RU2304261C1 - Method and device for heat and mass exchange - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heat and mass exchange apparatus.

SUBSTANCE: method comprises exciting the vortex flows of products by a method of acoustical resonance with the use of interconnected vortex pipes. The vortex pipes generate radial-vortex flows . The outlets of the pipes face th center, and the ring acoustic field is generated in the ring space formed by the intersected vortex pipes. The acoustic energy is concentrated at the center of the acoustic chamber, and acoustically treated flow is supplied to the consumer. The device comprises pressure product chamber. The vortex pipes are cylindrical and arranged radially. The conical outlet spaces of the pipes face the acoustic chamber.

EFFECT: enhanced power.

4 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to acoustic (for example, ultrasonic) methods of heat and mass energy exchange of liquid, gas, gas-liquid mixtures, suspensions and dispersions in mechanophysical and chemical conversion processes, in addition, in this way they act on water to heat it as a coolant.

Known methods of intensifying heat and mass transfer by acoustic excitation of through-flow products by transferring liquid vibrational energy using a source of mechanical vibrations interacting with the liquid. This method is used in hydrodynamic ultrasonic emitters with plate and rod resonant oscillating devices, in vortex and rotary-pulsating devices. Another way to intensify heat and mass energy exchange by acoustic excitation can be the interaction of jet streams with each other by transferring the kinetic energy of one stream to another. This method is used in jet-vortex devices (injectors, vortex tubes) in which the potential energy is converted into kinetic energy, followed by heat and mass transfer of interacting media. As a result of such an interaction, a resonance and a cavitation effect arise, as a result of which bonds between molecules and atoms are broken, during the restoration of which energy is released in the form of heat. Heat generators work on this basis.

There is a method of resonant excitation of a liquid and a device for heating the liquid [RF patent 2232630, 7 B01J 19/10, published July 20, 04], in which the method of resonant excitation is based on the processing of a liquid by a source of mechanical vibrations at a frequency from a number of fundamental frequencies subject to a certain empirical dependence . The method of heating the liquid is based on the acoustic treatment of the liquid and includes feeding it into the cavity of the rotating impeller and discharging from the cavity through a series of outlet openings in the peripheral annular wall of the impeller into the annular chamber, and then into the collection chamber subject to certain ratios between the rotational speed of the impeller, the radius of the peripheral wall and the resonant frequency. The disadvantages of this method include the complexity of the technical implementation of this method, the selectivity of the excitation, the multi-factor dependence of the resonant excitation on the geometric, frequency parameters and the limited possibility of using this method for other heat and mass transfer processes.

The closest in technical essence is the method of heat and mass energy exchange and a device for its implementation [RF patent 2268772, 7 B01J 19/10, 7 B01F 11/02, published 01/27/2006], in which the excitation is carried out using interconnected vortex tubes, by partial the contact of counter-directed surface-outer layers of two or more vortex flows to a depth that ensures their acoustic excitation due to deformation interaction occurring in the zone of intersection of the vortex tubes. A device for implementing this method is made in the form of two or more vortex tubes communicated with each other by partially intersecting them along generatrixes.

However, this method and device have several disadvantages. Firstly, when the vortices move through the pipes, the centrifugal force decreases due to the interaction of the vortices, as a result of which the density and volume of the cavitation space decreases. Secondly, the kinetic energy decreases and, as a result, the frequency range of acoustic resonance decreases. In addition, the destruction of vortex flows in the acoustic chamber takes a long time, that is, the energy of acoustic excitation during the destruction of flows is spent inefficiently, from the point of view of the destructive transformation of the state of aggregation of the product. Thus, there is a decrease in the power of acoustic exposure to the product.

The technical result, which the invention is directed to, is the improvement of the method and device for heat and mass and energy exchange according to the patent of the Russian Federation 2268772, namely:

- increase the power of acoustic effects on the product;

- enhancing the stability of resonant excitation in a wider frequency range;

- an increase in the volume and density of cavitation space.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that, using interconnected vortex tubes, by partially touching the counter-directed surface-outer layers of two or more vortex flows to a depth that provides excitation due to the deformation-shear interaction occurring in the intersection zone of the vortex tubes, they form radially vortex flows, facing their exit to the center, create an annular field of acoustic excitation in the annular space of partial intersections of vortex tubes along generatrixes concentrate the energy of acoustic excitation in the center of the acoustic chamber and output the processed sound stream to use.

To implement the present method, there is provided a device comprising a pressure product chamber, vortex tubes communicated with each other by partially intersecting them along generators and connected at the outlet by an acoustic chamber, while the vortex tubes are cylindrical, arranged radially and face the acoustic chamber with their output conical cavities , while a partial intersection among themselves along the generators is made in the conical part of the vortex tubes.

The inner surface of the acoustic chamber can be made spherical, cylindrical, paraboloid or ellipsoid.

A variant of this device is a solution in which the cylindrical vortex tubes are arranged radially separately and additionally introduced cylindrical vortex tubes located between the cylindrical vortex tubes, and communication between them is carried out by partially intersecting the cylindrical vortex tubes along generatrices with conical cavities of the cylindrical vortex tubes.

The invention will be understood more fully from the following detailed description in combination with the drawings, in which:

figure 1 - conditional image of the device Assembly;

figure 2 - conditional image of the device in cross section AA (arrangement of cylindrical vortex tubes);

figure 3 - conditional image of partial intersections of the cones of cylindrical vortex tubes;

figure 4 - conditional image of the device, a variant of the combined arrangement of cylindrical and cylindrical vortex tubes;

5 is a conditional image of a scan of the outlet openings of the vortex tubes, a view from the center of the acoustic chamber.

In figure 1, figure 2, figure 3 conventionally shows the design of the device, consisting of an inlet pipe 1 and a housing 2, which form a pressure product chamber. A vortex block 3 is placed in the casing, in which cylindrical conical vortex tubes 4 are located radially, containing tangential entries 5. An acoustic chamber 6 is axially placed in the vortex block 3. The cylindrical vortex tubes 4 face their conical outlets to the center of the acoustic chamber 6 and communicate with their conical surfaces among themselves by partial intersection along generatrix 7, as shown in Fig.3. The design of the device shown in figure 1, figure 2, figure 3, may have other options. As shown in figure 4, the cylindrical vortex tubes are made separately, that is, are not communicated by partial intersections with each other, and between them are cylindrical vortex tubes 8, which are in communication with the conical parts of the cylindrical conical tubes 4 by partially intersecting along the generatrices.

To describe the operation of the device, consider as an example the design shown in figure 1, figure 2. The product is supplied under pressure through the pipe 1 into the cavity of the housing 2, in which the vortex block 3 is connected, connected with the output channel. Using the tangential grooves 5, unidirectional vortices are formed in the cylindrical parts of the cylinder-conical vortex tubes 4 and, moving along a spiral path, pass into the conical parts of the cylindrical vortex tubes, which are interconnected by partial intersections along the generatrix 7, as shown in Fig. 3. As a result, in the annular space formed by the partial intersection of the conical parts of the cylindrical conical vortex tubes, a center-directed acoustic excitation is formed, which is concentrated in the center of the acoustic chamber 6, which is essentially an excitation concentrator. In the cylindrical part of the cylindrical-conical vortex tube, a stable vortex flow is formed, which passes to the conical part of the cylindrical-vortex vortex tube. The tangential velocity, according to the law of conservation of angular momentum, increases with decreasing radius of rotation, while the product of tangential velocity and radius of rotation tends to remain constant. Therefore, in the conical part of the cylindrical-conical vortex tube, the value of the centrifugal velocity increases significantly, which leads to a more intense interaction of partially contacting opposed outer layers of the vortices in the zone of partial intersection of the conical parts of the cylindrical vortex tubes. The partial intersection zone of the vortex tubes is an acoustic excitation zone, as shown in FIG. Since the generators of 7 conical surfaces are at an angle to the top of the cone, the intersection width is variable (Fig. 3), which allows a wider range of frequency-amplitude characteristics of scoring to occur. In addition, the flows entering the acoustic chamber from the vortex tubes are directed to one side relative to each other and are in contact with the opposed outer layers, but at the same time their rotation at the outlet is diametrically opposite to the exits of the other tubes. In the center of the acoustic chamber 6, an instantaneous transition of kinetic energy to potential occurs, which is accompanied by heat generation, destructive transformation of the dispersed-aggregate state of the product, and acoustic activation of molecular bonds. For the purpose of additional concentration of energy in the acoustic chamber, its inner surface may be cylindrical, spherical, ellipsoid or paraboloid.

Similarly, the device shown in figure 4. In contrast to the operation of the device of FIG. 2, in this case there is a partial intersection of the vortex flows formed by cylindrical 8 and cylindrical 4 vortex tubes. The nodes and parts of the described device can be manufactured on conventional universal equipment, which corresponds to the industrial applicability of the invention.

Thus, the use of the proposed method of heat and mass energy exchange and a device for its implementation allows you to concentrate the acoustic power on the product in a limited volume, to increase the stability of resonant excitation in a wider frequency range, to increase the volume and density of cavitation space.

Claims (4)

1. The method of heat and mass energy exchange by the method of acoustic resonant excitation of vortex flows of products using interconnected vortex tubes by partially touching the opposite surface-directed outer layers of two or more vortex flows to a depth that provides excitation due to the deformation-shear interaction occurring in the intersection of the vortex tubes, characterized in that with the help of vortex tubes form radially vortex flows, facing its exit to the center, create a ring A field of acoustic excitation in the annular space of partial intersections of vortex tubes along the generatrixes, the energy of acoustic excitation is concentrated in the center of the acoustic chamber and the sound-processed stream is brought out for use. 2. Heat and mass energy exchange device containing a pressure product chamber, vortex tubes communicated with each other by partially intersecting them along generators and connected at the output by an acoustic chamber, characterized in that the vortex tubes are cylindrical-conical, arranged radially and with their output conical cavities facing acoustic chamber, while a partial intersection between themselves along the generatrix is made in the conical part of the vortex tubes. 3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the inner surface of the acoustic chamber is made spherical, cylindrical, paraboloid or ellipsoid. 4. The device according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the cylinder-conical vortex tubes are radially separated and additionally introduced cylindrical vortex tubes located between the cylinder-conical vortex tubes, and communication between them is carried out by partially crossing the cylindrical vortex tubes along forming with conical cavities of cylindrical-conical vortex tubes.

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