RU2344356C1 - Method of heat-mass-power exchange and device for this effect - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heating.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to acoustic (e.g. ultrasonic) methods of heat-mass-power exchange of liquid, gas, gas liquid mixes, suspensions and dispersions. The method and device for heat-mass-power exchange is suggested in which acoustic resonance activation of vortical grocery streams by means of vortical pipes communicating among themselves. The main vortical pipe is communicated with one of two pressure head grocery chambers and supplied with a resonator adjustably movable relative to its axis, located inside the main vortical pipe and containing one or more circumferentially arranged vortical pipes. Raised streams incorporated in the common acoustic chamber, concentrate acoustic excitation energy at the centre and output sound processed products for use.

EFFECT: possibility to adjust power of acoustic effect exerted on a product in a required range of frequency and amplitude characteristics; increased volume and density of cavitation space.

5 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to acoustic (for example, ultrasonic) methods of heat and mass energy exchange of liquid, gas, gas-liquid mixtures, suspensions and dispersions in mechano-physical and chemical conversion processes, in addition, in this way they act on water to heat it as a coolant.

Known methods of heat and mass energy during the acoustic excitation of the flow of products through the transmission of liquid vibrational energy using a source of mechanical vibrations interacting with the liquid. This method is used in hydrodynamic ultrasonic emitters with plate and rod resonant oscillating devices, in vortex and rotary-pulsating devices. Another method of heat and mass energy exchange during acoustic excitation can be the interaction of jet streams with each other by transferring the kinetic energy of one stream to another. This method is used in jet-vortex devices (injectors, vortex tubes) in which the potential energy is converted into kinetic energy, followed by heat and mass transfer of interacting media. As a result of this interaction, a resonance and a cavitation effect arise, as a result of which bonds between molecules and atoms are broken, during the restoration of which energy is released in the form of heat. Heat generators work on this basis.

A known method of resonant excitation of a liquid and a device for heating a liquid [RF patent 2232630, 7B01J 19/10, published July 20, 04], which are based on the processing of a liquid by a source of mechanical vibrations at a frequency from a number of fundamental frequencies obeying a certain empirical dependence. The method of heating the liquid is based on the acoustic processing of the liquid and includes feeding it into the cavity of the rotating impeller and discharging from the cavity through a series of outlet openings in the peripheral annular wall of the impeller into the annular chamber, and then into the collection chamber subject to certain ratios between the rotational speed of the impeller, the radius of the peripheral wall and the resonant frequency. The disadvantages of this method include the complexity of the technical implementation of this method, the selectivity of the excitation, the multi-factorial dependence of the resonant excitation on the geometric, frequency parameters and the limited possibility of using this method for other heat and mass transfer processes.

The closest in technical essence are the method of heat and mass energy exchange and a device for its implementation [RF patent 2268772, 7B01J 19/10, 7B01F 11/02, published 01/27/2006], in which the excitation is carried out using interconnected vortex tubes by partial contact of the counter- directed surface-outer layers of two or more vortex flows to a depth that ensures their acoustic excitation due to deformation interaction occurring in the zone of intersection of the vortex tubes. A device for implementing this method is made in the form of two or more vortex tubes communicated with each other by partially intersecting them along generatrixes.

However, this method and device have several disadvantages. First, counter-directed surface-outer layers of two or more vortex flows to the depth of the deformation-shear interaction create oppositely directed centrifugal forces that deform the vortex formation, resulting in a decrease in the interaction time of the vortices and the effective spectrum bandwidth of the amplitude-frequency characteristics of acoustic excitation. This leads to the fact that at the end of the vortex tubes at the outlet of the flows, the excitation intensity drops sharply. Secondly, the regulation of acoustic excitation at constant diameters of the vortex tubes and sections of the tangential nozzles is possible only by changing the pressure-flow rate values of the flow at the entrance to the pressure chamber, and this leads to sharp changes in the hydrodynamic modes of excitation, i.e. reducing the range of regulation of the intensity of effective excitation and a drop in productivity.

The technical result, which the invention is directed to, is the improvement of the method and device for heat and mass and energy exchange according to the patent of the Russian Federation 2268772, namely:

- creation of conditions for providing controlled acoustic excitation of one- or two-component products such as liquid-liquid, liquid-gas, gas-gas;

- regulation of power, duration and frequency-amplitude characteristics of acoustic excitation.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of heat and mass energy exchange, which is carried out by partial contact of the counter-directed surface-outer layers of two or more vortex product flows to a depth that provides excitation due to the deformation-shear interaction occurring in the intersection of the interconnected vortex tubes, in the main vortex tube containing the resonator, the main vortex-ring product flow with a normalized pressure-flow hydrodynamically formed m by the vortex reforming mode, and in the vortex tubes placed in the resonator, resonant vortex flows with pressure-flow hydrodynamic vortex-flow pressure-flow hydrodynamic regimes that are different from the main vortex-ring flow are generated in the vortex tubes placed in the resonator, they excite acoustic vibrations by partially annular ring contact flow with the outer surface-active layers of the resonant-vortex resonator flows in zones of intersection of the vortex tube cavities with the annular space of the main vortex flow and bring the product to use.

To implement the present method, there is provided a heat and mass energy exchange device comprising first and second pressure product chambers, vortex tubes communicated with each other by partially intersecting them along generators and combined at the output by an acoustic chamber, the main vortex tube communicating with one of two pressure product chambers, equipped with an installation-movable relative to its axis resonator located inside the main vortex tube and containing one or more vortex tubes located in zhnosti parallel to the main axis of the vortex pipe and communicated with an annular cavity openings formed by the intersection of inner surfaces forming the vortex tubes with the outer surface of the resonator, with their tangential vortex tube inlet nozzles separately communicated with the second pressure chamber of the product.

The resonator in the proposed device may contain, in combinations of different diameters, vortex tubes with the same and (or) counter-directional interaction of resonant vortex flows.

At the output end of the resonator, the output parts of the vortex tubes may be limited by a plate forming a gap between the end of the resonator and the plate.

The first and second pressure product chambers at their inlet nozzles can be equipped with control valves.

The resonator, as an option, can be made in the form of an axial cylinder located inside the main vortex tube. In contrast to the solution according to RF patent No. 2268772, where the vortex tubes are located around the circumference outside the central tube, according to the proposed solution, they are placed inside it, forming their partial intersection along the generatrices with the annular space of the central vortex tube.

As a result of this arrangement, the centrifugal forces of the main vortex flow and the resonant vortex flows are directed in one direction, and the interaction of the vortex flows can be organized either in one direction or one-way direction. It has been experimentally established that acoustic excitation depends on the density, viscosity, temperature and lyophilism of liquids, i.e. ability to dissolve in each other or not to dissolve. These properties determine the quality of emulsions or mixtures — dispersion, homogeneity, and storage stability. Therefore, there will be both counter-directed excitation, and one-way directed. The addition of centrifugal forces in this case will contribute to a more intense excitation of liquids and an increase in excitation in time and in the spectrum of effective amplitude-frequency characteristics. Along with this, it is significant that the rotation of the vortex flows in the main tube and resonant tubes is also different in that their circumferential and linear velocities, therefore, the energy characteristics can be different due to different pressures at the entrance to the food chambers that are installed control valves. This allows you to control the excitation energy in manual or automatic modes.

Features of the present invention will be apparent from the following description of examples of its implementation with reference to the accompanying drawings.

A brief description of the drawings, on which:

Figure 1 - conventionally depicted a heat and mass energy exchange device;

Figure 2 - conventionally depicted a diagram of the counter-directional interaction of the vortices;

Figure 3 - conventionally depicted a diagram of one-way directed interaction of vortices;

Figure 4 - conventionally depicted a device with communicating holes formed by annular grooves;

Figure 5 - conventionally depicted a device with communicating holes formed by a spiral groove;

6 is a schematic diagram of the combined entry of vortices into the vortex tubes of the resonator in the form of counter-directed vortices and one-sidedly directed;

Fig.7 - schematically shows a combined combination of vortex tubes of different diameters.

Figure 1 conditionally shows a variant of a device for processing acoustic excitation of a liquid product, which consists of a first cover 1 with a first inlet pipe 2, which is connected by a pipe to the supply line 3 through the first control valve 4, the second cover 5 with a second inlet pipe 6, which through the second control valve 7 is connected by a pipeline to the supply line 3, the main vortex tube 8 and the resonator 9. The main vortex tube 8 with the second cover 5 form the first pressure product chamber 10, and the second inlet the nozzle 6 and the resonator 9 form a second pressure product chamber 11. The main vortex tube 8 is provided with first tangential nozzles 12 in communication with the first pressure product chamber 10 and the annular space 13 formed by the main vortex tube 8 and the resonator 9. The resonator 9 contains vortex tubes 14 communicated with the annular space 13, on the one hand, and the second tangential nozzles 15 with the second pressure product chamber 11, on the other hand. The vortex tubes 14 of the resonator 9 are provided with axial vortex displacers 16.

Alternatively, the resonator 9 may have a design, as shown in figure 4, where the communicating holes 17 are formed by the intersection of the annular grooves with the cavities of the vortex tubes.

Alternatively, the resonator 9 may be provided, as shown in FIG. 5, with interconnected holes 17 formed by the intersection of the spiral groove with the cavities of the vortex tubes of the resonator.

Figure 6 conditionally shows a diagram in which a combination of counter-directed vortex tubes 14 and one-sided vortex tubes 14 in the resonator 9 is made.

Alternatively, the resonator 9 may have, as shown in FIG. 7, a combination of vortex tubes 14 of different diameters. At the output end, a reflecting plate 18 is attached to the resonator 9, which forms a slit 19 with the output end of the resonator 9 for damping the main ring vortex by the outgoing vortices of the vortex tubes 14 of the resonator 9. At the output, the device is equipped with an acoustic chamber 20.

Implementation of the proposed method is carried out by the device, conventionally depicted in figure 1 and figure 2. The product along the supply line 3 is divided into two flows and under pressure is sent to the first 10 and second 11 pressure product chambers. Using the first 4 and second 7 control valves in the first 10 and second 11 pressure product chambers, effective flow and pressure parameters are established for pressure and flow. The product through the first tangential grooves 12 is fed into the annular space 13, and through the second tangential grooves 15 into the vortex tubes 14 of the resonator 9.

Thus, a vortex-ring flow is formed in the annular space 13, which interacts with counter-directed resonant vortex flows formed in the vortex tubes 14. Since the open parts of the vortex tubes 14 are facing outward and communicated with the annular space 13, acoustic excitation occurs in these places flows, which propagates throughout the annular flow along a spiral path. The vortex excitation occurs not only due to counter-directional interaction, as shown in Fig. 2, but also due to the difference in velocities of the inner surface vortex-ring layer in the case of one-sided interaction of vortices, as shown in Fig. 3.

Acoustic excitation can be carried out not only completely open along the generatrix of the communicating holes 17, but also partially open, formed by annular grooves on the outer surface of the resonator 9 (Fig. 4), or partially open communicating holes 17, formed by a similar intersection along a spiral path (Fig. 5). Depending on the rheological properties of the products, an excitation variant can be used (Fig. 6) with a combination of oppositely directed and one-sidedly directed vortices together with an excitation variant (Fig. 7) vortex flows in vortex tubes of different diameters. The resonant eddy flows of the resonator at the exit in their spiral motion are blocked by the reflecting plate 18 and through the annular gap 19 act on the main annular flow, creating additional excitation at the output in the acoustic chamber 20.

In all the described cases of acoustic excitation, the unilateral direction of the centrifugal forces of the main annular flow and resonant vortices is unchanged. This circumstance makes the scoring of the product longer. And by regulating the pressure with the control valves 4 and 7 in the pressure product chambers 10 and 11, it is possible to expand the range of regulation of the cavitation process and the acoustic excitation of the interacting vortex flows due to the difference in the energies of the main ring flow and resonant vortices.

The source of excitation is the shear deformation of the contacting surface-active layers of the vortex flows, so the use of the options shown in figure 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, depends on the rheological properties of the products.

The nodes and parts of the described device can be manufactured on conventional equipment, which corresponds to the industrial applicability of the invention.

Thus, the use of heat and mass and energy exchange method and device for its implementation allows you to adjust the power of acoustic exposure to the product in the desired range of frequency-amplitude characteristics, to increase the volume and density of cavitation space.

Claims (5)

1. The method of heat and mass energy exchange by partially touching the counter-directed surface-outer layers of two or more vortex product flows to a depth that provides excitation due to the deformation-shear interaction occurring in the intersection zone of the interconnected vortex tubes, characterized in that in the main vortex tube containing resonator, form the main eddy-ring flow of the product with a normalized pressure-flow hydrodynamic regime of vortex reforming, and in the vortex tube x placed in the resonator form resonant vortex flows equally or counter-directed relative to the main vortex-ring flow with pressure-flow hydrodynamic vortex-reforming regimes that differ from the main vortex-flow, excite acoustic vibrations by partially touching the inner annular surface of the main vortex-ring flow with the outer layers vortex flows of the resonator in the zones of intersection of the cavities of the vortex tubes with the main space of the main vortex flow and bring the product to use. 2. Heat and mass energy exchange device containing the first and second pressure product chambers, vortex tubes communicated with each other by partially intersecting them along the generators and combined at the output of the acoustic chamber, characterized in that the main vortex tube is in communication with one of the two pressure product chambers, provided an installation-movable relative to its axis resonator located inside the main vortex tube and containing one or more vortex tubes located in a circle parallel to the axial main a vortex tube and openings connected with its annular cavity, formed by the intersection along the generators of the inner surfaces of the vortex tubes with the outer surface of the resonator, while the vortex tubes are separately communicated with their second pressure chamber with their tangential nozzles at the inlet. 3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the resonator contains, in combinations combining different diameters, vortex tubes with the same and (or) counter-directional interaction of resonant vortex flows. 4. The device according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that at the output end of the resonator the output parts of the vortex tubes are limited by a plate forming a gap between the end of the resonator and the plate. 5. The device according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the first and second pressure product chambers are equipped with control valves on their inlet pipes.

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