RU2342603C1 - Bipolar ion generator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics.

SUBSTANCE: generator is intended for air treatment in dwelling, medical, office and other inhabited premises. Generator contains corona-forming and accelerating electrodes installed in ventilated casing and connected to the secondary winding of high voltage transformer, low voltage primary winding of which is connected to one of outlets of bridge voltage switch. One of switch inlets is connected to outlet of unit for control of high-voltage pulses polarity, the first inlet of which is connected to the outlet of low-frequency pulse generator with controlled duty factor of pulses. The second inlet is connected to the outlet of unit for control of ion concentration that consists of flip-flop and pulse shaper. It is equipped with the second group of corona-forming and accelerating electrodes, similar to the first group of such electrodes and located next to it, two conductive links, with the help of which corona-forming and accelerating electrodes of the first group are electrically connected to similar or dissimilar electrodes of the second group, and the second terminal of high-voltage transformer primary winding is directly connected to the first output of bridge voltage switch, the second inlet of which is connected to output of low-frequency pulse generator.

EFFECT: simplification of generator circuit and expansion of its technical resources.

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Description

The invention relates to techniques for treating air in residential, medical, office and other inhabited premises not contaminated with harmful impurities, and can be used to enrich air with ions of both signs, remove electrostatic charges from various objects and clothes of people, purify air from dust, bacteria and spore fungi.

There are many physical processes of natural origin that are different in nature and which participate in the ionization of the air surrounding us (see, for example: N.A. Kaptsov. Electrical phenomena in gases and vacuum. State Publishing House. Technical and theoretical literature. M.-L., 1950 ., pp. 222-241, 589-604.) However, in the artificial air ionization technique, mainly ion generators have been used, in which ions are created either by low-energy β-active isotopes, for example, tritium, carbon-14 or nickel-63 (see, for example, SU 106280 A, 1957), or corona p a discharge between two electrodes (see, for example, SU 842347 A, 06/30/1981, V.P. Reuta).

Ion generators that use β-active isotopes allow you to create the closest in quality composition to natural artificially ionized atmosphere by simple technical means. But safety regulations for handling radioactive materials, protecting them from destruction, and disposal conditions require special monitoring services, which makes the widespread use of such ion generators impossible.

A large number of ion generators, in which a corona discharge is used between two electrodes to supply a constant, pulsating, or pulsed high-voltage voltage, is used to ionize air, but there are not many among them that can compete in the qualitative composition of the produced ions with radioactive ion generators.

In radioactive ion generators, the process of ion formation is continuous, with ions of both signs appear in pairs. At the same time, the process of volume recombination of ions is ongoing, in which ions of different signs, meeting, neutralize each other's charges (for more details about these processes see, for example: J. Kay, T. Lebi. Tables of physical and chemical constants. M., State Publishing House, Physics and Mathematics, 1962, pp. 191-193 - on recombination, and pp. 215-216 - on specific ionization by charged particles).

The presence of bulk ion recombination does not allow most of the ions to “grow old” and turn into medium and heavy ions, the presence of which in the air is undesirable, if not harmful, for health, although they are involved in cleaning the air from dust. (The processes of formation and structure of atmospheric ions are described in detail in the article: Eichmeier J. Beitrag zum Problem der Struktur der atmospharischen Kleinionen. - "Zeitschrift fur Geophysik", 1968, Vol. 34, S.297-322).

At the end of this article, Fig. 10 shows a diagram of the formation and structure of light, medium, and heavy ions with an indication of the lifetime of these ions.

In known bipolar ion generators containing corona electrodes located in the blown housing connected to the output buses of the high-voltage corona voltage driver, the ions are produced in packs of one or the other sign with packs lasting several minutes (see, for example: US 3936698 A, 02/03/1979 ) to units of milliseconds.

Although these packets of heteropolar ions are transported by an air stream, the process of recombination of ions from these packets begins with a delay, which leads to the formation of a large number of medium and heavy ions, since the lifetime of light ions lies in the range from 10 ^-4 sec to 100 sec - this is the time during which an unrecombined light ion will necessarily collide with a large conglomerate of molecules or a condensation core and form a medium or heavy ion.

On the other hand, the rooms in which ion generators are operated have very different electrical characteristics, which imposes certain restrictions on the ion generators used. So in residential, medical and other inhabited premises where there is no working office equipment, synthetic furniture and synthetic coatings of floors, walls and ceilings, it is desirable to use ion generators that create the same number of ions of both signs in a unit volume of air. In office and other workrooms where there is a working office equipment, where there are synthetic coatings for floors, walls and / or ceilings, it is necessary to use ion generators with an adjustable ratio of ion concentrations of both signs that can generate a given excess amount of ions of a sign that is opposite to the sign of stray potentials electrostatic fields, for the neutralization of which the above-mentioned excessive amount of certain ions is intended.

A known bipolar ion generator containing corona and accelerating electrodes located in a blown housing is connected to the secondary winding of a high voltage transformer, the low voltage primary winding of which is connected to one of the outputs of the bridge voltage switch connected to the positive and common buses of the power source, one of the inputs of the switch is connected to the output of the control unit for the polarity of high-voltage pulses, made, for example, on the logic element "EXCLUSIVE OR", the first in the course of which is connected to the output of a low-frequency pulse generator with an adjustable pulse duty cycle, and the second input is connected to the output of the ion concentration control unit - [see: RU 42629 U1, 10.12.2004 (V.P. Reuta, A.F. Tuktagulov)]. This ion generator has a simple circuit to implement, but it has a number of disadvantages. These are: 1 - a high-frequency pulse generator with separately controlled output pulse repetition rate and duration of these pulses is used in its ion concentration control unit, for which one common time-setting capacitor is used, which imposes restrictions on the width of the range of adjustable ion concentrations; 2 - the presence of a booster capacitor in the circuit of the primary winding of the transformer leads to the appearance of reverse voltage spikes on this winding at the end of the working pulse and the capacitor switches to recharging mode, which leads to a decrease in the efficiency of the ion generator due to the inhibition of part of the ions by an electric field of the opposite sign; 3 - the ion generator is able to generate ions only in batches of a given duration, which leads to the formation of an excessive amount of medium and heavy ions.

The closest in technical essence is a bipolar ion generator containing corona and accelerating electrodes located in the blown housing connected to the secondary winding of a high-voltage transformer, the low-voltage primary winding of which is connected to one of the outputs of the bridge voltage switch connected to the positive and common buses of the power source, one from the inputs of the switch is connected to the output of the node for controlling the polarity of high-voltage pulses, made, for example, on the logic an “EXCLUSIVE OR” element, the first input of which is connected to the output of a low-frequency pulse generator with an adjustable pulse width, and the second input is connected to the output of an ion concentration control unit, consisting of a series-connected high-frequency multivibrator with an adjustable pulse repetition rate and a pulse shaper with an adjustable pulse width the front or the fall of the output pulses of the multivibrator [see: RU 2287744 C1, 11/20/2006, (V.P. Reuta, A.F. Tuktagulov)]. This ion generator is free from the first two drawbacks of the previous analogue, but it has the above-mentioned third drawback of the previous analogue, plus the elimination of the second abovementioned disadvantage of the previous analogue due to the presence of a boost capacitor, due to a noticeable complication of the electronic circuit of the entire ion generator. In turn, the presence of voltage-boosting capacitors in both of the above analogues is explained by the absence of high-voltage transformers with the required parameters on the market during the development of these generators. The only acceptable transformer was then the TVS 90P4 television transformer (see the label for this transformer attached to the application materials), but its output voltage became acceptable only when it was doubled, for which it was necessary to introduce a booster capacitor. Currently, our Chinese neighbors have filled our markets with specially created high-voltage transformers for air ionizers, and manufacturers agree to supply transformers with the ordered number of turns in the windings (see the label for the FMB-01 transformer attached to the application materials), which is simply unthinkable for our industry .

The objective is to simplify the circuit of the electric ion generator and expand its functionality.

For this, a bipolar ion generator containing corona and accelerating electrodes located in the blown housing is connected to the secondary winding of a high-voltage transformer, the low-voltage primary winding of which is connected to one of the outputs of the bridge voltage switch connected to the positive and common buses of the power source, one of the inputs of the switch is connected to the output of the control unit for the polarity of high-voltage pulses, made, for example, on the logic element "EXCLUSIVE OR", the first in One of which is connected to the output of the low-frequency pulse generator with an adjustable duty cycle of pulses, and the second input is connected to the output of the ion concentration control unit, consisting of a series-connected high-frequency multivibrator with an adjustable pulse repetition rate and a pulse shaper with an adjustable duration along the front or fall of the output pulses of the multivibrator, equipped with the second group of corona and accelerating electrodes, similar to the first group of such electrodes and a row m with it, two conductive jumpers, with which the corona and accelerating electrodes of the first group are electrically connected to the opposite or the same electrodes of the second group, and the second terminal of the primary winding of the high voltage transformer is directly connected to the second output of the bridge voltage switch, the second input of which is connected to the output of the low-frequency pulse generator.

The electrical schematic diagram of a bipolar ion generator is shown in Fig. 1, where the standard designations of the elements are used. Here, the ion concentration control unit 1 contains a classic high-frequency multivibrator assembled on inverters 2 and 3, where the output of the inverter 3 is connected through a series-connected time-setting capacitor 4 and an isolation resistor 5 to the input of inverter 2, and the common point of inverters 2 and 3 is connected to a common point of the capacitor 4 and resistor 5 through potentiometer 6, included in the rheostat mode (for a detailed description of the principles of construction and operation of such a multivibrator, see the book: R. Melen, G. Garland. Integrated circuits on KMO P-structures. M., "Energy", 1979, pp. 105-107, Fig. 6-1.). The output of the inverter 3, which is the output of the multivibrator, is connected to the input of the pulse shaper along the front of the output pulses of the multivibrator made on the logic element “EXCLUSIVE OR” 7, the first input of which is the input of the shaper, to which the second input of the element 7 is connected via potentiometer 8 in the rheostat switch additionally connected via a timing capacitor 9 to a common bus. The output of logic element 7 and its first input are connected to different inputs of logic element "2I" 10, the output of which is the output of the ion concentration control unit 1. If the first input of logic element 10 is switched from the output of inverter 3 to its input, then the output of element 10 will be pulses appear that are formed not along the front, but along the decay of the output pulses of the multivibrator [Such a pulse shaper is described in detail in SU 1 283 953 A1, 01/15/1987 (V.P. Reuta, V. B. Ivanov)]. The output of the ion concentration control unit 1 is connected to the first input of the EXCLUSIVE OR logic element 11, which acts as a control unit for the polarity of high-voltage pulses, the output of which is connected to the first input of the bridge voltage switch, in which the complementary emitter follower 12, assembled as the right arm, is assembled on a complementary pair of Darlington transistors 13 and 14. (For Darlington transistors, see: Claude Galle. Useful tips for developing and debugging electronic circuits. M., “DMK”, 2003, p. 63, Fig. 2-27. On the pages 106-107 and Fig. 2.67 there is information about complementary emitter repeaters.) The second input of the logic element 11 is connected to the output of the low-frequency pulse generator 15, assembled on two inverters 16 and 17 connected in series, where the output of the inverter 17 through a serially connected time-setting capacitor 18 and the decoupling resistor 19 is connected to the input of the inverter 16, and the common point of the inverters 16 and 17 is connected via a current-limiting resistor 20 to the slider of the potentiometer 21, one extreme end of which is black h a direct-connected diode 22, and the other through a reverse-connected diode 23 connected to a common point of the capacitor 18 and the resistor 19 [different options for constructing pulse generators with adjustable pulse duty cycle described in SU 1 132 340 A, 12/30/1984 (V.P. Reuta)] . The output of the inverter 17, which is the output of the generator 15, is connected to the second input of the bridge voltage switch, the role of the left on the shoulder circuit of which is played by the complementary emitter follower 24, assembled on a complementary pair of Darlington transistors 25 and 26. The primary one is connected between the outputs of the right 12 and left 24 emitter repeaters 27 winding of a high voltage transformer 28, the secondary high voltage 29 winding of which is connected to the first group of corona 30 and accelerating 32 electrodes, which are The small webs are connected to unlike electrodes of a similar second group of corona 31 and accelerating 33 electrodes. Two groups of corona and accelerating electrodes included in this way are located in the housing 34-1 blown in the direction of arrows “A”, where flows of bipolarized ionized air exit in the direction of arrows “B” and “C”. An alternative embodiment is shown in the lower part of figure 1, where in the case 34-2 the same corona 30 and accelerating 32 electrodes are connected with the same electrodes of the second group. Here, in the direction of arrows “B”, a stream of air with ions of one or another sign comes out. The connection option of the electrodes shown in the housing 34-2, instead of the option shown in the housing 34-1, can be implemented using conventionally shown tires "D" and "E". A positive supply voltage is supplied to all elements of the circuit of the ion generator through the power bus 35 relative to the common bus.

Figure 2 presents a stylized image of the output pulses at various points in the circuit of figure 1, where

t is the time;

U3, U7, U10, U11, U15, U27 - the amplitude of the pulses at the outputs of the elements and nodes with the corresponding number.

The bipolar ion generator operates as follows.

After turning on the supply voltage, a high-frequency multivibrator on inverters 2 and 3 (pulses U3 in FIG. 2) and a low-frequency pulse generator 15 (pulses U15 in FIG. 2) immediately begin to generate continuous sequences of pulses, and the pulse repetition rate of the latter, as a rule, several orders of magnitude lower than the repetition rate of the output pulses of a high-frequency multivibrator operating in a known standard manner. The output pulses from the inverter 3 go directly to the first inputs of the logic elements 7 and 10, and to the second input of the logic element 7, these pulses pass through the potentiometer 8. Since, at the initial time, the timing capacitor 9 connected to the second input of the element 7 is discharged, then the output of the gate “EXCLUSIVE OR” 7 will display a “single” signal (U7 in FIG. 2), which will be fed to the second input of the logic element “2I” 10, the output of which will also appear a “single” signal (U10 in FIG. 2). This signal, as the output signal of the ion concentration control unit 1, will go to the first input of the EXCLUSIVE OR logic element 11. After charging the capacitor 9 through the potentiometer 8 to the response level of the logic element 7, the latter will go to the “zero” state at its output. The output signals of the logic element 10 and block 1 will also become “zero”. After the output signal of the inverter 3 goes to the “zero” state, the first inputs of the logic elements 7 and 10 will be at the “zero” potential, while the second input of the logic element 7 continues be under the "unit" potential of the charged capacitor 9. As a result of this, a "unit" signal is generated at the output of the logic element 7, which will go to the second input of the element 10 but will not pass to its output due to the "zero" potential at its first input . After the discharge of the capacitor 9 through the potentiometer 8 and the "zero" output of the inverter 3 to the level of operation of the element 7, the latter will go into the "zero" state at its output. Further, the described pulse generation process by the unit 1 will continue continuously until the supply voltage between the bus 35 and the common bus is turned on. If the first input of the logical element 10 is switched from the output of the inverter 3 to its input, then the output pulses of the element 7 will be transmitted to the output pulses of the element 7 formed by the trailing edge of the output pulses of the inverter 3. If at the same time inside the generator 15 at the output of the inverter 17 " ”State (U15 of FIG. 2), a capacitor 18 is charged through which a charge current flows from the output of the inverter 17 through the diode 23, the right side of the potentiometer 21, the resistor 20 and through the“ zero ”output of the inverter 16 to the common bus. Due to this current, at the common point of the capacitor 18 and the resistor 19, a “unit” voltage is established at the initial moment, which, through the resistor 19, will be fed to the input of the inverter 16 and will maintain a “zero” state at its output. As the capacitor 18 charges, the charging current and, accordingly, the voltage at the input of the inverter 16 will fall. As soon as the voltage at the input of the inverter 16 decreases to the level of operation of this inverter, it will tip over into a “single” state at its output and transfer the inverter 17 to a “zero” state at its output. Thus, a pulse is formed at the output of the inverter 17 and, accordingly, at the output of the generator 15. The duration of this pulse is determined by the charge constant of the capacitor 18, i.e. resistance in the charge circuit of this capacitor. By changing this resistance with the help of potentiometer 21, you can change the duration and, accordingly, the duty cycle of the output pulses of the pulse generator 15. After the inverter 16 is in the “single” state at its output, and the inverter 17 is in the “zero” state, the process of recharging the capacitor 18 will begin. The recharge current of the capacitor 18 will flow from the output of the inverter 16 through the resistor 20, the left side of the potentiometer 21, the diode 22 and through the output of the inverter 17 to the common bus. In the process of recharging the capacitor 18, the potential at the common point of the capacitor 18 and the resistor 19 will increase from the initial negative value to the positive side until it reaches the inverter 16 operation level. When this level is reached, the inverter 16 will overturn to its “zero” state at its output and translates the output of the inverter 17 into a “single” state, after which the pulse formation process will be repeated according to the foregoing. The output pulses of the pulse generator 15 are fed to the second input of the logic element 11 and to the input of the switch 24, and the output pulses of the logic element 11 (U11 of FIG. 2) are fed to the input of the switch 12. The type of output pulses of the element 11 depends on the combination of pulses at its inputs, as shown in figure 2 in the form of pulses U11 received at the input of the switch 12. We take for the positive direction the current flow from the beginning of the windings 27 and 29 of the transformer 28, indicated by black dots, to the ends of these windings. In the "single" state of the output of the pulse generator 15, the "single" state of the output of the switch 24 and the second input of the logic element 11 will be maintained, so that the arrival of "single" pulses at the first input of the element 11 will cause the appearance of "zero" pulses at its output, which will translate switch 12 to the "zero" state at its output. In the aforementioned state of the switches 12 and 24 from the power bus 35 through the open transistor 25, the winding 27 of the transformer 28 and the open transistor 14, a current will flow to the common bus, which will form positive pulses on the winding 27 (U27 of FIG. 2). These pulses are transformed into a high-voltage winding 29, from which they will be supplied to the first group of corona 30 and accelerating 32 electrodes, and, depending on the connection circuit of these electrodes to similar electrodes of the second group, out of phase to similar electrodes of the second group of corona 31 and accelerating 33 electrodes for the variant of connecting these electrodes depicted in the housing 34-1, or in phase for the variant of connecting these electrodes depicted in the housing 34-2. Under the aforementioned conditions, a negative corona will appear between the corona 30 and accelerating 32 electrodes in the case 34-1, and the air exiting in the direction of arrows “B” will be ionized with negative ions, and a positive corona and air will appear between the corona 31 and accelerating 33 electrodes. going in the direction of the arrow "C" will be ionized by positive ions. And for the variant of connecting the electrodes shown in the case 34-2, a negative corona will appear between the corona 30, 31 and accelerating 32, 33 electrodes, and all the air leaving in the direction of arrows “B” will be ionized by negative ions. After the end of the "zero" pulse at the output of element 11 in the switch 12, the transistor 13 opens, and the transistor 14 closes, as a result of which the winding 27 with both terminals through the open transistors 13 and 25 will be connected to the power bus 35. Since during the working pulse in the winding 27 if a certain amount of energy is stored, due to this, a rapidly damping discharge current of the winding 27 will flow through the winding 27 in the same direction for some time, due to which the trailing edge of the pulse on the winding will be “littered” and somewhat “stretched” in the lower voey part that does not affect the operation of the generator as ions. At the same time, air ionization will cease until the next pulse arrives from the output of element 11. Then the air ionization process will be repeated with the arrival of each next pulse from the output of logic element 11 until the output signal of the pulse generator 15 becomes “zero”. After that, the transistor 25 will close in the switch 24 and the transistor 26 will open, and at the output of the logic element 11, instead of “zero”, “single” pulses will be formed, which in the switch 12 will open the transistor 13 and close the transistor 14. As a result, the current through the winding 27 during the formation of working pulses, it will reverse direction, which will lead to a change in the polarity of the pulses on the windings 27 and 29 of the transformer 28, and this, in turn, will cause a change in the polarity of the ions in the air flows in the direction p Christmas trees "B" and "C" in both versions of the connection of the corona and accelerating electrodes in two adjacent groups. In the process of tuning the ion generator with a potentiometer, a pulse repetition rate of the multivibrator output pulses in block 1 is set, at which transient processes in the winding 27 occupy less than half the repetition period of the indicated pulses, and the ion concentration set at a predetermined distance sets the ion concentration in the same block at a given distance unit of air volume. Moreover, with the variant of connecting the electrodes shown in the case 34-1, the duty cycle of the output pulses equal to two for the uniform wear of the corona electrodes 30 and 31 is set with a potentiometer 21 in the pulse generator 15. And with the variant of connecting the electrodes shown in the case 34-2, the same with a potentiometer 21, a predetermined coefficient of unipolarity of ions is established on the ion counter, i.e. the ratio of the concentration of positive ions to the concentration of negative ions per unit volume of air, after which, if necessary, potentiometer 8 corrects the ion concentration created by the ion generator of the desired sign.

Thus, in the described bipolar ion generator, the electrical circuit is much simpler compared to the prototype, and the functionality is wider due to the availability of alternative options for connecting two groups of corona and accelerating electrodes to each other. In this case, the connection of the electrodes depicted in the housing 34-1 is preferable in inhabited rooms where parasitic electrostatic fields are absent or small, because in this case, ions of both signs are simultaneously generated, which reduces the likelihood of medium and heavy ions.

Claims (1)

A bipolar ion generator containing corona and accelerating electrodes located in the blown housing connected to the secondary winding of a high-voltage transformer, the low-voltage primary winding of which is connected to one of the outputs of the bridge voltage switch connected to the positive and common buses of the power source, one of the inputs of the switch is connected to the output node control polarity of high-voltage pulses, made, for example, on the logic element "EXCLUSIVE OR", the first input of which connected to the output of the low-frequency pulse generator with an adjustable duty cycle of pulses, and the second input is connected to the output of the ion concentration control unit, consisting of a series-connected high-frequency multivibrator with an adjustable pulse repetition rate and a pulse shaper with adjustable duration along the front or fall of the output pulses of the multivibrator, characterized in that it is equipped with a second group of corona and accelerating electrodes, similar to the first group of such electrodes and races laid next to it, two conductive jumpers, with which the corona and accelerating electrodes of the first group are electrically connected to the opposite or the same electrodes of the second group, and the second terminal of the primary winding of the high voltage transformer is directly connected to the second output of the bridge voltage switch, the second input of which is connected to the output low frequency pulse generator.

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