RU2344220C2 - Drainage chute - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction, road construction.

SUBSTANCE: proposed invention is referred to railroad bed design and, namely to drainage structures to drain surface or ground waters. The proposed design may be also used for draining other structures, including motor roads. Besides the proposed solution is aimed at reducing earthwork scope while chutes are installed and preventing their early flooding. To achieve the result, drainage chute is made of glass-fiber material and consisted of concave bottom and flat walls tilted outwards. There are draining openings in the walls. The chute also includes transverse fins arranged along wall and bottom generatrix from the outside and along chute length except end surfaces. The longitudinal fins are installed from the outside of the upper edge of walls and transverse fins. The chute also comprises anchor plates, which are installed horizontally from the outside of the chute and between transverse fins. The chute bottom and walls are expanding at one of end surfaces. The walls are tilted to 24 to 45° angle. It is desirable to make draining openings with meshes.

EFFECT: reduction of earthwork scope while chutes are installed and prevention of their early flooding.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to the construction of the subgrade of the railway track, and specifically to drainage structures for the removal of surface and groundwater. The proposed design may also find application for drainage and other structures, including roads.

Known adopted for the prototype drainage tray - RF patent for utility model No. 50548, E01F 5/00, which is made of fiberglass and consists of a concave bottom, flat walls tilted outward with drainage holes made in them, transverse stiffeners made outside along the generatrix of the walls and the bottom along the entire length of the tray except the ends, longitudinal stiffeners, made outside the upper edge of the walls and transverse stiffeners, as well as anchor plates located horizontally between the transverse ribs on the outside of the tray and rigidity, and wherein the bottom of the tray at one end have a broadening. All these essential features of the prototype are in the proposed technical solution.

The design of the drainage trays (RF patent for utility model No. 50548, E01F 5/00) has proved to be the best, however, as shown by calculations, this cross-sectional profile, in which the walls are tilted outward by an angle of about 7 degrees, is not optimal the ratio of the length of the shell - the cross-sectional area, in addition, in the conditions of the mobile state of the soil (quicksand, wet peat, etc.) to ensure the strength of the tray under the influence of lateral loads (the angle of internal friction of most in soils ranges from 10 ° to 24 °) it is necessary to overestimate the thickness of the walls and ribs. At the same time, the technique used when laying trenches under the trays makes a trench, as a rule, of a trapezoidal section, which, after installing the trays, needs to be filled from the sides with a large volume of soil. In the presence of small unbound fractions, such as peat, in the soil, the trays are quickly silted through drainage holes.

The present invention solves the technical problem of optimizing the cross section from the point of view of matching a certain shell length of the maximum useful cross-sectional area, as well as reducing the thickness of the side walls and edges of the tray (or ensuring their increased strength) and, accordingly, the weight and cost of the tray. In addition, this technical solution is aimed at reducing the volume of earthwork during the installation of trays, as well as at preventing their rapid siltation.

To achieve the aforementioned technical result in a drainage tray made of fiberglass and consisting of a concave bottom, flat outwardly inclined walls with drainage holes made therein, transverse stiffeners made outside along the generatrix of the walls and bottom along the entire length of the tray except for ends, longitudinal stiffeners made outside the upper edge of the walls and transverse stiffeners, as well as anchor plates located outside the tray horizontally between the transverse stiffeners, and the tray bottom at one end have a broadening wall inclined outwardly at an angle of 24 to 45 degrees.

In addition, to prevent siltation of the tray, the drainage holes are lattice (mesh).

Distinctive features of the proposed drainage tray is the implementation of the walls tilted outward at an angle of 24 to 45 degrees, and additionally drainage holes can be made lattice.

Due to the presence of these distinctive features, together with the known ones, the following technical result is achieved: the cross section of the tray is optimized - for a given shell length, the tray has a maximum useful cross-sectional area, the execution of side walls with a slope of 24-45 degrees allows you to reduce the material consumption of the tray (reduce the thickness of the walls and ribs and accordingly the cost) or increase the strength from lateral loads at a constant thickness. An increased angle of inclination of the walls, the value of which is close to or exceeds the value of the angle of internal friction (10 ° ... 24 °) of most types of soils, leads to a significant decrease in the constant load on the walls of the tray and the absence of deformation of the tray from creep of the material during long-term operation.

In addition, the volume of earthwork during installation of the trays is reduced, and their rapid siltation is also prevented.

The proposed technical solution can find application in the production of drainage structures for various purposes, including drainage structures of railways and roads.

The design of the proposed drainage tray is illustrated by figures 1 and 2.

The figure 1 shows graphs of the dependences of the angle of inclination of the wall and the cross-sectional area from the depth of the tray.

The figure 2 shows a General view and cross section of a tray with an angle of inclination of the walls of 35 degrees.

As can be seen from the graphs of the dependences of the wall angle and cross-sectional area on the depth of the tray shown in FIG. 1, the tray has a maximum cross-sectional area at a wall angle of about 35 degrees (varies little in the range from 24 (upper limit of the angle of internal friction) to 45 degrees). As calculations showed, with a similar shell length and the angle of inclination of the walls, as in the prototype - 7 degrees, the loss in the cross-sectional area is about 30%.

The drainage tray shown in FIG. 2 consists of a concave bottom 1, the radial shape of which contributes to the self-cleaning of the trays due to the gradient of flow rates, flat walls 2 inclined outwardly at an angle of 35 degrees with drainage holes 3 made therein, transverse stiffeners 4 made outside along the generatrix of the walls 2 and the bottom 1 along the entire length of the tray except for the ends, longitudinal stiffeners 5, made outside the upper edge of the walls 2 and transverse stiffeners 4, as well as anchor plates 6 located the tray horizontally between the transverse stiffeners 4, while the bottom 1 and the walls 2 of the tray at one of the ends have a broadening 7. Anchor plates 6 are installed on both sides of the tray on several or all sections between the ribs 4. In this case, to prevent siltation of the tray, drainage holes 3 made lattice - in this case (which is the most technologically advanced) on them from the outside on a binder are fixed mesh 8 made of polymer materials.

The above trays are made mainly as follows. Initially, the anchor plates 6, as well as the transverse stiffeners 4 with a thickness of 5 to 12 mm, depending on the size of the tray and, accordingly, the load, are manufactured by press or contact molding. The inner contour of the transverse ribs 4 is strictly consistent with the shape of the generatrix of the tray. The casing, consisting of walls 2, bottom 1 and longitudinal stiffener 5, is molded on a snap, ribs 4 and anchor plates 6 are installed and molded at the same time. After polymerization of a thermoset waterproof binder, the trays are removed from the mold and can be heat treated to accelerate the curing process of the binder. Also, after the polymerization of the trays on the drainage holes 3 on the binder can be installed mesh 8 made of polymer materials.

In place, the drainage trays are installed as follows. A trapezoidal trench digs, corresponding in size to the installed trays and design documentation. Then the installation of the trays in the trench begins with the laying of each subsequent section of the tray in broadening 7 of the previous one. If it is necessary to lay a section of the tray, the length of which is less than the whole tray, it is trimmed to the required size, for example, with a hacksaw so that the cut line is away from the transverse rib 3. Next, the assembly is performed as usual. If necessary, trays with rotation are used. After installing the trays, filling is carried out, and then the trays are closed from above with plates - covers (usually concrete, but it is possible to manufacture and supply composite fiberglass covers). To ensure the removal of groundwater in areas of long length (more than 100 m), with a slope of at least 0.002, trays of various dimensions in depth (height) are used.

Claims (2)

1. A drainage tray made of fiberglass and consisting of a concave bottom, flat walls inclined to the outside with drainage holes made therein, transverse stiffeners made outside along the generatrix of the walls and bottom throughout the tray except for ends, longitudinal stiffeners made outside along the upper edge of the walls, and transverse stiffeners, as well as anchor plates located horizontally between the transverse stiffeners outside the tray, while the bottom and walls of the tray at one of the ends are widened e, characterized in that the walls are inclined outwardly at an angle of 24 to 45 °. 2. The tray according to claim 1, characterized in that the drainage holes are made trellised.

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