydraulic protection in the area of contact with the water tank medium.

In the grillage 35 of the foundation 2, within the area of the aquarium 13 or at least part of the tanks 14 of the aquarium, channels and pits (not shown) are made for pipelines of life support systems and maintenance of the aquarium.

Stair and elevator nodes, respectively, 10, 11 are located mainly along the outer contour of the building with the formation of stiffness nuclei.

The beams of the supporting frame 22 in the ground part 5 are made continuous, mainly in the form of rolled or welded I-beams or in the form of box-shaped beams.

Part of the columns of the supporting frame in the ground part is divided in height mainly into two blocks having supporting platforms for floor beams, made mainly of I-sections and equipped in the supporting sections with a system of secondary beam spacers, for example, in the form of rolled or welded I-beams attached to the floor disks (not shown in the drawings).

Overlap 44 of the basement or basement floor 3 is made in the form of a reinforced concrete slab, supported on the main and secondary beams, which have stops and reinforcing anchors in the areas of support of the slab to ensure that the slab is included in the joint work.

The building is equipped with 13 built-in platforms located in the aquarium and additional columns supported by load-bearing structures - the supporting frame 22 of the building.

Built-in platforms are made mainly of steel structures in the form of beams coated with corrugated sheets.

Part of the ceilings of the ground part - ground floors is made flat with the footings in the areas of support.

The supporting frame is made with fachwerk, including structurally combined in height of the building, consisting of reinforced concrete and steel parts, and the fachwerk in the level of the floors has respectively reinforced concrete and steel beams for additional floor slabs.

The reinforced concrete part of the fachwerk is made in the form of pylons, the steel part is mainly made of bent rectangular pipes, the rigidity and stability of the fachwerk is provided within the steel part by fastening to the floor slabs, and the reinforced concrete part is provided by a monolithic connection of the pylons with the building envelope.

Some of the staircases are located in the building with the possibility of supporting staircases at different levels and are made in monolithic reinforced concrete or combined with a supporting zone in monolithic reinforced concrete and brick along the rest of the length, and at the intersection of the main floor beams and staircase walls, racks for supporting beams.

Building 1 contains one long shopping gallery - passage 45, which provides access through the entrance to the premises of the building and plays the role of a transport system, as well as the decoupling of human flows, located mainly perpendicular to the larger size of the building in plan, made mainly to the entire height of the building and containing stairs, escalators , moving paths - trevolators.

Shopping gallery - passage 45 is multilevel, located between two functional blocks of building 1 and connects the block containing the aquarium 13 with the block of the building containing the prevailing number of retail premises, being a common transport interchange for these blocks and provides access mainly to all floors of the building, equipped with glazing 46 and a lantern (not shown in the drawings) providing lighting up to the lower levels of the shopping gallery — the passage.

Claims (25)

1. A multi-purpose building, characterized in that it includes a foundation, constituting a three-dimensional structural layout of the building, preferably with basement or basement and ground floors, supporting and enclosing structures, including columns, as well as floors, flooring, at least one staircase and elevator unit, engineering systems, communications, forming functionally grouped premises for shopping, entertainment, technical and service purposes and voluminous biological engineering the complex - an aquarium equipped with a system of different-sized demonstration tanks, the largest of which is the main one - contains at least one internal observation tunnel, in addition, the aquarium is equipped with life support systems and maintenance of tanks, while the foundation of the building includes a reinforced slab reinforced with monolithic ribs rigidity by structures such as beam-walls, structurally and functionally combined with walls, for example, the basement or basement of a building and having a height of at least 1/3 of the height of the base of the basement or basement with the formation of the inverse caisson, and, at least within the area of the aquarium, the foundation has a variable stiffness and moment of inertia relative to the conditional at least two, including parallel vertical planes, in addition to the structural layout the building is made, preferably, with a supporting frame to ensure the conditions of spatial rigidity and stability due to the hard interface of the frame elements in a predominantly large part of the nodes, at least a part of the floors of the volumetric structural layout of the building is placed at different levels with the formation of at least two adjacent multi-storey functional blocks, including the volume for the aquarium with a tank system, in addition, at least one of the barriers of one of the tanks is combined with building envelope. 2. The building according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a penguinarium comprising at least one separate tank, preferably for three habitats - water, coastal and air, adapted to environmental parameters that are optimal for a long stay of waterfowl, preferably penguins, and is mounted, at least for the most part, in the building, and the tank is equipped with fences, at least one of which is structurally and functionally combined with at least one supporting or enclosing structure of the building and I. 3. The building according to claim 1, characterized in that the supporting frame within the basement or basement is preferably made of reinforced concrete, and in the ground part metal and contains columns, girders, beams forming the frames. 4. The building according to claim 3, characterized in that the columns of the metal frame are supported by reinforced concrete columns of the basement or basement, preferably through imperfect cylindrical steel hinges, limited-rotation, mainly in the plane of the frame of the frame, and the crossbars in this plane are rigidly connected with metal columns, and in the orthogonal direction, the latter are rigidly pinched in the reinforced foundation plate, and the overlap is made in the form of hard disks. 5. The building according to claim 1, characterized in that the foundation of the building includes a reinforced slab, and in the area of the oceanarium local reinforcement of the reinforced slab is made, for example, with piles, the heads of which are tied with a reinforced slab like a grillage, and / or the foundation includes rammed piles, combined grillage in the form of a tape, for example, extended, continuous, and at least part of the piles are equipped with cast-iron screw tips left in the ground, and the pile shaft was reinforced mainly in the upper third of its height you. 6. The building according to claim 5, characterized in that at least part of the piles is equipped with a casing to ensure the safety conditions of the surrounding buildings during the construction of the building. 7. The building according to claim 1, characterized in that a closed enclosure is formed in the ground along the external contour of the building to absorb the active pressure of the soil and hydraulic protection during the construction of the building and the basement or basement floor during operation. 8. The building according to claim 7, characterized in that the enclosed enclosure of the building is made at least in part of the length of the contour of the building in the form of a concrete wall made of reinforced, filled cement-cement wells made using inkjet technology. 9. The building according to claim 7, characterized in that the enclosed enclosure of the building, at least on a part of the length of the contour of the building, is sheet pile made of a trough-shaped steel profile placed mainly close to the foundation of the building. 10. The building according to claim 1, characterized in that the stiffening ribs combined with the walls of the basement or basement floor in the form of beam walls are made to the height of this floor with the formation of a spatial foundation system. 11. The building according to claim 5, characterized in that the foundation is divided into at least two separate blocks by a temperature-expansion joint. 12. The building according to claim 1, characterized in that the aquarium or at least part of the tanks of the aquarium and at least part of the premises for technical and service purposes are located in the basement or basement of the building, while the height of the aquarium exceeds the height of the basement or the basement floor, and at least one of the columns of the supporting frame is placed within the area of at least one of the tanks of the oceanarium and has hydraulic protection in the zone of contact with the aquatic environment of the tank. 13. The building according to claim 5, characterized in that the canals and pits for pipelines of life support systems and maintenance of the tanks of the oceanarium are made in the foundation within the area of the aquarium or at least in part of the tanks of the aquarium. 14. The building according to claim 1, characterized in that the staircase and elevator nodes are located mainly along the external contour of the building with the formation of stiffness nuclei. 15. The building according to claim 1, characterized in that the beams of the supporting frame in the ground part - ground floors are continuous, mainly in the form of rolled or welded I-beams, or in the form of box-shaped beams. 16. The building according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that at least a part of the columns of the supporting frame in the ground part - ground floors is divided in height, mainly into two blocks having supporting platforms for floor beams, made mainly I-section and equipped in the supporting sections with a system of secondary beam-spacers, for example, in the form of rolled or welded I-beams attached to the floor disks. 17. The building according to claim 1, characterized in that the closure of the basement or basement is made in the form of a reinforced concrete slab, supported on main and secondary beams, which have stops and reinforcing anchors in the areas of support of the slab to ensure that the slab is included in the joint work. 18. The building according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with built-in platforms located in the aquarium and additional columns supported by the supporting structures of the building. 19. The building according to p. 18, characterized in that the built-in platforms are made mainly of steel structures in the form of beams coated with corrugated sheets. 20. The building according to claim 1, characterized in that at least a portion of the ceilings of the ground part - the ground floors are made flat with footings in the areas of support. 21. The building according to claim 1, characterized in that the supporting frame is made with fachwerk, including structurally combined in height of the building, consisting of reinforced concrete and steel parts, and the fachwerk in the level of the floors has respectively reinforced concrete and steel beams for additional floor slabs. 22. The building according to item 21, wherein the reinforced concrete part of the fachwerk is made in the form of pylons, the steel part is mainly made of bent rectangular pipes, the rigidity and stability of the fachwerk is provided within the steel part by fastening to the floor slabs, and the reinforced concrete part is made by a monolithic connection of pylons with building envelope. 23. The building according to claim 1, characterized in that at least part of the staircases are located in the building with the possibility of supporting staircases at different levels and made in monolithic reinforced concrete or combined with a supporting zone in monolithic reinforced concrete and brick along the rest of the length moreover, at the intersections of the main floor beams and the staircase walls, racks for supporting the beams are integrated in the latter. 24. The building according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains at least one extended shopping gallery-passage, providing access through the entrance to the premises of the building and acting as a transport system, as well as decoupling of human flows, located mainly perpendicular to the larger the size of the building in plan, made, preferably, to the entire height of the building and containing stairs, escalators, moving walkways - trevolators. 25. The building according to paragraph 24, wherein the shopping arcade is multi-level, located between two functional blocks of the building and connects the block containing the aquarium with the block of the building containing the prevailing number of retail premises, being a common transport interchange for these blocks, and provides access, mainly to all floors of the building, is equipped with glazing and a lantern, providing lighting up to the lower levels of the shopping gallery-passage.

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