RU2287744C1 - Bipolar ion generator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: air conditioning.

SUBSTANCE: bipolar ion generator comprises corona and accelerating electrodes arranged in the air duct and connected to the secondary winding of the high-voltage transformer whose primary winding is connected with the capacitor and diagonal of the bridge voltage switch in series. The voltage switch is connected with the positive and common buses of the power source. The input of the switch is connected with the output of the unit for control of polarity of the high-voltage pulses whose first input is connected with the output of the unit for control of ion concentration and second input is connected with the output of the unit for control of ion polarity coefficient made of, e.g., pulse generator.

EFFECT: expanded functional capabilities.

Description

The invention relates to techniques for treating air in residential, medical, office and other inhabited premises and can be used to enrich air with ions of both signs, remove electrostatic charges from various objects and clothes of people, clean air from dust, bacteria and fungal spores.

Various bipolar ion generators are known (see, for example, USSR author's certificate No. 550077 of December 3, 1977, H 05 F 1/00, author V.P. Reuta, or see USSR author's certificate No. 919452 of October 8, 1980 ., F 24 F 3/16, authors V.P. Reuta, V.M. Kondratov). In the first of them, a radioactive isotope is used for ionization, which is unacceptable in domestic conditions and where there are no special services. In the second generator, for the generation of high-voltage pulses, two alternately switched-on blocking generators are used, which, as is known, have poor frequency stability when the external temperature changes, as well as limited possibilities for controlling the ion concentration.

Closest to the circuit solution is a bipolar ion generator containing corona and accelerating electrodes located in the blown air duct connected to the secondary winding of a high voltage transformer, the primary winding of which with a voltage boost capacitor connected in series with it, is included in the diagonal of the bridge voltage switch connected to the positive and common buses power supply, the input of the switch is connected to the output of the control unit for the polarity of high-voltage pulses, made for example, on the EXCLUSIVE OR logic element, the first input of which is connected to the output of the ion concentration control unit and the second input is connected to the output of the ion unipolarity coefficient control unit, made, for example, in the form of a pulse generator with an adjustable duty cycle (see patent Utility Model No. 42629 dated 08/20/2004, 7 F 24 F 3/16, authors: V.P. Reuta, A.F. Tuktagulov).

This ion generator also has disadvantages. Since asymmetric high-voltage pulses are formed in it to create a corona discharge, in which the reverse surge is approximately equal to half the amplitude of the useful part of the pulse, the reverse electric field that appears after the end of the useful pulse due to the reverse voltage surge slows down and does not release a noticeable part of the formed ions into the surrounding space, reducing the efficiency of the ion generator, in which it is necessary to increase the duration of high-voltage to obtain the necessary concentration of ions tn pulses, spending on it extra energy. In addition to this, in the prototype, as an example, an ion concentration regulator is presented, made in the form of a pulse generator with an adjustable duty cycle, which uses one time-setting capacitance both for generating pulse durations and for generating pulse repetition rates, which reduces the range of pulse duty cycle adjustment to approximately 50 due to restrictions imposed on the minimum and maximum values of resistance during timing circuits. In practice, a pulse duty cycle adjustment range of more than 100 is necessary.

The objective of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the bipolar ion generator, as well as expanding the range of regulation of the concentration of generated ions.

For this, a bipolar ion generator containing corona and accelerating electrodes located in the blown duct is connected to the secondary winding of a high-voltage transformer, the primary processing of which with a voltage-boosting capacitor connected in series with it is included in the diagonal of the voltage bridge switch connected to the positive and common buses of the power supply, input the switch is connected to the output of the control unit for the polarity of high-voltage pulses, made, for example, on the logic This “EXCLUSIVE OR” element, the first input of which is connected to the output of the ion concentration control unit and the second input is connected to the output of the ion unipolarity coefficient control unit, made, for example, in the form of a pulse generator with an adjustable duty cycle, is additionally equipped with a voltage switch with three states the output, the output of which is connected to the common point of the boost capacitor and the primary winding of the high voltage transformer, the signal input of the switch connected to the above and power buses, connected to the output of the control unit of the coefficient of unipolarity of ions, and the control input of the third state is connected to the output of the control unit of the concentration of ions, while one shoulder of the bridge voltage switch, to which the output of the primary winding of the transformer is connected, is also made in the form of a switch with three states at the output, the signal input of which is connected to the output of the polarity control unit for high-voltage pulses, and through the inverter to the control input of the second shoulder of the bridge switch ator voltage, a third state control input of the above shoulder bridge switch connected to the output ion concentration control unit and transferred to the third state "zero" signal, while newly inputted switch is turned to the third state "single" signal. In addition, the ion concentration control unit is made in the form of a series-connected multivibrator with an adjustable pulse frequency and a pulse shaper with an adjustable pulse duration, for example, in the form of an EXCLUSIVE OR element, the first input of which is connected to the output of the multivibrator, to which the second input is connected via a potentiator with a capacitor installed on it, connected to a common bus, the output of the named element is connected to the first input of the 2I element, the second input of which is connected to swing of the multivibrator, and the output is the output of the ion concentration control unit.

An electrical schematic diagram of a bipolar ion generator is shown in FIG. It adopted the standard designation of elements.

Here, the multivibrator 1 is assembled on two series-connected inverters 2 and 3, the output of the second 3 inverters through the timing capacitor 4 and the decoupling resistor 5 is connected to the input of the first 2 inverters, and the common point of the inverters 2 and 3 through the series-connected current-limiting resistor 6 and the frequency control potentiometer 7 multivibrator 1 is connected to a common point of the capacitor 4 and resistor 5. (If necessary, for the features of the operation of such a multivibrator, see the book: R. Melen, G. Garland. Integrated circuits with CMOS structure M. M., "Energy", 1979, pp. 105-107, Fig. 6-1.) The output of the multivibrator 1 is connected to the input of the pulse shaper 8, to which the first input of the element "EXCLUSIVE OR" 9 and the first input are connected element "2I" 10, as well as through a potentiometer for controlling the duration of the pulses 11 connected to the second input of the element 9, connected through a timing capacitor 12 with a common bus. The output of the “2I” element 10, which is the output of both the pulse shaper 8 and the entire ion concentration control unit, consisting of a multivibrator 1 and pulse shaper 8, is connected to the control input of the third state of voltage switch 13 with three output states [by the third state is meant the off state of the switch when its output, which is a common point of two series-connected complementary Darlington transistors 14 and 15, connected by collectors between the power bus 19 and common bus, isolated from the supply bus by the large internal resistance of the locked transistors 14 and 15 (on Darlington transistors, which are composite n-pn or pnp transistors with protective diodes connected between the emitter and the collector in the opposite direction , see, for example: Claude Galle. Useful tips on the development and debugging of electronic circuits. M., "DMK", 2003, p. 63, Fig. 2.27]]. This control input is the combined first inputs of the elements “2OR-NOT” 16 and “2OR” 17, the outputs of which are connected, respectively, with the bases of the transistors 14 and 15. The second input of the element “2OR” 17 through the inverter 18 is connected to the second input of the element “2OR “NOT” 16 and is simultaneously connected to the signal input of the switch 13, through which it is connected to the first input of the EXCLUSIVE OR element 20, which is the polarity switch of high voltage pulses and, accordingly, the polarity switch of the generated ions. This input is additionally connected to the output of the control unit of the unipolarity coefficient of ions 21, assembled on two series-connected inverters 22 and 23. The output of the inverter 23, which is the output of the block 21, is connected through a series-connected time-varying capacitor 24 and a decoupling resistor 25 to the input of the inverter 22, and the common the point of the inverters 22 and 23 through the current-limiting resistor 26 is connected to the midpoint of the potentiometer 27, designed to control the coefficient of unipolarity of the ions. The extreme ends of the potentiometer 27 through the counter-connected diodes 28 and 29 are connected to the common point of the capacitor 24 and the resistor 25. The output of the pulse shaper 8 is additionally connected to the second input of the element 20 and to the control input of the third state of the switch 30, consisting of Darlington complementary transistors connected in series 31 and 32, the collectors of which are connected, respectively, to the power bus 19 and the common bus, and the bases are connected, respectively, to the outputs of the elements “2I” 33 and “2I-NOT” 34, the first inputs of which are combined and I are the control state input of the third state of the switch 30, and the second input of the element 33 is connected to the output of the element 20 and the input of the inverter 35 connected by its output to the second input of the element 34 and to the input of the switch 36. The latter is a complementary emitter follower on Darlington transistors 37 and 38, the bases of which are combined and are the input of the switch connected to the boost capacitor 39, and the collectors of the transistors 37 and 38 are connected, respectively, to the power bus 19 and the common bus. The second output of the capacitor 39 is connected to the output of the switch 13 and the primary 40 of the transformer 41. The second end of the winding is connected to the output of the switch 30. The secondary high-voltage 42 of the transformer 41 is connected to the common bus at one end and the corona electrodes 44 installed in the blown housing 43 and accelerating electrodes 45, performed, as a rule, in the form of rings, are connected to a common bus. Arrows "A" show the direction of the air flow blown through the housing-duct 43.

Figure 2 presents a stylized view of the pulses at various points in the circuit of figure 1. The following notation is accepted here:

t is the time;

I1, I9, I10, etc. - the voltage of the pulse at the output of the node or block with the corresponding number

The shaded areas in the graphs for I13 and I30 indicate the third state at the output of the corresponding switch.

Since the current through the winding 40 of the transformer 41 cannot instantly increase or fall to zero, on pulses I40 this is shown in the form of spikes on the leading edge of the pulses and in the form of a smooth transition to zero on the falling edge.

The bipolar ion generator operates as follows.

After turning on the supply voltage, all nodes and blocks go into operation (after the end of transient processes). Multivibrator 1 generates pulses I1 with a frequency determined by the capacitance of the capacitor 4 and potentiometer 7 with a resistor 6 connected in series with it. These pulses are fed to the input of the pulse shaper 8, inside which they go to the first inputs of elements 9 and 10, and through the potentiometer 11 to the second input of the element “EXCLUSIVE OR” 9. Since the capacitor 12 is discharged, then at the output of the element 9, a pulse I9 is formed at the leading edge of the pulse I1, the duration of which is determined by the time constant of the RC circuit, consisting of a potentiometer 11, capacitor 12, as well as the response threshold of element 9 [the response threshold of the CMOS elements varies from 30% to 70% of the I19 value (see, for example: R. Melen, G. Garland. Integrated circuits with CMOS structures. M., "Energy" , 1979, p. 107)]. The potentiometer 11 sets the required duration of the pulses generated by the shaper 8.

Since both inputs of the “2I” element 10 are “single” signals, the “single” pulse I10 will appear at the output of the “2I” 10 element and at the output of the driver 8. After the end of the pulse I1 at the output of the multivibrator 1, the “zero” signal will go to the first input element 9 and resistor 11.

Since the capacitor 12 is charged to a “unit” voltage, the signal 9 is “zero” at the first input of element 9, and an I9 pulse is generated at the output of element 9 along the trailing edge of the pulse I1, which will go to the second input of element 2I 10, but will not pass further because element 10 is locked for the signal to pass through a “zero” signal at the first input. After the voltage at the capacitor 12 reaches the threshold of the element 9, the signal at the output of the latter will become "zero", and the capacitor 12 will be discharged to "zero". And so the I10 pulses will be formed at the output of the pulse shaper 8 with the arrival of each new pulse I1. Those. from each pair of I9 pulses, only one is passed to the output. This is done because the I9 pulses formed along the leading and trailing edges of the I1 pulse have different durations, and we need I10 pulses of the same duration. If the first input of the element “2I” 10 is connected to the output of the inverter 2, not 3, then the output of the element “2I” 10 will receive pulses And9, formed on the trailing edge of the pulse And1.

Simultaneously with the generator 1, a pulse generator with an adjustable duty cycle 21 is operating, which generates I21 pulses, the frequency of which is many times (usually more than 10 times) lower than the pulse repetition frequency I1 (pulse generator with an adjustable duty cycle, similar to the generator 21, are described in USSR copyright certificate No. 1132340 of February 28, 1983, N 03 K 3/02, author V.P. Reuta). In this generator, the pulse duration is set by the RC circuit, consisting of the capacitor 24 and the series-connected resistances of the diode 29, the right side of the potentiometer 27 and the resistor 26. The pause duration between pulses is set by the capacitance of the capacitor 24 and the series-connected resistances of the diode 28, the left side of the potentiometer 27 and resistor 26. Potentiometer 27 establish the necessary ratio between the pulse widths of I21 and pauses between these pulses, whereby the number of pulses of I40 is set linear and negative polarity, and hence the coefficient of unipolarity of ions, i.e. the ratio of the concentration of ions of positive polarity to the concentration of ions of negative polarity per unit volume of air (usually in cm ³ ).

From the output of block 21, pulses I21 are supplied to the first input of element 20 and to the signal input of switch 13, to the control input of the third state of which pulses And 10 are received, which simultaneously arrive at the second input of element 20 “EXCLUSIVE OR” and to the control input of the third state of switch 30 The presence of a “single” pulse I21 at the input of element 20 turns element 20 into an inverter for pulses And 10. Its output pulses I20 are fed to the signal input of switch 30, and through the inverter 35 of switch 30 to the control input STUDIO 36. The combined effect of pulses 10 and I21 and leads to the fact that:

a) in the presence of a “single” pulse And 21 and a “single” pulse And 10, the switch 13 goes into the third state (shaded areas on the diagram And 13);

the switch 36 repeats at its output pulses And 10 in the form of pulses And 36;

the switch 30 inverts the pulses And 10, turning them into "zero" pulses And 30;

on the primary winding 40 of the transformer 41, positive pulses I40 are formed with an amplitude almost twice the magnitude of the supply voltage And 19 due to the summation of the supply voltage And 19 with the charge voltage of the capacitor 39 (in Fig. 2, the pulse diagrams are presented as a cut in time, but not from the zero moment of inclusion, at which the first impulse And40 will have an amplitude approximately equal And19);

the leading edge of the pulse I40 has an ejection due to the self-induction EMF of the winding 40 of the transformer 41, because the current through the inductance cannot instantly increase;

from the secondary winding 42 of the transformer 41, high-voltage pulses similar in shape to I40 pulses arrive at the corona electrodes 44 located in the blown air duct 43 relative to the accelerating electrodes 45, which leads to the formation of a corona discharge between these electrodes and the formation of positive ions in the electrodes 44, which are carried away by a stream of air into the surrounding space in the direction of arrows “A”.

b) With a “single” I21 and a transition of I10 to the “zero” state, the pulse of I20 will go into a “single” state;

in the switch 13, the transistor 14 opens and a “single” pulse I13 appears;

in the switch 36, the transistor 37 closes and the transistor 38 opens, as a result of which the charge current of the capacitor 39 flows through the transistor 14, the capacitor 39 and the transistor 38, which is charged to the voltage And19;

the switch 30 will go into the third state (the shaded area in the diagram for I30);

since the current through the winding 40 of the transformer 41 cannot instantly stop, it will flow without changing the direction from the power bus 19 through the transistor 14, the winding 40 and the diode between the emitter and the collector of the closed transistor 31 to the bus 19, decreasing to zero, which is marked by a smooth decline trailing edge of the pulse I40;

the emission of positive ions will cease.

The processes in paragraphs a) and b) will be further repeated until the pulse And 21 does not go to the zero state.

After that, as can be seen from the diagrams of figure 2, the polarity of the pulses I20, I13, I36, I30 and, accordingly, I40 will change. This will lead to a change in the polarity of the pulses between the corona 44 and accelerating 45 electrodes. Due to the negative corona, negative ions will begin to form at the electrode 44, which will be carried away by the air flow into the surrounding space until the impulse I2 again becomes “single”. Then the process of formation of positive ions will be repeated.

From the described it can be seen that the process of charging and recharging the capacitor 39 does not occur through the winding 40, as is done in the prototype, but through the switch 13. Therefore, the pulses I40 and high-voltage pulses do not have reverse emissions, and all the ions formed go with the air stream into the surrounding space , which increases the efficiency and efficiency of the ion generator.

The use of a series-controlled multivibrator with an adjustable frequency and a pulse shaper with an adjustable pulse duration having independent timing RC circuits in the ion concentration control unit allows changing the duty cycle of pulses in almost any range from a value slightly more than two, and to values exceeding a thousand. This is important when generating low ion concentrations, while the prototype works well only at medium and high ion concentrations.

Claims (2)

1. A bipolar ion generator containing corona and accelerating electrodes located in the blown air duct connected to the secondary winding of a high-voltage transformer, the primary winding of which with a voltage-boosting capacitor connected in series to it, is included in the diagonal of the voltage bridge switch connected to the positive and common buses of the power sources, input the switch is connected to the output of the control unit for the polarity of high-voltage pulses, made, for example, on a logical ele This is an EXCLUSIVE OR channel, the first input of which is connected to the output of the ion concentration control unit and the second input is connected to the output of the control unit of the unipolarity coefficient of ions, made, for example, in the form of a pulse generator with an adjustable duty cycle, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with a voltage switch with three states at the output, the output of which is connected to a common point of the boost capacitor and the primary winding of the high voltage transformer, the signal input of the switch connected to the aforementioned power bus, connected to the output of the control unit of the coefficient of unipolarity of ions, and the input of the control of the third state is connected to the output of the control unit of the concentration of ions, while one shoulder of the bridge voltage switch, to which the output of the primary winding of the transformer is connected, is also made in the form of a switch with three states at the output, the signal input of which is connected to the output of the control unit for the polarity of high-voltage pulses, and through the inverter to the control input of the second arm of the bridge of the first switch, the control input of the third state of the aforementioned shoulder of the bridge switch is connected to the output of the ion concentration control unit and is transferred to the third state by a “zero” signal, while the newly introduced switch is transferred to the third state by a “single” signal. 2. The bipolar ion generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the ion concentration control unit is made in the form of series-connected multivibrators with an adjustable pulse frequency and a pulse shaper with an adjustable pulse duration, for example, as an EXCLUSIVE OR element, the first input of which is connected to the output a multivibrator to which a second input is connected through a potentiometer with a capacitor installed on it, connected to a common bus, the output of the named element is connected to the first input of element 2I, second the input of which is connected to the output of the multivibrator, and the output is the output of the ion concentration control unit.

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