RU2343361C1 - Bipolar ion generator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heating systems, air handling.

SUBSTANCE: generator is intended for air handling in dwellings, medical institutions, offices, and other inhabited premises not polluted with harmful impurities, and can be used for enriching the air with ions of both signs, for removing electrostatic charges from different objects and people's clothes, and for removing dust, bacteria and spores of fungi from air. Ion generator consists of a group of discharge and acceleration electrodes, which is located in a casing being blown. Discharge and acceleration electrodes are connected to output bipolar buses of high-voltage discharge voltage shaper. Generator is equipped with the second group of discharge and acceleration electrodes similar to the first group of such electrodes and located near it; at that discharge electrodes of the first group are electrically connected to acceleration electrodes of the second group, and acceleration electrodes of the first group are electrically connected to discharge electrodes of the second group.

EFFECT: improving uniform distribution of ions of both signs in the air being ionised, and improving, owing thereto, the quality of ionic composition of air.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to techniques for treating air in residential, medical, office and other inhabited premises not contaminated with harmful impurities, and can be used to enrich air with ions of both signs, remove electrostatic charges from various objects and clothes of people, purify air from dust, bacteria and spore fungi.

There are many physical processes of natural origin that are different in nature and which participate in the ionization of the air around us (see, for example, N.A. Kaptsov. Electrical Phenomena in Gases and Vacuum. State Publishing House. Technical and Theoretical Literature. M.-L., 1950 ., pp. 222-241, 589-604). However, in the artificial air ionization technique, mainly ion generators have been used, in which ions are created either by low-energy β-active isotopes, for example, tritium, carbon-14 or nickel-63 (see, for example, SU 106280 A, 1957), or corona discharge between two electrodes (see, for example, SU 842347 A, 06/30/1981, V.P. Reuta).

Ion generators that use β-active isotopes allow you to create the closest in quality composition to natural artificially ionized atmosphere by simple technical means. But safety precautions when handling radioactive materials to protect them from destruction and disposal conditions require special monitoring services, which makes the widespread use of such ion generators impossible.

A large number of ion generators, in which a corona discharge is used between two electrodes for supplying a constant, pulsating, or pulsed high-voltage voltage, is used to ionize air, but there are not many that can compete in the qualitative composition of the produced ions with radioactive ion generators.

In radioactive ion generators, the process of ion formation is continuous, with ions of both signs appear in pairs. At the same time, the process of volume recombination of ions is ongoing, in which ions of different signs, meeting, neutralize each other's charges (for more details about these processes, see, for example, J. Kay, T. Laby. Tables of physical and chemical constants. M. State Publishing House. Mat. Literature. 1962, pp. 191-193 - on recombination and pp. 215-216 - on specific ionization by charged particles).

The presence of bulk ion recombination does not allow the majority of ions to “age” and turn into medium and heavy ions, the presence of which in the air is undesirable, if not harmful to health, although they are involved in cleaning the air from dust (On the processes of formation and structure of atmospheric ions described in detail in the article: Eichmeier J. Beitrag zum Problem der Struktur der atmospharischen Kleinionen. - "Zeitschrift für Geophysik", 1968, Vol.34, S.297-322).

At the end of this article, Fig. 10 shows a diagram of the formation and structure of light, medium, and heavy ions with an indication of the lifetime of these ions.

In well-known bipolar ion generators containing corona electrodes located in the blown housing connected to the output buses of the high-voltage corona voltage driver, the ions are produced in packs of one or the other sign with a pack duration of several minutes (see, for example, US 3936698 A, 02/03/1979 ) to units of milliseconds.

And although these packets of heteropolar ions are moved by the air stream, the process of recombination of ions from these packets begins with a delay, which leads to the formation of a large number of medium and heavy ions, since the lifetime of light ions lies in the range from 10 ^-4 to 100 seconds - this is the time during which the unrecombined light ion will necessarily collide with a large conglomerate of molecules or a condensation core and form a medium or heavy ion.

The prototype can be any known bipolar or unipolar ion generator containing corona and accelerating electrodes located in the blown housing, but the closest in functionality is a bipolar ion generator containing a group of corona and accelerating electrodes located in the blown housing connected to the output bipolar tires of the high-voltage corona voltage driver (see: RU 42629 U1, 12/10/2004, V.P. Reuta, A.F. Tuktagulov).

Since in the prototype, packets of unipolar pulses of either positive or negative polarity are fed to the corona electrodes, ions of both signs also appear in the air in batches of either one or the other polarity, which leads, as noted above, to the formation of an excessive amount of unnecessary medium and heavy ions.

The objective is to increase the uniformity of the distribution of ions of both signs in the ionized air and to improve due to this quality the ionic composition of the air.

For this, a bipolar ion generator containing a group of corona and accelerating electrodes located in the blown housing is connected to the output bipolar buses of the high-voltage corona voltage generator, is equipped with a second group of corona and accelerating electrodes, similar to the first group of such electrodes and located next to it, while the corona electrodes the first group are electrically connected to the accelerating electrodes of the second group, and the accelerating electrodes of the first group are electrically connected discharge electrodes of the second group.

The drawing shows an electric circuit diagram of a bipolar ion generator, created on the basis of the above prototype. It adopted the standard designation of elements. Here, in the housing 1, on the insulators, which are not shown in the drawing, two groups of corona 2 and 4 and accelerating 3 and 5 electrodes are installed, where the corona electrodes 2 of the first group are electrically connected to the accelerating electrodes 5 of the second group, and the accelerating electrodes 3 of the first group are electrically connected with corona electrodes 4 of the second group, and both groups of electrodes are connected to the bipolar outputs 6 and 7 of the shaper of the high-voltage corona voltage 8. The air to be ionized is blown through the housing 1 in the direction of relok "A", and in the direction of the arrows "B" and "C" out of the polarized ionized air. If the housing 1 is metal, then it is connected to a common bus.

The output buses 6 and 7 inside the shaper 8 are connected to the bipolar leads of the secondary 9 windings of the high voltage transformer 10, the primary winding 11 of which is connected via one end through a boost capacitor 12 to the output of the first 13 voltage switch, assembled according to the scheme of a complementary emitter follower on a complementary pair of Darlington transistors 14 and 15, the bases of which are combined and connected to the output of the inverter 16, the input of which is combined with the input of the second 17 voltage switch. The switch 17 is made similar to the switch 13 on a complementary pair of Darlington transistors 18 and 19, and its output is connected to the second end of the primary winding 11 of the transformer 10. The combined inputs of the inverter 16 and the switch 17 are connected to the output of the EXCLUSIVE OR logic element 20, the first input of which is connected to the output of the ion concentration regulator 21, which is a high-frequency pulse generator with an adjustable duration and repetition rate of the output pulses of positive polarity. The pulse generator 21 is assembled on two series-connected inverters 22 and 23, where the output of the inverter 23, which is the output of the generator 21, through the timing capacitor 24 and the decoupling resistor 25 is connected to the input of the inverter 22. The common point of the inverters 22 and 23 is connected to the movable resistor 26 the contact of the potentiometer 27, acting as a regulator of the duration of the output pulses of the generator 21. The right output of the potentiometer 27 through the potentiometer in the rheostat inclusion 28 and the direct-connected diode 29 is connected to a common point a capacitor 24 and a resistor 25, to which the left output of the potentiometer 27 is additionally connected via a reverse-connected diode 30. The second input of the logic element 20 is connected to the output of the low-frequency pulse generator 31 with a constant frequency and adjustable duty cycle of the output pulses. This generator consists of series-connected inverters 32 and 33, where the output of the inverter 33, which is the output of the generator 31, is connected to the input of the inverter 32 through the timing capacitor 34 and the isolation resistor 35, and the common point of the inverters 32 and 33 is connected to the movable contact through the current-limiting resistor 36 potentiometer 37, acting as a regulator of the duty cycle of the output pulses of the generator 31. The extreme conclusions of the potentiometer 37 through a reverse-connected diode 38 and, respectively, through a direct-connected diode 39 are connected to a common point Second capacitor 34 and resistor 35. A positive supply voltage at all necessary points circuit is supplied with respect to the common bus 40 through the bus.

Shaper high-voltage corona voltage 8 is fully borrowed from the prototype, where it is described in detail. In turn, it uses almost classic nodes. So, Darlington's complementary emitter followers used in voltage switches 13 and 17 are described in the book: Claude Galle. Useful tips for developing and debugging electronic circuits. M .: "DMK", 2003, pp. 106-107, Fig. 2.67. Here, on page 63 and Figure 2.27, information about Darlington transistors is placed. Pulse generators 21 and 31 are based on classic multivibrators (see: R. Melen, G. Garland. Integrated circuits with CMOS structures. M: "Energy", 1979, pp. 105-107, Fig. 6-1 .), in which, with the help of diodes 29, 30 and 38, 39, respectively, the charge and discharge circuits of the capacitors are separated, respectively 24 and 34. Similar schemes are described in SU 1132340 A, 12/30/1984 (V.P. Reuta).

During presetting of the bipolar ion generator by potentiometer 27, the minimum pulse duration at the output of the pulse generator 21 is set; a potentiometer 28 sets such a repetition rate of the above pulses that transients in the primary winding 11 of the transformer 10 will end in a time less than half the repetition period of these pulses; potentiometer 37 set the duty cycle of the pulses at the output of the pulse generator 31, equal to two.

The bipolar ion generator operates as follows.

After switching on the supply voltage, a high-frequency pulse generator 21 and a low-frequency pulse generator 31 immediately begin to generate continuous sequences of pulses, and the frequency of the output pulses of the latter, as a rule, is several orders of magnitude lower than the frequency of the output pulses of the generator 21. If inside the generator 21 at the output of the inverter 23 "Single" state, then there is a charge of the capacitor 24, through which the charge current flows from the output of the inverter 23 through the diode 30, the left side of the potentiometer 27, res Side 26 and through the "zero" output of the inverter 22 on a common bus. Due to this current, at the common point of the capacitor 24 and the resistor 25, a “unit” voltage is established at the initial moment, which, through the resistor 25, enters the input of the inverter 22 and maintains a “zero” state at its output. As the capacitor 24 charges, the charging current and, accordingly, the voltage at the input of the inverter 22 will fall. As soon as the voltage at the input of the inverter 22 decreases to the level of operation of this inverter, it will tip over into a “single” state at its output and transfer the inverter 23 to the “zero” state at its output. Thus, a pulse is formed at the output of the inverter 23 and, accordingly, at the output of the generator 21. The duration of this pulse is determined by the charge constant of the capacitor 24, i.e. resistance in the charge circuit of this capacitor. By changing this resistance using potentiometer 27, you can change the duration of the output pulses of the pulse generator 21. After the inverter 22 is in the “single” state at its output, and the inverter 23 is in the “zero” state, the process of recharging the capacitor 24. The recharging current of the capacitor 24 will flow from the output of the inverter 22 through the resistor 26, the right side of the potentiometer 27, the potentiometer 28, the diode 29 and through the output of the inverter 23 to the common bus. In the process of recharging the capacitor 24, the potential at the common point of the capacitor 24 and the resistor 25 will increase from the initial negative value to the positive side until it reaches the response level of the inverter 22. When this level is reached, the inverter 22 will overturn to its “zero” state at its output and translates the output of the inverter 23 into a “single” state, after which the process of pulse formation will be repeated according to the foregoing. By changing the resistance of the potentiometer 28, you can change the pulse repetition rate at the output of the inverter 23 with a constant duration of these pulses, and by changing the position of the potentiometer 27 engine, you can change the duration of the output pulses of the inverter 23 at a constant pulse frequency.

The electrical circuit of the pulse generator 31 is similar to the circuit of the pulse generator 21, when its potentiometer engine 28 is set to the extreme left position, therefore, the pulse generator 31 operates similarly to the generator 21, and the potentiometer 37 serves to set the duty cycle of the output pulses of the generator 31 to two at a constant repetition rate these impulses.

The output signals from the generators 21 and 31 are fed to the inputs of the EXCLUSIVE OR logic element 20, the output signal of which takes a “zero” value when both signals have either a “zero” or a “single” value at its inputs. If the input signals have different meanings, then the output signal of the element 20 will be "single".

Suppose, at the initial moment, the output signals of the pulse generators 21 and 31 have a "zero" value. In this case, the output signal of the element 20 will also be “zero”. This signal will switch the switch 17 to the “zero” state, in which it will close the transistor 18 and open the transistor 19, and the switch 13 will translate due to the presence of an inverter 16 in its “single” state, in which the transistor 14 opens and the transistor 15 closes. In this state of the switches 13 and 17 from the supply bus 40 through the open transistor 14, the boost capacitor 12, the primary winding 11 of the transformer 10 and the open transistor 19, the charge current of the boost capacitor 12 will flow to the common bus, which will charge up to the output voltage of the switch 13. When the "single" signal appears at the output of the pulse generator 21, the logic element 20 will also go into the "single" state, as a result of which the transistor 14 closes in the switch 13 and the transistor 15 opens, and the transistor 18 opens in the switch 17 and the transistor 19 will close. With this state of the switches 13 and 17, the negative voltage of the charged capacitor 12 will be applied relative to the common bus to the upper end of the primary 11 of the transformer 10 winding, and to the lower to the end of this winding is a positive voltage from the power bus 40. That is, an almost double supply voltage of the bus 40 will be applied to the primary winding 11 of the high-voltage transformer 10, which will cause current to flow through the winding 11 of the transformer 10. As a result, a voltage pulse is formed on the primary winding 10, which is equal in duration to the output pulse of the generator 21, and on the secondary 9 winding transformer 10 a high-voltage pulse will appear, which through the output buses 6 and 7 of the shaper of high-voltage voltage 8 will arrive simultaneously on both groups of corona and accelerating electrodes with respectively, 2, 3 and 4, 5. Suppose that the voltage on the output bus 6 is positive relative to the output bus 7. Then, a high-voltage positive voltage will be applied to the corona electrodes 2 in relation to the accelerating electrodes 3, which will create a positive corona between these electrodes, and the corona electrodes 4 with respect to the accelerating electrodes 5 will be applied a negative high-voltage voltage, which will create a negative corona between these electrodes. As a result of such coronation, non-ionized air blown through the housing 1 in the direction of arrows “A” is conditionally divided into two oppositely ionized flows - in the direction of arrows “B” a flow of positively ionized air is formed, and in the direction of arrows “C” a flow of negatively ionized air is formed . Due to the turbulence of the air stream at some small distance from the accelerating electrodes 3 and 5, these two streams are mixed into one bipolar-ionized stream, with the help of which the ions propagate in the surrounding space and “live” until they recombine with oppositely charged ions.

Since in the process of generating a working pulse on the primary winding of transformer 10, a boost boost capacitor 12 is discharged, the value of its capacitance is chosen such that during the duration of the working pulse the amplitude of the high voltage pulse formed on the output winding 9 of the transformer 10 does not fall below the corona threshold of the corona electrodes 2 and 4.

At the end of the pulse at the output of the generator 21, transistors 14 and 19 will open again, and transistors 15 and 18 will close. The process of recharging the boost capacitor 12 to the level of the output voltage of switch 13 will begin. In this case, a reverse voltage equal to the difference between the primary winding of transformer 10 will be applied the output voltage of the switch 13 and the residual voltage on the capacitor 12, decreasing exponentially during the recharging of the capacitor 12. An impulse is also generated on the secondary 9 of the transformer 10 atomic polarity, but its amplitude will be significantly lower than the coronation threshold of the corona electrodes 2 and 4. The process of air ionization will stop before the arrival of the next pulse from the output of the pulse generator 21.

The described process of forming a high-voltage corona voltage supplied to the corona electrodes 2 and 4 will continue under the action of the output pulses of the generator 21 until the output signal of the pulse generator 31 assumes a "single" value. After this, the circuits of the flow of the charge current or charge of the capacitor 12 and the operating current during the formation of the high-voltage pulse are reversed, as a result of which the polarity of the output high-voltage pulses coming from the secondary winding 9 of the transformer 10 through the output buses 6 and 7 of the shaper 8 to the corona electrodes 2 and 4 This will lead to the fact that between the corona electrodes 2 and accelerating electrodes 3 during the action of high voltage pulses a negative corona will appear, which will be ionized air flow in the direction of arrows “B” with negative ions. Similarly, the air flow going in the direction of the arrows "C" will be ionized by positive ions. This process will continue until the output signal of the pulse generator 31 assumes a “zero” value, after which the signs of the ions leaving the air flows “B” and “C” change again.

A uniform change in the polarity of the voltage supplied to the corona electrodes 2 and 4 is necessary to create the same physical conditions in time during the corona of these electrodes, since with positive and negative crowns, the corona electrodes wear out differently. This is due to the fact that with a negative corona, the corona electrode emits electrons, as well as a certain amount of material of the electrodes themselves, and with a positive corona, the corona electrode detaches from air molecules and absorbs electrons. Changing the polarity of the corona voltage applied to electrodes 2 and 4 increases the reliability and durability of these electrodes.

The described bipolar ion generator allows you to simultaneously enrich ionized air with ions of both signs, setting them to approximately the same amount per unit volume of air by changing the duration of the corona pulses using a potentiometer 27 and partially using a potentiometer 28, which changes the pulse repetition rate. Simultaneous generation of ions of both signs increases the likelihood of their subsequent recombination and reduces the likelihood of the formation of medium and heavy ions.

Claims (1)

A bipolar ion generator containing a group of corona and accelerating electrodes located in the blown housing connected to the output bipolar tires of the high-voltage corona voltage generator, characterized in that it is equipped with a second group of corona and accelerating electrodes, similar to the first group of such electrodes and located next to it, the corona electrodes of the first group are electrically connected to the accelerating electrodes of the second group, and the accelerating electrodes of the first group are electrically the skis are connected to the corona electrodes of the second group.